course information booklet for masters course on energy
TRANSCRIPT
Course Information Booklet
for
Masters Course on Energy Efficient Building Design
At
Kathmandu University
Contributors:
Department of Mechanical Engineering (DoME)
Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering (DCGE)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (DoEEE)
Date: 2017 March
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Core Courses (Code: CC) ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.1. Renewable Energy Resources (CC1) ................................................................................................................. 3
1.2. Building Thermal Physics (CC2) ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.3. HVAC Basics (CC3) ............................................................................................................................................ 9
1.4. Energy Efficient Building Design (CC4) ............................................................................................................ 12
1.5. Building Standards (CC5) ................................................................................................................................. 15
2. Elective Courses (Code: EC) ................................................................................................................... 19
2.1. Low Temperature Solar Thermal Technology (EC1) ........................................................................................ 19
2.2. Energy Audit and Management (EC2) .............................................................................................................. 21
2.3. Building Renovation (EC3)................................................................................................................................ 24
2.4. Building Structural Physics (EC4) ..................................................................................................................... 26
2.5. Retrofitting Buildings to Save Energy (EC5) ..................................................................................................... 29
2.6. Illumination Engineering (EC6) ......................................................................................................................... 33
2.7. Solid State Lighting (EC7)................................................................................................................................. 35
2.8. Energy Management and Technology MPOE 502 (EC8) ................................................................................. 37
2.9. Solar Photovoltaic systems (EC9) .................................................................................................................... 38
2.10. Biomass engineering (EC10) .......................................................................................................................... 40
1. Core Courses (Code: CC)
1.1. Renewable Energy Resources (CC1)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 45
Course Objective:
This is an introductory course to the renewable energy resources that will provide a scientific evaluation
and understanding of the renewable energy sources, technology, policy and applications. The analysis
technique and tools for the system design and selection of renewable energy application will be provided.
The course basically covers society’s present need and future energy demands, global and national energy
sources and demand, ecological, economic, political and environmental issues around the use of
renewable energy sources, renewable energy resources for instance solar, biomass, biogas, wind,
geothermal, micro hydro etc. will be discussed in terms of technology and system design and application
perspectives. Available hands-on laboratory exercises will be included.
Course Details:
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1.
Energy Overview in National and Global Context
1.1. National and Global Energy Resources and
Consumption
1.2. Future requirements of Energy and the role of
renewable sources of energy
1.3. Energy, sustainability and the environment
1.4. National renewable energy development policy
and strategy
5 Lecture
2.
Biomass Energy
2.1. Biomass and biofuels overview and applications
2.2. Application of biomass energy
2.3. Thermochemical, biochemical and agrochemical
5 Lecture
processes
2.4. Biomass properties and composition
2.5. Thermal conversion of biomass: Pyrolysis,
Gasification and Combustion
3.
Biogas Energy
3.1. Bioenergy from Waste
3.2. Overview of domestic biogas system and
applications
3.3. Biogas plant designs and sizing calculations
3.4. Biochemical process and biogas characteristics
3.5. Introduction to large biogas systems
5 Lecture
4.
Solar Thermal Energy
4.1. Concept of solar geometry and irradiation
4.2. Active and passive solar energy use and
application
4.3. Solar utilization in buildings
4.4. Solar thermal mathematics for collector design
4.5. Solar energy storage and application
6 Lecture and
Tutorial
5.
Solar Photovoltaic
5.1. Application of solar PV
5.2. Principle of solar energy conversion to electricity
5.3. Global Status and prospects of solar PV
5.4. Overview of three generation of PV development
5.5. Grid tied and off-grid PV systems
5.6. PV system design and calculations
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
6.
Wind Energy
6.1. Overview of wind energy and applications
6.2. Types of winds energy turbines
6.3. Wind power generation system
6.4. Wind resource assessment and energy
calculation
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
6.5. Wind farm design and site selection
7.
Wave, Tidal and Geothermal Energy
7.1. Overview of wave, tidal and geothermal energy
and applications
2 Lecture
8. Hands-on laboratory exercise 6
Lecture, Tutorial
and Laboratory
Works
9. Case Study (1st and 2nd) 6
Lecture, Tutorial
and Laboratory
Works
Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to explain main source of energy and their primary
application in global and national perspectives, describe the challenges and problems associated with the
use of various technologies and national policy for the development of renewable energy resources. They
should be able to describe the technology of each of the renewable energy sources, design and calculation
of the required system. They should also get familiar with various technologies through hands-on laboratory
experience.
References:
Twidell, J.W. and Weir, A. Renewable Energy Sources, EFN Spon Ltd., 2986.
Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy, Power for a Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press, Uk, 1996.
Duffie, A.J., Beckman, A. W. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley and Sons, 2013.
Kishore, VVN. Renewable Energy Engineering and Technology, Teri Press, New Delhi, 2002.
Bent Sorensen, Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Academic Press, 2011.
