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7/28/2019 Courses Rfdt Care

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CRL702 Architectures andAlgorithms for DSP Systems4 credits (2-0-4)Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

System (DSP tasks; DSP processors and

embodiments; Representation of DSPalgorithms -block diagram, signal flowgraph, data flow graph, dependencegraph). Numeric Representation andArithmetic Operation Format (Fixed point

and floating point representations;Extended precision; Floating pointemulation; Q notation; Fixed point andfloating point arithmetic operations).Architecture of Programmable Digital

Signal Processors ( Central processingunit- Data and program memoryfeatures; Peripheral interfacing,;Execution control). Digital signal

Processor specific Assembly languageprogramming(Instruction types;

Addressing modes. Assembly languageprogramming for specific fixed / floatingpoints DSP processor; Pipelining). DSPAlgorithms (Convolution and FFT;Methods for generation of elementary

functions; Pseudo-random numbergeneration.) Analysis and Optimizationof DSP Algorithms and Systems (Loopbound and iteration bound; Retimingtransformation; Unfolding transforma-tion from data flow graph- folding

transformation; Performance

optimization using pipelining and / orparallel processing,) Software Design forLow power (Sources of powerconsumption in a programmable DSP;)Software power estimation; Software

optimization techniques for low power).

Practicals: Familiarization withassembly language programming toolsof chosen DSP Processor, Numberrepresentation formats and arithmetic

operations, Basic DSP operations:Filtering, FFT, Random Number andother function generation algorithms,

Laboratory Project.

CRL704 Sensor Array SignalProcessing3 credits (3-0-0)Representation of Space- Time Signals(Coordinate systems; propagatingwaves; wave number-frequency space;

random fields; noise assumptions.)signal Modeling and Optimal Filters(Auto-regressive (AR), Moving average(MA), ARMA models; Autocorrelationand power spectral density (PSD) ofrandom processes; linear minimum

mean square and linear least squareserror estimator; solution of normal

equations; optimum filter; matched

filters.) Adaptive Filter Theory (Motivation

and applications; method of steepestdescent; least mean squares adaptivefilters; recursive least squares adaptivefilters; Convergence issues andperformance analysis.) Power Spectrum

Estimation (Nonparametric methods;Estimation of autocorrelation functionand PSD using periodogram; Blackman-Tukey and Welch- Barlett methods;Parametric methods : Model orderselection; PSD estimation using rationalspectral models; MUSIC ESPRIT).Signal

Shaping for Transmission(Representation of band pass signals;band pass sampling theorem; ComplexEnvelope; Ambiguity function and itsproperties; Considerations in signal

shaping.) Array Processing (Array signalmodeling; sensor array; geometries;

spatial; sampling; beam forming- spatialand space-time filtering; array aperture;delay and sum beam forming; filter andsum beam forming; frequency domain

beam forming; optimum beam forming:MVDR beam former, Generalized side-lobe canceller; Adaptive beam forming).

CRL705 Advanced SensorArray signal Processing3 credits (3-0-0)Introduction: Motivating examples,history of array signal processing, wavepropagation, mathematical model, basic

notations, assumptions, and problemformulation. DOA Estimation Problem:Basic estimation methods, beamformingtechniques, subspace techniques, MLtechniques (Deterministic andstochastic), some special techniques forULAs, coherent, wideband, nearfield,

spread etc, sources, Beamforing:Classical methods, subspacetechniques, space time beamforming.Special techniques for ULA, widebandetc, sources. Detection of number of

signals Classical methods, subspacemethods, Array design techniques.

CRL707 Human and MachineSpeech Communication3 credits (3-0-0)Introduction; (Human-machine speechcommunications aspects; speech chain,digital representations of speech;intensity level of sound). Speechproduction (anatomy and physiology ofspeech organs; articulatory phonetics;

acoustic phonetics; phoneticstranscription; universal speechproduction model.) speech signalanalysis (Time domain methods;

Frequency domain methods; Pitch

estimation spectrogram analysis;

Cepstrum analysis;). Linear prediction

coding (Least squares autocorrelation

CENTRE FOR APPLIED RESEARCH IN ELECTRONICS

and covariance methods; Line spectral

frequencies). Psychoacoustics and

auditory perception (Hearing; critical

bands; phenomena of masking; Mel

scale; perceptually important features of

speech; prosodic features). Speechsignal coding (Speech coder attributes;

Coding rates; PCM; ADPCM; CELP;

Harmonic coding of speech; Coding

standards). Evaluation of speech quality

(Dependancies of quality; Objective and

subjective quality evaluation measures;

Objective evaluation of subjective

quality).

