cp chemistry unit 12 solutions introductory concepts
TRANSCRIPT
CP ChemistryCP Chemistry
Unit 12 SolutionsUnit 12 Solutions
Introductory ConceptsIntroductory Concepts
StandardsStandards
3.1.10 C Apply patterns as repeated 3.1.10 C Apply patterns as repeated processes or recurring elements in processes or recurring elements in science and technology.science and technology.
3.1.10 E Describe patterns of change in 3.1.10 E Describe patterns of change in nature, physical and manmade systems.nature, physical and manmade systems.
3.4.10 A Explain concepts about the 3.4.10 A Explain concepts about the structure and properties of matter.structure and properties of matter.
Solutions are …Solutions are …
Homogeneous Homogeneous mixtures mixtures Uniform throughoutUniform throughout Variable proportionsVariable proportions
Composed of two Composed of two parts …parts … Solvent:Solvent: Solute:Solute:
Solutions can be described …Solutions can be described …
Qualitatively Qualitatively DiluteDilute ConcentratedConcentrated
QuantitativelyQuantitatively Mass Percent = g solute / g of solutionMass Percent = g solute / g of solution Molarity = number of moles / liter of solutionMolarity = number of moles / liter of solution
Solubility Rules …Solubility Rules …
1.1. Most nitrate salts are soluble.Most nitrate salts are soluble.
2.2. Most salts of NaMost salts of Na++, K, K++, and NH, and NH44++ are are
soluble.soluble.
3.3. Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are AgCl, PbClexceptions are AgCl, PbCl22, Hg, Hg22ClCl22
4.4. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are …exceptions are …
See full table on p. 218See full table on p. 218
Solubility CurvesSolubility Curves
Important because at Important because at a glance they tell us a glance they tell us how much solute how much solute dissolves in 100 g of dissolves in 100 g of solvent (usually solvent (usually water) at different water) at different temperatures.temperatures.
Solutions can be …Solutions can be …
Unsaturated …Unsaturated … Contain less solute Contain less solute
than the maximumthan the maximum
Saturated …Saturated … Contain the maximum Contain the maximum
solute possiblesolute possible
Supersaturated …Supersaturated … Contain more solute Contain more solute
than the maximumthan the maximum
Growing CrystalsGrowing Crystals
1.1. Make a saturated Make a saturated solutionsolution
2.2. Place your seed Place your seed crystal in the crystal in the containercontainer
3.3. Slowly allow the Slowly allow the solution to evaporatesolution to evaporate
TonightTonight
Read 15.1 – 15.3 (pp. 467-473)Read 15.1 – 15.3 (pp. 467-473)
Complete the Complete the Solutions …Introductory Solutions …Introductory ConceptsConcepts worksheet worksheet