1.2. Building Thermal Physics (CC2)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 45
Description of the Course:
The course gives a comprehensive introduction into topics of Building Physics and basic building energy
calculations.
Content: Main topics of the course: Introduction to the building physics. Steady state heat flow through
opaque building constructions. Thermal bridges. Heat flow by radiation. Heat transfer of multi layered
building structures. Passive solar heating and passive cooling. Moisture flow in building constructions. Heat
transfer in non-steady state conditions. Building energy directives. Use of sun path diagrams. Building
physical aspects of the use of shading constructions. Basic characteristics of thermal comfort.
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1.
Introduction to the building physics
1.1. Subjects of Building Physics
1.2. Physical quantities
1.3. Energy balance equations
1.4. Climate Characteristics.
2 Lecture and
Tutorial
2.
One dimensional steady state heat transfer of
opaque building constructions
2.1. Fourier’s equation
2.2. Thermal conductivity and resistance
2.3. Convection
2.4. Definition and calculation of overall heat
transmission coefficient
2.5. Calculation of temperature distribution of
composite slabs.
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
3. Thermal bridges
3.1. Definition and classification of thermal bridges 4
Lecture and
Tutorial
3.2. Definition of self-scale temperature
3.3. Linear heat loss coefficient.
3.4. Diagnostic of thermal bridges by heat camera.
4.
Heat flow by radiation. Heat transfer and solar gain
of glass-structures
4.1. Basic laws of heat radiation
4.2. Thermal characteristics of glassed constructions
4.3. Greenhouse effect
4.4. Types and characteristics of passive solar
systems.
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
5.
Moisture transfer in building constructions.
5.1. Characteristics of moist air
5.2. Moisture effects in building constructions
5.3. Dalton’s law
5.4. Sorption and capillary condensation
5.5. Dew point
5.6. Vapor conductivity and resistance
5.7. Calculation of moisture transfer (condensation
zone).
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
6.
Heat transfer in non-steady state conditions.
6.1. Heat capacity
6.2. The characteristics of heat transfer in non–
steady state conditions.
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
7. International building energy directives.
7.1. Examples of building energy calculations.
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
8.
Use of sun path diagrams. Building physical aspects
of the use of shading constructions.
8.1. Stereographic sun path diagram
8.2. Waldram diagram
8.3. Solar control and shading devices
4 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
9. Natural ventilation. 4 Lecture and
9.1. The rule of natural ventilation in the building
energy balance 9.2. Properties of internal air quality
9.3. Types of natural ventilation system
9.4. Passive cooling.
Tutorial
10. Basic characteristics of thermal comfort
10.1. Factors of the indoor thermal comfort.
2 Lecture and
Tutorial
11. Case Study 1 3 Field Work and
Laboratory Works
12. Case Study 2 3 Field Work and
Laboratory Works
13. Students Presentation 2 Self-Learning
1.3. HVAC Basics (CC3)
Description of the Course:
The course gives a comprehensive introduction into topics of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Topics to be covered: The first topic is the understanding of psychrometric, which deals with the properties
of moist air, the presentation of air conditioning processes in the psychrometric chart, common basic
elements of HVAC systems and the types of systems. Since HVAC is used to maintain not only an
acceptable level of thermal comfort within a space but also a healthy environment, the conditions that
provide a comfortable and healthful indoor environment for humans are introduced. The design of an HVAC
system is dependent on a good estimate of the heat gain or loss in a space to be conditioned. The next
step is the determination of heat transmission in building structures and solar radiation, including overall
heat transfer coefficients, climate, solar angles, and solar irradiation. Then the maximum probable heat loss
(space heating load) in winter and heat gain (space cooling load) in summer are determined in order to size
the HVAC system.
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1.
Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
1.1. Thermodynamics of refrigeration
1.2. Refrigeration Cycles
1.3 Applications of Refrigeration
2 Lecture and Tutorial
2.
Introduction to HVAC Systems
2.1. Introduction to the Psychrometric chart
2.2. Basic Air-Conditioning system
2.3. Zoned Air-Conditioning System
2.4. Choosing an Air-Conditioning System
2.5. System Choice Matrix
3 Lecture and Tutorial
3.
Thermal comfort
3.1. Introduction to Thermal Comfort
3.2. Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort
3.3. Conditions for Comfort
2 Lecture and Tutorial
4. Ventilation and indoor air quality 4 Lecture, Tutorial and
4.1. Air Pollutants and Contaminants
4.2. Indoor air quality effects on health and comfort
4.3. Controlling indoor air quality
4.4. ASHRAE Standard for indoor air quality
Laboratory Works
5.
Single zone air handlers and unitary equipment
5.1. Introduction to zones, zone design and zone
control
5.2. Examples of buildings with single zone package
air conditioning unit
5.3. Air-handling unit components
5.4. Refrigeration equipment
5.5. System performance requirements
5.6. Rooftop unit and split systems
4 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
6.