Speech synthesis (Limited and

unrestricted text to speech synthesis;

Articulatory synthesis; Concatenative

synthesis; Incorporation of prosody).

Automatic Speech recognition (Patternrecognition approach; Dynamic time

warping; Feature extraction; HMM;

Language models). Speaker recognition

(Verification vs. recognition, recognition

techniques; features that distinguish

speakers).

CRL711 CAD of RF andMicrowave Circuits4 credits (3-0-2)Review of basic microwave theory:

Transmission Lines and waveguides -

Concepts of characteristic impedance,

reflection coefficient, standing andpropagating waves. Modes and

evanescent waves, Network analysis:

S,Z, and other multi-port parameters,

impedance matching and tuning.

Implementation in simulators. Planar

transmission lines: Quasi-static analysis,

full wave analysis, and numerical

techniques. Discontinuities, equivalent

circuits, use of simulators. Simple

printed couplers, filters, power dividers.

Implementation with lumped elements

at RF. Simulation of structures on HFSS,

and optimization.

Practicals : Design and fabrication of

band pass filter using SERENADE.

Design and fabrication of wilkinson

power divider using SERENADE.

Design and fabrication of ring coupler

using SERENADE. Design and

fabrication of NRD guide band pass filter

using HFSS.

CRL712 RF and MicrowaveAct ive Circuits3 credits (3-0-0)Small signal amplifiers- low noise,

maximum gain, stability, Broad bandamplifiers- matching circuits, travellingwave amplifiers. Power amplifiers-Efficiency, CAD, device modeling,


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measurement. Mixers- Single ended,balanced, double balanced, differentconfigurations for microstrip, waveguideetc., noise properties, simulation usingharmonic balance, Oscillators- various

configurations depending on activedevice, stability and noise, resonators,VCO, transient analysis using SPICE,harmonic balance analysis, frequencysynthesis using DDS, PLL.

CRL713 Fundamentals of RFElectronics3 credits (2-0-2)Mathematical foundation inunderstanding of signal, microwavecircuits, and devices: Phase diagrams,duality, superposition, miller, Theveninand Norton Theorems, instantaneous,average, complex power their

representation nomenclature, Fourierseries, Laplace, Fourier and Ztransforms, convolution, correlation andbasic properties of Fourier transforms,transmission line theory, T and ITequivalent circuit, behavior oftransmission line at radio frequency.Physics and operation of bipolar, andMOS structures. DC and Low FrequencyCircuit Concepts: BJT Biasing, mode ofoperation small signal AC analysis. FETcircuits at DC, AC analysis, first andsecond order AC models of FETs, highfrequency models of BJT and FETs,single pole approximation, differentialamplifiers, and frequency response,Circuit Representation of Two Port RF/Microwave Networks. :Impedance,Admittance, Hybrid, Transmission Matrix,Generalized S parameters, ReciprocalNetworks, Loss less Networks, SignalFlow graphs and its Applications, GainConsideration in Amplifiers, ImpedanceMatching and network selection: powergain concept, mismatch factor, returnloss, input/output VSWR, maximum gain,constant gain design, figure of merit,matching network design using lumpedand distributed elements, stability

consideration in active networks. Base-band and Pulse Signaling: Sampling,quantizing and encoding, digital Signalformats: binary coding, differentialcoding, bit synchronization, multilevelsignaling, intersymbol interference,differential pulse code modulation, deltamodulation time division multiplexing,pulse time, pulse width, pulse positionmodulation, Amplitude and FrequencyModulation: Amplitude modulation,Double sideband suppressed carrier,Asymmetric sideband sigals, phase/frequency modulation, narrowband

angle modulation wideband frequencymodulation. Band pass Digital Signaling:( OOK, BPSK, DPSK), multilevel signaling(QPSK, MPSK, QAM), minimum-shift

keying (MSK) and comparison of bandpass digital signaling systems, band passsampling, filtering and linear distortion.

Practicals: Design, simulation (P spice),realization and characterization of high

gain differential amplifier used in the firststage of an operational amplifier. Thiswill involve design and simulation of acurrent source, extraction spiceparameters, gain characterization etc.,Comparison of coding schemes, self-correcting codes, assembly languageprogramming, operation a system in aclosed loop for investigating thematched filtering performance, detectingthe signal in a noisy environment. Thealready developed for RF Identificationwill be used for this experiment, Designfabrication and characterization of an RF

antenna.

CRL715 Radiating System forRF Communication3 credits (3-0-0)Antennas: radiation concepts, diploes,monopoles, Antenna parameters (gain,efficiency etc.)- theory, comparison withsimulators, and measured data forsimple antennas. Analysis andsynthesis of simple linear arrays.Optimizers. Equivalence theorems andapplication to horns and reflectors,comparison with simulations. Active andpassive electronic scanning antennas.

