courts and alternative dispute resolution chapter 2
DESCRIPTION
Jurisdiction The authority of a court to hear and decide a specific action juris = “law” + diction = “to speak”. The “judicial power” or authority to act.TRANSCRIPT
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Courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Chapter 2
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Judicial Review
• Judicial Review was established by the U.S. Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803) where Chief Justice Marshall wrote:– “It is emphatically the province and duty
of the judiciary to say what the law is….”
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Jurisdiction• The authority of a court to hear and decide a
specific action • juris = “law” + diction = “to speak”.• The “judicial power” or authority to act.
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Personal Jurisdiction• Personal (or in personam) jurisdiction
primarily is based on geography.• Courts have personal jurisdiction over
persons residing and/or doing business within a particular county, district, or state.
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Personal JurisdictionLong-Arm Statutes • nonresidents of a state • subject to courts in other state• based on “minimum contacts” See Case 3.1 (page 68)
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Personal Jurisdiction• “Where” is business on the internet located?• “Sliding Scale Test”
• Substantial business conducted within state• Some interactivity • Passive advertising
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Subject Matter Jurisdiction• The authority of a court to hear and decide
the particular dispute before it.• A court’s subject matter jurisdiction is
usually defined in the statute or constitution creating the court.
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Subject Matter Jurisdiction• Limits to a trial court’s subject matter
jurisdiction:–The amount in controversy–The subject of the lawsuit–Whether the crime alleged is a
misdemeanor or felony
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Subject Matter Jurisdiction• Concurrent Jurisdiction - When one or more
federal court and one or more state court have subject matter jurisdiction over the same dispute.
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Jurisdiction of Federal Courts• Federal district courts have two types of
subject matter jurisdiction:–Federal question jurisdiction –Diversity jurisdiction
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Jurisdiction of Federal Courts• Federal Question Jurisdiction
–Arises if a case involves an alleged violation of the U.S. Constitution, federal statute or regulation, or a treaty.
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Jurisdiction of Federal Courts• Diversity Jurisdiction:
–The amount in controversy exceeds $75,000; and
–The lawsuit is between citizens of different states or citizens of a state and citizens of a foreign country.
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Exclusive and Concurrent Jurisdiction
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Structure of Federal Courts and Most State Court Systems
Supreme Court
Courts of Appeals
District Courts
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Original Jurisdiction• The authority of a court to hear and decide a
dispute in the first instance.• Generally speaking, trial courts are courts
of original jurisdiction, although the Supreme Court of the United States has original jurisdiction over a few types of disputes.
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Appellate Jurisdiction• The authority of a court to review a prior
decision in the same case made by another court.
• The decision is binding on that court and any court below it.
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Appellate JurisdictionAppellate courts do not:
–have a witness stand–have a jury box–hear any new testimony– admit any new evidence
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Appellate Jurisdiction• The party that loses before an intermediate
appellate court may appeal that court’s ruling to the jurisdiction’s supreme court or its equivalent.
• However, supreme court review is optional by the supreme court.
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U. S. Courts of Appeals and U. S. District Courts
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Supreme Court Review
Supreme Court Review• Discretionary Review (Writ of Certiorari)• Rule of Four• Petitions Granted
Usually: -Important Constitutional Question-Conflict with other state or
federal decisions
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Texas Court System
T e xa s S u pre m e Co u rtCIVIL CASES
T e xa s C ou r t o f C r im ina l A p pe a lsCRIM INAL CASES
L im ited Ju r isd ictionC o u r ts
S ta te T r ia l C ou r ts S ta te A g e nc ies
S ta te C o u r ts o f A p pe a lB o th C iv il & C rim in a l
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Venue• Within a particular jurisdiction, the most
appropriate location for a trial to be held and from which a jury will be selected.
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Standing to Sue
• StandingAn individual must have a legal and tangible stake in the controversy
• Justiciable controversyThe controversy must be actual (the courts will not decide a hypothetical situation)
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Alternative Dispute Resolution• Alternative Dispute Resolution (or “ADR”)
is a variety of methods that seek to resolve disputes without resorting to a costly jury trial.
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Alternative Dispute Resolution• Negotiation - between the parties directly,
with or without attorneys.
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Alternative Dispute Resolution• Mediation - Non-binding procedure
utilizing the services of a neutral third party to assist negotiations.
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Alternative Dispute Resolution• Arbitration - A binding form of mediation
utilizing either one person or a panel of persons chosen by the court or agreed to by the parties (or both).
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Courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution
End of Chapter 2