Multiple zone air system
6.1. Single-duct, zoned reheat, constant volume
systems
6.2. Single-duct, variable air volume systems
6.3. By-pass box systems
6.4. Constant volume dual-duct, all-air systems
6.5. Multizone systems
6.6. Dual-duct, variable air volume system
4 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
7.
Hydronic system
7.1. Natural Convection and Low Temperature
Radiation Heating Systems
7.2. Panel Heating and Cooling
7.3. Fan Coils
7.4. Two Pipe Induction Systems
7.5. Water Source Heat Pumps
4 Lecture and Tutorial
8.
Energy conservation measure
8.1. Energy Considerations for Buildings
8.2. ASHRAE Standard
4 Lecture and Tutorial
8.3. Heat Recovery
8.4. Air-Side and Water-Side Economizers
8.5. Evaporative Cooling; 8.6. Control of Building
Pressure
9.
Cooling/heating load calculations 1
9.1. Estimation of Solar Radiation
9.2. Solar Radiation Through Fenestration -
Ventilation and Infiltration
4 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
10.
Cooling/heating load calculations 2
10.1. Heat Transfer through Buildings – Fabric Heat
Gain/Loss
10.2. Estimation of Required Cooling/Heating
Capacity
10.3. Selection of Air Conditioning Systems
6 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
11. Design of Ducts 3 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
12. Case Study 3 Field Work and
Laboratory Works
13. Students Presentation 2 Self-Learning
1.4. Energy Efficient Building Design (CC4)
Description of the Course:
Low energy design is to design buildings such that their form, fabric and interior spaces respond to the local
climate and utilize ambient energy to reduce load on building services. It will cover in detail passive building
design strategies for providing natural lighting, cooling and heating in buildings. Principles of building
physics that are required for understanding these have been introduced in earlier courses and in this
course specific strategies will be explained. Students will be familiarized with the key factors that need to be
considered while designing daylighting and design parameters that affect daylight factor distribution in a
space. An overview of the different techniques of enhancing daylighting in a building will be given to
students. Second part of the course will cover the subject of passive/low energy solar heating and cooling
systems. This will include an overview of the main design features of different types of systems, their
advantages and disadvantages and their applicability to different building types and climatic regions. At the
end of the course students will be able to develop an understanding of low energy building design to
provide natural lighting, cooling and heating in buildings.
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1.
Introduction to energy efficient buildings
1.1. Definition and concepts
1.2. Energy and Water as a resource
1.3. Criticality of resources and needs of modern
living
1.4. Envelop heat loss and heat gain and its
evaluation
1.5. Thermal Comport improvement methods; 1.6.
Optimum performance
2 Lecture and
Tutorial
2.
Daylighting
2.1. Daylighting (concept, components, relationship
between daylight and human health and benefits of
daylighting)
2.2. Sky condition models and their characteristics
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
2.3. Parameters for daylighting design (critical indoor
illuminance, critical outdoor illuminance level,
daylight factor distribution and glare)
2.4. Parameters affecting daylighting factor (room
depth, height of the window head, shading devices,
glazing type, reflectance of room surfaces)
2.5. Daylighting components (intermediate light
spaces, interior light spaces, lateral pass-through
components, zenithal pass-through components,
global pass-through components)
2.6. Control elements
3.
Passive/low energy heating systems
3.1. Principle of passive heating
3.2. Types of passive heating systems
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
4.
Passive/low energy cooling systems
4.1. Building design strategies to reduce cooling
demand
4.2. Types of passive cooling systems (Natural
ventilation, evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative
and earth cooling systems)
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
5.
Building Performance Modeling
5.1. Introduction to simulation tools
5.2. Weather simulation and analysis tool (Climate
Analysis, Solar Exposure analysis, Passive
strategies through psychometric chart)