Microstrip and other printed antennas,analysis using equivalent circuit,numerical techniques. Broad bandprinted antennas, and other broad-bandantennas for ESM. Scattering by wedgeGTD, and application to short-rangecommunications.

CRP718 RF and MicrowaveMeasurement laboratory3 credits (0-0-6)Experiments based on measurement andinstrumentation techniques using:oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers,network analyzers, lock-in-amplifiers,waveform generators, bit-error rate andS/N measurement, antennacharacterization, telemetry, datarecorders and display, etc, Experimentsbased on various sensors used incharacterization of RF materials, devices,circuits and systems: acoustic, ultrasonic,magnetic, electrical, thermal, optical,radiation, and smart sensors, etc.

CRL720 Surface AcousticWave Devices andApplications3 credits (3-0-0)

Prerequisite : ElementaryBackground in Signal Processings.Signal Processing fundamentals.Surface wave propagation in anisotropic

materials. Excitation and detection ofRayleigh waves in piezoelectricmaterials. Analysis of interdigitaltransducers. Masons equivalent circuit.Delta function model. Cross field model.Impulse response model. Sampling andsurface wave transducers. Band passfilter : Amplitude/phase weighting,Building block, Ramez exchange andoptimization design techniques. Filterbanks. Chirp filters: linear/non-linearfrequency modulation schemes,reflective dot/array compressors phasecoded devices, pulse compressionmodules and their application in radars.Realization of spectrum analyzers,frequency hopping and FFT processorsusing the chirp transducers. Propagationeffects in materials : diffraction and beamsteering, formulation using angular

spectrum of plane waves, diffracted fieldsin the parabolic approximations.

Charge transport by Surface AcousticWaves in GaAs. Acoustic charge transferdevice structure, operation andapplications.

CRL721 Analog/RF ICModeling and Design3 credits (2-0-2)Amplifier fundamentals in CMOS,Bipolar and BiCMOS technologies.SiGe- Heterojunction Bipolar Transistorsfor RF applications and their noiseperformance, Trans-receiver buildingblocks for CMOS, Bipolar and BiCMOS.Low voltage, Low noise, Low powertechniques in RF CMOS sub microndesign receiver Architecture, RF/ Baseband filtering and compensation. LNAsand VCOs at RF-Design and Limitations,Direct conversion, Image rejection, subsampling mobile and cellularcommunication. Multimode, multi-bandcommunication 3G communication.

Practicals: Design and characterizationof a high gain (20,000) differentialAmplifier, Design and Simulation of highgain high frequency SiGe Double HeteroStructures Transistors, Characterizationand simulation of a communication link,coding schemes, self correcting codesand auto-correlation process, Designand characterization of an integratedtransmit receive module, Sampling, subsampling, band pass sampling andspectrum characterization.

CRP722 RF and MicrowaveSolid State Devices3 credits (3-0-0)Review of basic concepts insemiconductor device operation ;

energy-band diagram, drift and diffusioncurrent, generation recombinationexcess carriers, and p-n junction theory.Schottky barrier diode: formation of

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metal-semiconductor barrier, Schottky-Mott theory and modification, metal-semiconductor interface, silicides-Siinterface, effect of interface states, currentflow through barrier, forward and reversebias I-V, C-V characterisics,measurement of barrier height. Schottkydiode device structures and technologyOhmic contact formation. Varactor diode,equivalent circuit, C-V characteristics forlinearly graded, abrupt, and hyperabrupt p-n junction, cut-off frequency. P-I-N diode general considerations, I-Vand C-V characteristics. IMPATT diode,principle of operation, small signalimpedance, power conversionefficiency, diode structure andfabrication. Transferred electron devices,differential negative resistance effect,Gunn diode. GaAS MESFETs, basicdevice structure, theory of operationequivalent circuit and analysis. SiliconMOSFETs: brief review of MOSFETtheory, Passive design and operation,high frequency structures SOI basedMOSFETs. Passive components in RFtechnology (inductors, capacitors),MMICs.

CRP723 FabricationTechniques for RF &Microwave Devices3 credits (1-0-4)Concept of process flow in IC fabrication,representative process flow for diode/MOSFET. High temperature processes;

oxidation, diffusion, and annealing. Useof masks in IC fabrication, mask designand fabrication., Photolithographyprocesses. Chemical etching processes:dry and wet etching. Vacuum andvacuum systems. Thin films in ICprocessing, resistive evaporation, e-beam, RF and DC sputtering processes.Concept of test chip design and processparameter extraction.

