cpt-1-history of metal casting

7/25/2019 Cpt-1-History of Metal Casting

1/65

History of Metal Casting

Prof. Dr. Altan Turkeli

MSE-432Foundry Technology


2/65


3/65


4/65


5/65


6/65


7/65


8/65


9/65


10/65


11/65


12/65


13/65


14/65


15/65


16/65


17/65


18/65


19/65


20/65


21/65


22/65

Metal casting is a technology which reaches back almost 5000

years. We will probably never know when or how the first

casting was produced because man made castings before he

left a written record of this achievement.

Gold, which occurs in nature in pure nugget form, and

certainly would have attracted the attention of men,

undoubtedly was the first metal recognized. Prehistoric manprobably hammered gold ornaments out of the nuggets that

he found. We can only conjecture, but it's likely that it was

around 8000 BC or shortly thereafter.

Silver also could have been found in relatively pure form and

could have been treated similarly.


23/65

Copper most likely was the next metal put to useby mankind. It is entirely possible that a campfiremay have been banked with copper-bearing oreand that beads or droplets of solidified copperwere found in the ashes,, perhaps around 4500BC, although the discovery may have come asmuch as a 1000 years earlier.

It would have been natural to hammer the copperinto a shape, as gold had been formed. Unlike

gold, however, the copper became harder when itwas hammered, opening the door to new usesfor metal such as weapons.


24/65

Long before, Man had discovered refractorymaterials and had used them for thousands ofyears to make pottery, With the discovery that

copper could be melted, it should have been anatural step to melt it by design and form it intodesired shapes in sand, clay and stone molds.

In reality , however, forging of copper apparently

was the accepted method of metal forming for aperiod of from 1000 to 2000 years until about3500 BC.

Forged copper necessarily was limited to simple

shapes, restricting the utility of the processinvolved. It was casting, the essential foundationof all civilization, that unlocked the future andplaced man on the path to conquering hisenvironment.


25/65

Although we don't know who made the first

casting, or exactly where, most historians

believe that this great step forward was madein ancient Mesopotamia (roughly modern

Iraq) in the period 4000-3000 BC.

The oldest casting in existence is believed to

be a copper frog cast in Mesopotamia

probably around 3200 BC.

Progress in casting necessarily was slow From pure


26/65

Progress in casting necessarily was slow. From purecopper, early man moved to bronze castings when helearned, sometime around 3000 BC and again perhapsby accident, that the addition of tin to molten copper

produced a much more useful material. Bronze washarder than copper and could be hardened moreeasily.

The discovery of tin as a separate element did not take

place until the 16th century, but by then Man hadalready used its ores for 4500 years in combinationwith those of copper.

Brass (copper plus zinc) was developed many centuriesbefore the Christian era, although precisely when orwhere is debatable. Like tin, zinc was used an alloyingmetal before it was recognized as a separate element.


27/65


28/65


29/65


30/65

Some Foundrymen Societies

AFS

NADCA

SFSA(Steel Founders Society of America)

AMC (America Metalcasting Consortium)

Ductile Iron Society The Institute of British Foundrymen

World Foundrymen Organization

German Founrymens Society (VDG)

TUDOKSAD


31/65

Metal Casting Plants

Casting Alloys

in some countries


32/65


33/65


34/65


35/65


36/65


37/65


38/65


39/65


40/65


41/65


42/65


43/65


44/65


45/65


46/65


47/65


48/65


49/65


50/65


51/65


52/65


53/65


54/65


55/65


56/65


57/65


58/65


59/65


60/65


61/65


62/65


63/65


64/65


65/65

cpt-1-history of metal casting

Documents