5.3. Solar study and Daylight analysis
5
Lecture, Tutorial
and Laboratory
Works
6. Assessment of Building energy performance 5 Lecture and
Tutorial
7
Environmental impact of building materials
7.1. Life cycle costing
7.2. Embodied energy in building materials
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
7.3. Renewable materials
7.4. Recycled materials
7.5. Environmental construction impact
7.6. Demolition and refurbishment
8. Energy efficiency standards for building design 6 Lecture and
Tutorial
9 Case Study 5 Field Work and
Laboratory Works
10. Students Presentation 5 Self-Learning
1.5. Building Standards (CC5)
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1
Introductions
1.1. Introductions to buildings, types, components, codes,
philosophies, criteria’s, systems,
1.2. Building codes national and internationals
1.3. Code implementations past present and future
2 Lecture
2
Design Philosophy and Regulating Bodies
2.1. Introductions, governing bodies and practices
2.2. Existing and upcoming design philosophies
2.3. National code and standard regulating bodies and institutions
2.4. Efforts in implementation of codes in local areas
2.5. Scenario of existing buildings in context of code provision
requirements
4 Lecture
3
National Building Codes
3.1. Background information’s background of Nepal national building
code
3.2. Provisions of NBC, building code implementation in Nepal
3.3. Earthquake Safety Section
3.4. Stage-wise Building Permit Process
3.5. Supporting documents
3.6. Training programs
3.7. Onsite consultation for house owners and constructors
3.8. Public awareness programs
3.9. Publications
3.10. Action plan for building code implementation.
6 Lecture
4
Building Codes/Construction Standards and Permits
4.1. Introductions, national and international standards for the design
and theory behind them
4.2. Codes of residential construction
6 Lecture
4.3. Codes for earth buildings
4.4. Codes for steel buildings
4.5. Codes for high rise buildings
4.6. Codes for masonry and non-masonry buildings
4.7. Codes of load bearing buildings
4.8. Frames structures code
4.9. Code for earthquake considerations
4.10. Mandatory thumb rules
4.11. Code for loads, materials, design and others. (timber, steel,
earth and concrete constructions).
5
Types of Standards and Effectiveness
5.1. Civil standards
5.2. Architectural standards
5.3. Mechanical standards
5.4. Electrical standards
5.5. Structural standards
5.6. Commissioning. (timber, steel, earth and concrete constructions)
5.7. All the parts of the buildings from foundation soil treatment
5.8. Quality of materials
5.9. Material specifications
5.10. Workmanship considerations, foundation, superstructures,
internal components, roof, slab, floor. Frame structures, chimney,
staircase, elevator, accelerators, ramp, lift etc.
12 Lecture
6
Building Systems, Theory, and Managing the Building Process
6.1. Introductions, existing building systems, code provisions,
building systems
6.2. Team management for the building process
6.3. Building theory
6.4. Building materials specifications
6.5. Quality assurance and quality controls.
4 Lecture
7 Basic Requirements of The Buildings 4 Lecture
7.1. Introductions, ancient building scenario in Nepal
7.2. Building requirements such as safety, design considerations
7.3. Energy dissipations
7.4. Materials quality and specifications
7.5. Characteristics of the components of buildings
7.6. Design and maintenance specifications
7.7. Further improvement/ addition and expansion of the building
geometry specifications.
8
Substructures and Soil Foundation Interactions
8.1. Introduction of substructures in building systems
8.2. Soil parameters affection the design standards
8.3. Soil types
8.4. Foundation substrata standards
8.5. Effect of the foundation materials in the design philosophy
8.6. Type of structure based upon the substrata
8.7. Special consideration for soil foundation interactions
8.8. Protection against subsoil hazards
8.9. Special considerations.
4 Lecture
9
Earthquake Resistant Design Criteria and Standards for Earthquake
Mitigation in Nepal
9.1. Introduction to earthquake forces
9.2. Impact of the earthquake force as dynamic force in buildings
9.3. Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures
9.4. General provisions and buildings
9.5. Guideline for earthquake resistant designs
9.6. Indian standards on Earthquake engineering.
4 Lecture
10
Case Study for Existing Buildings
10.1. Introductions of the existing building system, load transfer
mechanism
10.2. Material and design specifications
10.3. Building design philosophy
4
Lecture
and
Laboratory
Works
10.4. Building performance
10.5. Limit of the building extension
10,6. Code requirement cross check
10.7. Preparation of report, presentation of the report, submitting the
field investigated report and actual findings, recommendations and
conclusions.
11
Extended Provisions for the Building Standards
11.1. Identification of the problems, correctly addressing the
investigated problems, identification of the approximate solution of
the problems
11.2. Future demand in building standards in Nepal, summary and
conclusions.
2 Lecture
References:
1. Building Design and Construction Handbook, Sixth Edition, By: Frederick S. Merritt, Jonathan T.
Ricketts.
2. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Seventh Edition By: R. Chudley MCIOB and R. Greeno
BA (Hons) FCIOB FIPHE FRSA.
3. National Nepal building code NBC 105:1994. Seismic design of building in Nepal.
4. Scottish Building Standards in Brief. By: Ray Tricker & Rozz Algar
5. Building Constructions Standards for South Africa.
6. Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (Revision 1.0)
7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Facilities Building Systems Design
Handbook
8. Urban Planning & Development Act, Building Code for Nepal, 2072
9. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Nepal Comprehensive Disaster Risk
Management Programme.
2. Elective Courses (Code: EC)
2.1. Low Temperature Solar Thermal Technology (EC1)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 45
Course Objective:
This course aim at providing specialized knowledge about solar thermal collector systems used for various
applications and its economic aspects. The students should be able to select various types of solar energy
collector systems and its application. Students will be equipped with the analysis technique and tools for
the solar energy collector system design and calculations.