Practicals: Vacuum system, Thermalevaporation, DC/RF sputtering, Maskmaking techniques: Coordinatograph/

Photo-plotter first Reduction Camera,Step and Repeat process,Photolithography process, Etchingtechniques, Oxidation/ diffusionprocesses, Diode fabrication, BandPass filter fabrication, Measurementequipment calibration.

CRL724 RF and MicrowaveMeasurement SystemTechniques3 credits (3-0-0)Review of measurement andinstrumentation basics. Principles andapplications of various sensors used in

characterization of RF materials,

devices, circuits and system: acoustic,ultrasonic, magnetic, electrical, thermal,optical, radiation and smart sensors.,Mechanical and thermal engineeringissues for RF modules/ instruments.Instrumentation concepts andmeasurement techniques in:Oscilloscopes, Spectrum analyzers,Network analyzer, Lock-in-amplifiers,Waveform generators, Bit-error ratemeasurement, S/N measurementTalemetry, Data recording and display,Recent advances in RF and Microwavemeasurement Techniques.

CRL725 Technology of RF andMicrowave Solid state Devices3 credits (3-0-0)Review of semiconductor deviceprocessing technologies: processsequence development for a

representative MOS technology,overview of oxidation, diffusion, maskmaking, pattern transfer, etching,metallization etc., process integration.Techniques of metallization: Introductionto vacuum systems. Sputtering (DC,RFand magnetron), e-beam evaporationfor ohmic and Schottky. Contactformation, silicides for gate andinterconnect. Fine line lithographyprocess: optical lithography, x-ray ande-beam lithography, lift-off techniques.Wet and plasma assisted etchingtechniques, RIE, RIBE. Introduction toIon Implantation, Molecular Beam

Epitaxy. Chemical Vapour Deposition(epitaxial growth, polycrystalline, silicon,dielectric films, flow pressure and plasmachemical deposition). GaAs MESFETtechnology. Introduction to MEMEStechnology.

CRL726 RF MEMS Design andTechnology3 credits (3-0-0)Introduction and origin of MEMS, drivingforce for MEMS development,fabrication process. MEMS fabricationtechnologies: Conventional ICfabrication processes, bulk micro

machining, surface micro machining,LIGA process, anodic and fusionbonding, packaging techniques forMEMS. Sensors, Classification andterminology of sensors, evolution ofsemiconductor sensors, sensorcharacterization basic concept ofacoustic, mechanical, magnetic,radiation, thermal sensors andintegrated sensors. Actuation in MEMSdevices, electrostatic actuation, parallelplate capacitor-cantilever beam basedmovement, comb-drive structures. TheMEM switch; Cantilever based MEM

switch, Membrane based switch design

microwave material and mechanicalconsiderations. The MEMS switch;cantilever based MEMS switch,membrane based switch design,microwave, material and mechanicalconsiderations. Microwave transmissionlines, membrane supported micro-stripline, coplanar waveguide, micro-machined waveguide, inductors,capacitors and tunable capacitors. MEMSbased RF and microwave circuits: phaseshifter, resonators, filters, oscillators.

CRL728 RF and ElectronicSystem Design Techniques3 credits (3-0-0)Economics of Wireless and FixedCommunication systems, BuildingBlocks of RF Systems, super componentdesign. Spread SpectrumCommunication and Channel Modeling.

Advanced Receiver Algorithms., ReedSolomon codes and Modulation.,Wireless Application Protocols. WAPServices and Applications. PersonalCommunication Systems and GlobalPositioning Systems. CDMA andBluetooth system Simulation. systemson Chip. 3 G Systems.

CRL731 Selected Topics inRFDT- I3 credits (3-0-0)

CRL732 Selected Topics inRFDT- II3 credits (3-0-0)

CRL733 Selected Topics inRFDT- III3 credits (3-0-0)

CRS735 Independent Study3 credits (0-3-0)

CRL737 Selected Topics inRadars and Sonars3 credits(3-0-0)The Radar and Sonar Equations: BasicSystem parameters; Radar and SonarApplications. High resolution imagingsonars: Sidelook sonar, Sector-scansonar, Modulation scanning techniques,

synthetic aperture sonar, CTFM/FMCWprinciple. Modern Navigation andpositioning techniques. The DopplerEffect, FM-CW Radar, MTI Radar, PulseDoppler Radar, tracking and Monopulseradar, Scattering and radar cross-section, radar clutter and combatingclutter.

CRD802 Minor Project3 credits (0-0-6)

CRD811 Major Project-I6 credits (0-0-12)

CRD812 Major Project-II

12 credits (0-0-24)

Applied Research in Electronics

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