Chemistry - Mendoza

Chapter 3- Matter, Properties, and Changes

Section 3.1- Properties of Matter3.1 Vocabulary

States of matterSolidLiquidGasVaporPhysical propertyExtensive propertyIntensive propertyChemical propertyNeed to review: _______________________________

Main Idea Most____________________ substances exist as solids, liquids, and gases, which have diverse physical and chemical properties.

SubstancesMatter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter is everything around us.

Matter with a uniform and ________________________is a ____________.

States of MatterThe physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the _______________________________.

_______________ are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume

_______________are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container.

______________ have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container.

• _____________refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature. (Which is correct: water gas or water vapor?)

• ____________ - formed at________ temperatures; _____________phase of matter as found in the sun

• Three _________________

3.1 Properties of Matter• Properties are words that __________________ and come in two varieties.

• Physical

• Chemical

Physical Properties• A _____________________ is a characteristic that can be observed or

measured ________________________________________________.

• Examples of Physical Properties

o Color

o Hardness

o Melting point

o Boiling point

o Mass

o Volume

o Density

• Do you change the material’s composition by observing or measuring these properties?

• ________________________ are ___________________________ of substance present, such as mass, length, volume, amount of calories.

• __________________________ are __________________________ of substance present, such as density, hardness, boiling point.

• Depend on the _________ of matter, not the amount present

Chemical Properties of Matter• The ability of a substance to _________________or __________________

one or more other substances is called a ___________________________.

• Examples of Chemical Propertieso Iron forming rusto Copper turning green in the air

• Ability to:o burn (__________________)o Decomposeo Fermento React with

• Do you change the material’s composition by observing or measuring these properties?

Observing Properties of Matter• ______________________________–an important concept in chemistry.

• Chemical properties can change with specific ________________________, such as temperature and pressure.

3.1 CheckDensity is what kind of property?

A. atomic B. intensiveC. extensiveD. dependent

What defines a gas? A. Gases have a definite volume

and shape.

B. Gases have a definite volumebut take the shape of their container.

C. Gases have no definite volume orshape.

D. Gases have a definite shape but no definite volume.

3.2 Changes in MatterReview Vocabulary :

____________________ - orderly, direct information gathering about a phenomenon

New VocabularyPhysical ChangePhase ChangeChemical ChangeLaw of Conservation of Mass

Main Idea: Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes.

Physical Changes• A change that alters a substance without changing its composition is known

as a __________________________.

• ______________________________________________________

• Is boiled water still water?

• Can be __________________, or __________________________

• A _________________________ is a transition of matter from one state to another.

• Boiling, freezing, melting, and condensing all describe phase changes in chemistry.

• Changes between _____________________ of matter

Chemical Changes• A change that involves one or more substances turning into new substances

is called a ________________________.

• Decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, or oxidizing are all terms that describe chemical changes.

• ____________ and ____________are often evidence of a chemical change.

Conservation of Mass• The _____________________________________ states that mass is

neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, it is conserved.

• The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.

_______________________________

Chemical Reactions are…

• When one or more substances are changed into _____________________.

• __________________ - the substance(s) you____________ with

• __________________ - the substance(s) you__________

• The products will have ________________________ different from the reactants you started with

• _______________ points from the reactants to the new products

Recognizing Chemical Changes

1) ____________ is absorbed or released (temperature ____________ hotter or colder)

2) ___________ changes

3) ___________ production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke)

4) formation of a _________________ - a ____________ that separates from solution (won’t dissolve)

5) _____________________ - not easily reversed

But, there are examples of these that are not chemical – boiling water bubbles, etc.

3.2 CheckWhen one substances turns into another, what kind of change has taken place?

A. chemical reaction B. physical reactionC. extensive reactionD. nuclear reaction

The law of conservation of mass states that:

A. Matter can be created and destroyed.

B. Matter can be created but not destroyed.

C. The products of a reaction always have a greater mass than the reactants.

D. The products of a reaction must have the same mass as the reactants.

3.3 Mixtures of Matter• Review Vocabulary

_____________________- a form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition; also known as a pure substance

• New VocabularyMixtureHeterogeneous MixtureHomogeneous MixtureSolutionFiltrationDistillationCrystallizationSublimationChromatrography

• Main Idea - Most everyday matter occurs as mixtures—physical combinations of two or more substances.

• A__________________ is a ____________________________ of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.

• A ______________________________ is a mixture where the __________________________________________throughout.

• Homogeneous mixtures are also called ____________________.

• Examples: Kool-aid, air, salt water

• Every part keeps it’s own properties.

• A _________________________________ is a mixture where the individual substances remain distinct.

• Examples – Chocolate chip cookies, gravel, soil.

3.3 Separating Mixtures• Some mixtures can be separated easily by_________________ means:

• rocks and marbles,

• iron filings and sulfur (use______________)

• Differences in ___________________________ can be used to separate mixtures.

• _______________________ is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.

• separates a solid from the liquid in a __________________mixture (by __________)

• ___________________ is a separation technique for homogeneous mixtures that is based on the _________________________________ of substances.

• ________________________ is a separation technique for homogenous mixtures that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance.

• ______________________ is the process of a solid changing directly to a gas, which can be used to separate mixtures of solids when one sublimates and the other does not.

• _____________________ is a technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of tendency of each to travel across the surface of another material.

• Example – Separating components of dyes, ink, pigments.

3.3 CheckWhich is NOT a technique for separating a homogenous mixture?

A. crystallization B. distillation

C. filtrationD. chromatography

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

A. seawater B. silver mercury amalgamC. atmosphereD. salad dressing

3.4 Elements and CompoundsReview Vocabulary • __________________ the relation of one part to another or to the

whole with respect to quantity

New VocabularyElementPeriodic TableCompoundLaw of Definite ProportionsPercent by MassLaw of Multiple Proportions

Main Idea - A compound is a chemical combination of two or more elements.

Elements• An _________________ is a pure substance that cannot be separated into

simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

• _______ elements occur naturally on Earth.

• Each element has a unique name and a one, two, or three-letter symbol.

• The _______________________ organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called _________________ and vertical columns called _______________.

Compounds• A___________________ is a made up of two or more elements

___________________________.

• Most of the matter in the universe exists as compounds.

• Table salt, NaCl, and water, H2O, are compounds.

Elements vs Compounds• Elements can ____________________________ into simpler substances.

• Compounds can be ____________________________ by chemical means.

Electrolysis of water will form______________ and_____________.

The properties of a compound are ______________ from its component elements.

Classification of MatterSymbols & Formulas

• Currently, there are _________elements (92 naturally occurring)

• Elements have a 1 or two letter ______________, and compounds have a ________________.

• An element’s first letter always _________________; if there is a second letter, it is written_________________: B, Ba, C, Ca, H, He

• Start learning the elements names and symbols

• Some names come from____________, _____________ or other languages

Law of Definite Proportions• The ______________________________________ states that a compound

is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.

• The relative amounts are expressed as ____________________, the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage.

• This table demonstrates that the percentages of elements in sucrose remain the same despite differences in sample amount.

Law of Multiple Proportions• The _____________________________________ states that when

different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in whole number ratios.

– H2O2 and H2O

– Copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride

3.4 CheckWhat is a period on the periodic table of the elements?

A. a vertical columns B. even numbered elements only C. horizontal rows D. the last vertical column only

An element is a substance that cannot be

A. divided into simpler substances. B. combined to form a mixture. C. combined to form an element. D. different phases.