Course Details:
S.N. TOPICS/CHAPTERS HOURS REMARKS
1
Solar Collectors
1.1. Overview of solar collectors’ technology and its
applications
1.2. Energy collections and heat transfer in solar collectors
1.3. Material characteristics and absorption coating in
collectors
1.4. Design and simulation
1.5. Storage Tank
10 Lecture and
Tutorial
2
Solar Water Heating System
2.1. Integral collector storage system
2.2. Thermosyphon system
2.3. Open loop, drain down, drain back systems
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
3
Solar Space Heating System
3.1. Liquid type solar heating system with and without storage
3.2. Heat storage configuration and heat delivery methods
3.3. Air type solar heating system
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
4 Solar Cooling System
4.1. Solar refrigeration and air conditioning system 4
Lecture and
Tutorial
5
Other Solar Applications
5.1. Solar cooking, distillation, pasteurization and solar ponds
5.2. Solar passive building architecture
5.3. Solar drying
6 Lecture and
Tutorial
6
Solar Economics
6.1. Feasibility analysis of solar systems
6.2. Solar energy policy and project alternatives
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
7 Hands-on Experiment 6 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
8 Case Study 6 Lecture and
Laboratory Works
Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to explain various solar thermal technologies and
its application. They should be able to design, calculate and do basic economic analysis of various solar
energy systems.
References:
Duffie, A.J., Beckman, A. W. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley and Sons, 2013.
Sukhatme and Nayak, Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
Garg, H.P., Dayal, M., Furlan, G. Physics and Technology of Solar Energy – Volume 1: Solar Thermal
Applications, Springer, 2007.
Garg, H.P., Mullick, S.C., Bhargava, A.K., Reidal, D. Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Springer, 2005.
2.2. Energy Audit and Management (EC2)
Description of the Course:
General philosophy and need of Energy Audit and Management. Definition and Objective of Energy
Management, General Principles of Energy Management, Energy Management Skills, Energy Management
Strategy. Energy Audit: Need, Types, Methodology and Approach. Energy Management Approach,
Understanding Energy Costs, Bench marking, Energy performance, Matching energy usage to
requirements, maximizing system efficiency, Optimizing the input energy requirements, Fuel and Energy
substitution.
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS MODE
1. General Aspects
2 Lecture
2.
Procedures and Techniques
2.1. Data gathering
2.2. Analytical techniques
2.3. Evaluation of saving opportunities
2.4. Energy Audit Reporting
4 Lecture and Field
Works
3.
Energy Balance & MIS
3.1. First law of efficiency and Second law of
efficiency
3.2. Facility as an Energy system
3.3. Methods for preparing process flow, Materials
and Energy Balance diagram
3.4. Identification of losses and Improvements
3.5. Energy Balance sheet and Management
Information System (MIS)
3.6. Energy Modeling and Optimization.
6 Lecture and
Tutorial
4.
Economic Analysis and Financial Management
4.1. Objectives, Investment needs, appraisal and
criteria, sources of funds
4.2. Anatomy of investment – Initial investment,
6 Lecture and
Tutorial
Return on Investment, Economic life, Basic income
equations
4.3. Tax considerations: Depreciation, types and
methods of depreciation, Income tax Considerations
4.4. Financial analysis: Simple payback period,
Return on investment (ROI), Net Present value
(NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Annualized
cost, Time value of money, Cash flows, Discounting,
Inflation Risk and sensitivity analysis, financing
options, Pros and cons of the common methods of
analysis.
5.
Project Management
5.1. Definition and scope of project, technical design,
financing, contracting, implementation and
performance monitoring
5.2 Implementation plan for top management,
Planning budget, Procurement procedures,
construction, Measurements and verification
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
6.
Energy Monitoring, Targeting Review and Evaluation
6.1. Definition – Monitoring and targeting, elements of
monitoring and targeting
6.2 data and information analysis techniques
6.3 energy consumption, production, cumulative sum of
difference (CUSUM); Review and evaluation.
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
7 Energy Policy 4 Lecture
8.
Energy Audit Instruments
8.1. Basic measurements – Electrical measurements,
Light, Pressure, Temperature and heat flux, Velocity
and Flow rate, Vibrations, etc.
8.2. Instruments used in Energy systems: Load and
power factor measuring equipment, Wattmeter, flue gas
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
analysis, Temperature and thermal loss measurements,
air quality analysis etc.
8.3. Mathematical and statistical modeling and analysis.
9 Case Study 5 Field Work and
Laboratory Works
10. Students Presentation 5 Self-Learning
2.3. Building Renovation (EC3)
S.N. CHAPTER HOURS REMARKS
1
Introduction
1.1. Definition of sustainability
1.2. Requirement of sustainability
1.3. Importance of existing building
1.4. Benefit of sustainable renovate
1.5. Codes and standards, criteria’s and documents.
2
Lecture
and
Tutorial
2
Building and its components
2.1. Foundations, floor, wall, ceilings, roofing, openings, frames, wood,
masonry, concrete, steel and other metals, wirings
2.2. Other service and pipelines in buildings.
2
Lecture
and
Tutorial
3
Assessment of existing buildings
3.1. Introductions, criteria for assessment
3.2. Types of buildings
3.3. Related specification and codes
3.4. Temporary evaluation, final evaluation.
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
4
Repairing of components
4.1. Introductions, removing and clearing sites
4.2. Repairing of basements, staircases, repair of failed masonry wall,
chimneys, various roof parts, claddings etc.
6
Lecture
and
Tutorial
5
Design of whole building
5.1. Introduction, existing building context, understanding existing building
strategy
5.2. Modern building code implementation.
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
6
Facility management upgrade
6.1. Introduction, immediate improvement
6.2. Green-operation and maintenance.
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
7 Building envelope redesign
7.1. Introduction 4
Lecture
and
7.2. Air infiltration losses
7.3. Insulation strategies
7.4. Pre-war/ancient buildings
7.5. Mid-century modern buildings
7.6. Late modern buildings.
Tutorial
8
Replacement in building systems
8.1. Introduction, building system needs, ancient building systems,
modern mid buildings, late modern building systems.
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
9
Construction operations
9.1. Introduction, initial construction activities, construction debris,
occupied rehabs, commissioning.
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
10
Building materials
10.1. Introductions, environmentally beneficial products
10.2. Low emitting materials, ancient buildings, mid era buildings, late
modern buildings.
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
11
High performance renovation
11.1. Introductions, retrofitting active energy systems
11.2. Waste water strategies
11.3. Passive house design and existing building designs.
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
12
The future of renovation
12.1. Introductions, energy conservation and building lifecycle strategy
12.2. Deconstruction, summery.
2
Lecture
and
Tutorial
References:
1) SUSTAINABLE RENOVATION STRATEGIES for THE COMMERCIAL BUILDING SYSTEMS and
ENVELOPE. By: LISA GELFAND and CHRIS DUNKAN
2) The Visual Handbook of Building and Remodeling. By, Charlie Wing
3) Building Conversion and Renovation. By: Arian Mostaedi.
4) THE SUSTAINABLE HOME: The Essential Guide to Eco Building, Renovation and decoration.
Book by Cathy Strongman
2.4. Building Structural Physics (EC4)
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS
1
Introduction
1.1. Introduction to building structure
1.2. The potential for structure to enrich architecture
1.3. Experiencing structure
1.4. Structure & its degree of exposure
1.5. Relationship between architectural & structural form
2
Lecture
and
Tutorial
2
Loads
2.1. External loads
2.2. Internal forces: Axial, Shear, Bending, Torsion
2.3. Static Equilibrium
2.4. Simple analysis: Support conditions
2.5. Common beam formulae: Simply supported beam formulae for common
load cases, fully fixed beam formulae for common load cases, Cantilevering
beam with eccentric loads, uniformly loaded horizontal cable formulae
6
Lecture
and
Tutorial
3
Material Properties
3.1. Stress: Elements under axial stress, Shear stress in beam under
bending, Bending stress in beam under bending, Element under torsion,
Reinforced concrete beam section
3.2. Strain: Types of strain, Stress-strain graph
3.3. Steel properties
3.4. Concrete properties
3.5. Timber properties
6
Lecture
and
Tutorial
4
Sectional Properties
4.1. Bending: Stress distribution across cross-section of beam in bending
4.2. Axial compression: Effective lengths of columns with differing end
restraints
4.3. Deflection
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
5 Structure 6 Lecture
5.1. Categories of structures: Form active, Vector active, Surface active,
Section active
5.2. Stability: Tolerance of wind & seismic loads, Rigid framed structures,
Rigid frame under vertical & lateral loads, pinned frame under lateral loads
forming mechanisms, Floor slab acting as diaphragm, Braced framed
structure, Cellular structures, Structures inherently resistant to lateral forces
and
Tutorial
6
Structural Forms
6.1. Basic structural elements: Footings, Columns, Beams, Slabs, Walls,
Trusses
6.2. Floor & roof systems: Bearing wall systems, One-way & two-way slab
systems, Two-way flat plates & flat slabs, Grid floors, Composite floors
6.3. Lateral load resisting systems: Rigid or moment resisting frames, Shear-
walled frame systems, Outrigger & Belt truss system, Framed tube systems,
Braced, tube systems, Tube-in-tube & Bundled tube systems, Diagrid
systems.
6.4. Structural Integrity
10
Lecture
and
Tutorial
7
Basis of Structural Design
7.1. Introduction to structural design
7.2. Roles & responsibilities of designer
7.3. Design considerations: Safety, Stability, Serviceability, Economy,
Durability, Aesthetics, Environment friendliness, Functional requirements,
Ductility
7.4. Codes & Specifications
7.5. Design philosophies
5
Lecture
and
Tutorial
8
Conceptual Design of Buildings for Earthquake Resistance
8.1. Principles of seismic design
8.2. General principles of conceptual seismic design: Structural simplicity,
Uniformity, symmetry & redundancy, Bi-directional resistance & stiffness,
Torsional resistance & stiffness, Diaphragmatic behavior at Storey level,
Adequate foundation
8.3. Regularity & irregularity of building structures: Irregularity or regularity in
6
Lecture
and
Tutorial
2.5. Retrofitting Buildings to Save Energy (EC5)
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKDS
1
Introduction
1.1. Introduction to retrofitting
1.2. Retrofitting versus demolition
1.3. General criteria for retrofitting
2 Lecture and
Tutorial
2
Making Sustainable Refurbishment of Existing Buildings Financially
Viable
2.1. Reasons for refurbishment: Reduced capital expenditure, Speedy
planning process, Quick to market, Greater tax relief, Removal of
‘planning gain’ type requirements, Sustainable solution-reduced carbon
footprint, Unlocking hidden value
2.2. Suitability of building for retrofitting: Building orientation & massing,
Slab-to-slab height, Structural grids & floor loadings, Vertical circulations
& services distribution, Relationship to neighbors, Floor plate width
2.3. Levels of refurbishment: Building condition/risks – structural
constraints, asbestos, concrete repairs, etc., External walls – repair or
replace, Mechanical and electrical services strategy, Layout and
potential for extension/floor plate optimization, what occupiers want and
what they can afford
2.4. Value-based decisions
3 Lecture and
Tutorial
3
Retrofitting for comfort and indoor environmental quality
3.1. Environmental comfort: Thermal comfort, Adaptive comfort
3.2. The building fabric & components: Thermal insulation, Thermal
mass, Glazing, Shading
3.3. Natural ventilation: Functions of ventilation, Indoor air quality
3.4. Noise & room acoustics: Conflicts with natural ventilation,
Reverberation and exposure of thermal mass
3.5. Services and controls – air conditioning: Sick Building Syndrome,
Heat emitters, Artificial lighting (and integration with daylight), Controls,
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
4
Planning a retrofit
4.1. Building & planning regulations
4.2. Materials
4.3. Project stages: Scope of project, Surveying the dwelling, Selection
of interventions, Installation works, Commissioning & handover
3
Lecture and
Tutorial
5
Roofs
5.1. Roof types: Pitched roofs, Flat roofs, Applicable retrofit methods
5.2. Insulation methods: General, Cold pitched roof- insulation at ceiling,
Cold pitched roof- insulation at rafters, Warm pitched roof, Flat roof- cold
deck, Flat roof- warm deck
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
6
Walls
6.1. Wall types: Hollow block wall, Cavity wall, Solid wall, Timber frame,
Steel frame, Applicable retrofit methods
6.2. Insulation methods: General, External wall insulation, Internal wall
insulation, Cavity wall insulation
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
7
Openings
7.1. Opening types: Windows, Doors, Roof lights & dormers
7.2. Retrofit measures: General design considerations, Draughtproofing,
Secondary glazing, blinds, shutters & curtains, Re-glazing, Window &
door replacement
5 Lecture and
Tutorial
8
Floors
8.1. General: Ground supported concrete floor, Suspended precast
concrete floor, Suspended timber floor, Applicable retrofit methods
8.2. Insulation methods: General, Under floor insulation, Over floor
insulation, Replacement floor & insulation,
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
9
Ventilation
9.1. Traditional forms of ventilation: Window & door openings,
Background ventilation, Adventitious ventilation
9.2. Improvement methods: General, Natural ventilation with intermittent
extract fans, Passive Stack Ventilation (PSV) systems, Single room heat
recovery ventilators (SRHRV), Mechanical extract ventilation (MEV)
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
10
Heating & Hot Water Systems
10.1. Preliminary considerations: Types of traditional heating system,
Identification of current heating system
10.2. Heating and Hot water demand: Space heating demand, Water
heating demand
10.3. Heating and hot water system improvements and replacement
choices: Improvements to existing systems, Replacement fuel/energy
source, Replacement systems, Replacement choice
10.4. Gas boilers: Options, Design considerations, Installation
considerations
10.5. Oil boilers: Options, Design considerations, Installation
considerations
10.6. Solid fuel boilers: Options, Design considerations, Installation
considerations
10.7. Electric heating systems: Options, Design considerations,
Installation considerations
10.8. Warm air systems
10.9. Water heating: Options, Design considerations, Installation
considerations
10.10. Room heaters
10.11. Heating pipework and heat distribution/emitter systems: Options,
Design considerations, Installation considerations
10.12. Controls: Options, Design considerations, Installation
considerations
10.13. Final steps: Commissioning, Customer advice, Servicing
10.14. Non-traditional space heating and water heating systems: Solar
thermal hot water, Heat pumps, Micro-CHP
6 Lecture and
Tutorial
11
Residential Lighting
11.1. Existing types of lighting: General indoor lighting, Directional indoor
lighting, Outdoor lighting
11.2. Lighting technology: Types of lamps, Luminaires, Lighting controls
4 Lecture and
Tutorial
11.3. Retrofit measures: Lamp replacement, Luminaire replacements,
Improvements to controls, Replacement of the entire lighting system
Total 45
2.6. Illumination Engineering (EC6)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 60
Course Objectives:
To introduce the fundamental concept of illumination, lighting technology and its different management and
design.
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1
Introduction
1.1. Historical Information
1.2. Current Market Status
1.3. Future Market
2 Lecture
2
Vision, Photometry and Colorimetry
2.1. Human vision and relative luminous efficiency function
2.2. Radiometric and photometric units
2.3. CIE color matching function
2.4. CIE chromaticity diagram
2.5. Color property of light
2.6. Color rendering index
2.7. Lighting measurement standards and technology
8
Lecture
and
Tutorial
3
Optics
3.1. Optical characteristics of light
3.2. Illumination distribution
3.3. Luminaire optical characteristics’ and control
3.4. Laboratory works on measurement of optical characteristics
4+4
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
4
Lighting Technologies
4.1. Light Source
4.2. Luminaire
4.3. Components of lighting system
4.4. Lighting Control
10+2
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
4.5. Day Lighting
4.6. Lighting Standards
4.7. Indoor and outdoor lighting system
4.8. Street lighting
4.9. Landscape lighting
4.10. Laboratory exercise on demonstration of light source working
mechanism and characteristic
5
Lighting Management
5.1. Energy efficient lighting technology
5.2. Energy efficient lighting policy and management
5.3. Lighting control and intelligent lighting technology
5.4. Day light utilization
5.5. Efficient lighting case studies
12
Lecture
and
Tutorial
6
Lighting Design
6.1. Lighting design criteria
6.2. Principal and process
6.3. Standards for interior and exterior lighting design
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
7
Lighting Simulation
7.1. Introduction to computer aided lighting design
7.2. Correlating architectural and lighting design
7.3. Interior and exterior lighting design using DiaLux
7.4. Laboratory exercise on lighting simulation and design using DiaLux.
8+6
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
References:
Csele, Mark. Fundamental of Light Sources and Lasers. New Jersey. Wiley, 2004.
Jack L. Lindsey, Scott C. Dunning, Applied Illumination Engineering. Marcel Dekker Inc, 2010.
2.7. Solid State Lighting (EC7)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 60
Course Objectives:
To introduce the concept of Solid State Lighting and impart the skills necessary for implementing light
emitting diode in various sectors of illumination.
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1
Introduction
1.1. History of LED technology
1.2. Current Market Status
1.3. Future Market
2
Lecture
and
Tutorial
2
Lighting Theory
2.1. Vision
2.2. Photometry
2.3. Colorimetry
2.4. Optical Characteristics
2.5. Laws of Lighting
2.6. Laboratory exercise on measurement of optical characteristics.
8
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
3
Basic of Solid State Lighting
3.1. Electroluminescence and radiant efficiency
3.2. Radiative recombination
3.3. Hetero-structure and quantum well
3.4. Semiconductor material system for high brightness LED
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
4
White Light Emitting Diode
4.1. WLED Basics
4.2. Color Mixing
4.3. Phosphor technology and emission spectrum and dichromatic
4.4. Polychromatic phosphor technology
4.5. LED Electrical characteristics
8+4
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
4.6. Laboratory exercise on measurement of LED electrical characteristics
5
Light Extraction from LED
5.1. LED structure
5.2. Light extraction principle
5.3. Arrangement of escape cone and substrate
5.4. Material system for transparent substrate
5.5. Distributed Bragg reflector and shaped and plane-walled chip
8
Lecture
and
Tutorial
6
LED driver circuits and luminary design
6.1. LED V-I characteristic
6.2. LED ballast
6.3. Closed loop control mechanism for LED and LED luminary design
6.4. Power system design techniques
6.5. LED driving integrated circuits
6.6. Laboratory exercise on LED driver design
8+4
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
7
LED measurements
7.1. Optical and electrical characteristic measurement techniques
7.2. Standards (ASSIST, CIE, ANSI and IESNA) for WLED measurement
and measurement instruments and their significance
6+4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
8.
Application of Solid State Lighting
8.1. Domestic, commercial, medical, automobile and signaling application
of LED
8.2. Development status
8.3. Contemporary application
8.4. Application of LED in developed and developing country and
economic analysis
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
References:
Zukauskas, A., M.S. Shur, and R. Gaska. Introduction to Solid State Lighting. New York: Wiley. 2003.
Schubert, Fred E. Light Emitting Diodes. 2nd edition. New York. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
2.8. Energy Management and Technology MPOE 502 (EC8)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 45
Course Contents:
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1
Basic Thermodynamics on the physical basis of energy management
1.1. Brief on energy, forms of energy
1.2. Heat Engines and other processes
1.3. Chemical Energy and Fuels including biomass, heating value,
combustion equipment, energy characterization.
1.4. Energy Efficiencies and Thermodynamic values of energy, Energy
quality
1.5. Exergy and anergy, irreversibility; Physical and Chemical Exergy
1.6. Energy and Exergy Analysis; Use of energy and exergy
20
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
2
Energy and Society
2.1. Main Issues of the world energy situation
2.2. Different energy systems and their structure
2.3. Extraction / Production, Transport and end use
2.4. Energy and Power
2.5. Integration of new energy carriers and sources
2.6. Line-bound and non-line-bound systems
2.7. