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  • 8/13/2019 Cover Crops_ Cover Crop Types

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    12/19/13 Cover Crops: Cover Crop Types

    omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm 1/2

    Cover Crops:Cover Crop Types

    Table of Contents

    1. Cover Crop Types

    Grasses

    Legumes

    Non-Legume Broadleaves

    2. Related Links

    Cover Crop Types

    The cover crops examined here are evaluated for conventional cover crop usage - as cover crops, green manure

    crops and other soil improving uses. Perennial covers such as those used for orchard floor management are notincluded. Futher information on perennial orchard cover crops can be found in OMAFRA Pub 360 Fruit Production

    Recommendations on page 37, Publication 310 Integrated Pest Management For Ontario Apple Orchards page

    28 and OMAFRA Factsheet - Soil Management for Orchards and Vineyards, Order No. 92-120. Many of these

    covercrops may also have uses as rotational or cash crops.

    Grasses

    Grasses have fine, fibrous root systems that are well suited to holding soil in place and improving soil structure.

    Suitable grass species for cover crops are fast growing and relatively easy to kill, either chemically,

    mechanically or by winter weather. Grasses do not fix any nitrogen out of the atmosphere, but they can

    accumulate large quantities from the soil. Grass cover crops that are commonly used in Ontario are:

    Figure 1 - Rye Figure 2 - Winter wheat Figure 3 - Oats Figure 4 - Barley

    Figure 5 - Sorghum sudan Figure 6 - Ryegrass Figure 7 - Other (corn, pearlmillet)

    Legumes

    Legume cover crops can fix nitrogen from the air, supplying nitrogen to the succeeding crop as well as

    protecting the soil from erosion and adding organic matter. The amount of nitrogen fixed varies between

    species, although generally, more top growth equals more nitrogen fixed. Some legume species have

    aggressive tap roots which can break up subsoil compaction, but this requires more than one years growth to

    happen. Commonly used legume cover crops include:

    Figure 8 - Red Clover Figure 9 - Alfalfa Figure 10 - Sweet Clover

    Figure 11 - HairyVetch

    Figure 12 - Field Peas Figure 13 - Other (soybeans, white clover,crimson clover, berseem clover)

    http://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/redclover.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/sorghum.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/rye.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/92-120.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm#relatedhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm#cover%20crop%20typeshttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/hairyvetch.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/other_legumes.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/other_legumes.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/fieldpeas.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/hairyvetch.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/hairyvetch.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/sweetclover.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/sweetclover.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/alfalfa.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/alfalfa.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/redclover.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/redclover.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/other_grasses.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/other_grasses.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/ryegrass.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/ryegrass.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/sorghum.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/sorghum.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/barley.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/barley.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/oats.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/oats.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/winter_wheat.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/winter_wheat.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/rye.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/rye.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/92-120.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm#relatedhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm#nonhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm#legshttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm#grasshttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm#cover%20crop%20types

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    Non-Legume Broadleaves

    These broadleaf crops may have a role as green manure crops and in providing a different plant species and

    root system for soil building. They cannot fix nitrogen out of the air, but they can absorb large quantities from

    the soil. Most of these crops are not winter-hardy, so additional control measures are not normally required.

    However do not allow them to go to seed, as the volunteer seed can become a significant weed problem.The

    following are the common non-legume broadleaf cover crops found in Ontario.

    Figure 14 -Buckwheat

    Figure 15 - OilseedRadish

    Figure 16 - OtherBrassicas

    Figure 17 - Marigold

    Related Links

    Cover Crop Seed Suppliers

    Cover Crop Seeds Available

    Soil Management and Fertilizer Use: Cover Crops

    Soil Management

    Soil Water Management

    Publication 75, Guide to Weed Control

    Midwest Cover Crop Council Cover Crop Decision Tool

    For more information:

    Toll Free: 1-877-424-1300

    E-mail: [email protected]

    mailto:[email protected]://www.mccc.msu.edu/selectorINTRO.htmlhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub75/pub75toc.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/soils/conserve.htmlhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/soils/manage.htmlhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub811/2cover.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/resource/covercrps.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/resource/covercrp.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/marigold.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/marigold.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/other_brassicas.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/other_brassicas.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/oil_radish.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/oil_radish.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/buckwheat.htmhttp://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/buckwheat.htm

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