CPO MANUFACTURING PROCESSES & ANALYSIS FRICTION LOSSES OF WATER TOWER TANKS PRODUCT

CPO MANUFACTURING PROCESSES & ANALYSIS FRICTION LOSSES OF WATER TOWER TANKS PRODUCTBY HENI ISMAWATI1107121287

PT. KIMIA TIRTA UTAMA PROFILESLuas Kebun Inti : 6.726.57 Ha, terdiri dari 10 Afdeling 247 Blok (TM : 6.480,96 Ha ; TBM : 45.61 Ha) dan Kebun KKPA seluas 2.616,35 Ha . Jumlah Karyawan s/d Mei : 2.145 orangJumlah Ka.Pembangunan Pabrik CPO dimulai tahun 1998 dengan kapasitas 20 ton tbs/jam. Dan extention PKS mulai tahun 2010 menjadi kapasitas 40 ton TBS/Jam. PT. KTU berdiri sejak tahun : 1980, mulai operasional tahun 1998Luas Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) : 7.452,2 Ha

Pembangunan PKO dimulai Tahun 2011, dengan kapasitas 40 ton/Jam.Luas total PKS : 7 HaLuas Komposting : 2.7 Ha, komisioning di bulan Mei 2011.

MANUFACTURING SYSTEM PROCESSESTBSWeight BridgeLoading RampLorrySterilizerAutofeederThresserBunch PressVibrating ScreenEmpty bunchDigesterPressBunch

Crude Oil Treatment Processes PressSand Trap TankVibrating ScreenClarifier TankWet Oil TankPurifier TankVacuum DryerStorage TankSludge TankSand TankSludge CentrifugeSlude PitSludge UnderflowDilution air condensatWet Oil

Kernel Treatment ProcessesDepericarperPressBoilerPolishing DrumDestonerRipple millLTDS 1LTDS 2HidrocycloneWWT(Contact Pond)NutShell/CangkangShell/CangkangShell/CangkangKernel BunkerKernel DryerKernelCracked MixtureCracked MixtureHidrocyclone waterShell/HopperFibre

By- Product Handling system70-80 oCSludge PitCooling Pond 2Cooling Pond 1Mixing Pond 2Mixing Pond 1Mixing Pond 3Mixing Pond 4Anaerobik Pond 1Anaerobik Pond 2Anaerobik Pond 3Contact PondLand Aplication24 h40-45oCpH 6,8-7,2

WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES

Advantage Low dissolved solid

Disadvantage There are high suspended solidWater condition always change following the wheater.

Waduk

Capasity 45 tonneObserve parameters on clarifier FTU (formazin turbidity unit) / NTU (Nephelometric turbidity unit)), PH and final conductivity, floc stability.Chemicals Inject is min 12 meters from Clarifier tank.

Clarifier

Settling basin capasity 60 m3/Hour If there any suspended solid in the water, these will turn down because a grafity factor. Settling Basin

Inlet clear tank:1. clear water from settling basin2. Over flow from water tower

Clear tank capasity is 46 tonne.Clear Tank

Water from clear tank flows from sand filters top, and then falling down between medium stone to small stone, and kwarsa. Backwash when pressure difference between inlet and outlet > 1 bar.sand filter composition: Volume sand filter 50% - 75% of tank volume Medium stone-. Diameter pasir 2 4 mm-. Komposition: 25%

Small stone-. Diameter pasir : 0.8 2 mm-. Komposition : 25%

Kwarsa -. Diameter pasir : 0.5 0.7 mm-. Komposition: 50%

Outlet capasity is 45 tonne / Hour Sand filter

Tank capasity 90 tonneInlet = 45 ton / HourOutlet Domestic = 45 ton/ HourProses = 5 ton / HourRO = 40 ton / Hour and recovery 75%Kantor = 3 ton/ Hour

Water Tower

Boiler Water Treatment

MMF is a filter for ROs inlet. MMF have carbon active as a media filter.MMF

Inlet 40 tonne / Hour and recovery 75%Outlet 45 tonne / HourReject 13 tonne / Hour

Reserve Osmosis

Inlet 1. Reject from RO 2. Cooling water from Boiler

Outlet 1. Cleaning PlantReject Tank

Permeate Tank Is a closed tank where water outlet from RO is saved.

Permeate Tank

ANALYSIS FRICTION LOSSES OF WATER TOWER TANKS PRODUCTFLOW WATER TO BOILER From App. A2 [Geankoplis, 1995] we found : = 995.68 kg/m3 = 0.8007Cp = 6.7197 x 10-4

We used 6 and 4 pipe, then we should calculate the diameters of these pipe :

D3 = 0.505 ftD4 = 0.335 ftso, we can found A for every pipes :A3 = 0.2001 ftA4 = 0.0880 ft

Then flowrate value is:

= 0.3831 ft3/s

Velocity V3 = 0.7586 ft2/sV4 = 1.1435 ft2/s

Contraction Loss At ExitUsed equation 2.10-16 for contraction from large A1 to a small pipe A3

Because we found NRe > 4000, so it mean the flow was turbulen. And we used commercial steel pipe so from figure 2.10-3 [ Geankoplis, 1995] we used (material equivalent roughness for new pipes) = 4.6 x 10-5 m atau 0.00015 ft. so,

And from /D = 2.9 x 10-4 and NRe = 7 x 106 we found friction factor for this kind of pipe f = 0.0055. L for 6 pipe is 8 m or 26.2464 ft. so Ff value is :

So, we found hc is :

2. Friction in 6-in pipeReynold number for 6 pipe is :

hc = Contraction lossesKc = koefisien contractiongc = gravity conversion factor ( 32.174 lbm ft / Lbf s2 )V = velocity NRe = NRe = NRe = Reynold NumberD = Pipes Diameter = densityV = velocity = viscosityCp = Heat Capasity

3. Friction in the tee pipe at 6-in pipeFrom table 2.10-1 Geankoplis, 1995 Kf value for tee pipe is 1, so hf value is:

Ff = Friction losses f = Friction factorL = pipes lengthV = velocitygc = gravity conversion factor ( 32.174 lbm ft / Lbf s2 )Hf = Friction lossesKf = Koefisien frictionV = velocitygc = gravity conversion factor ( 32.174 lbm ft / Lbf s2 )

4. Contraction from pipe 6-in to 4-in Used equation 2.10-16 for contraction from large A3 to a small pipe A4.

5. Friction in the 4-in pipeReynold number for 4 pipe is :

And from /D = 0.00044 and NRe = 7 x 106 we found friction factor for this kind of pipe f = 0.00488 . L for 4 pipe is 264.5 m or 867.78 ft. ft. so Ff value is :

6. Friction in swing valve at 4-in pipeFrom table 2.10-1 Geankoplis, 1995 Kf value for swing valve is 2, so hf value is:

7. Friction in flowmeter at 4-in pipe From table 2.10-1 Geankoplis, 1995 Kf value for flow meter is 7, so hf value is:

8. Friction in 14 elbow at 4-in pipe From table 2.10-1 Geankoplis, 1995 Kf value for elbow is 0.75, so hf value is:

Total friction losses from water tower tank to deaerator tank is :

From level sistem if we assumed z2 as a basis, z1 = H dan z2 = 0. because all flows as turbulen so, = 1 , 1 = 0, 2 = 4 = 1.1435 ft/s. if we assumed p1 and p2 are same, we will found:

Because we didnt use a pump so Ws value was 0. and then we subtitute to equation 2.10-20 from Geankoplis, 1995 :

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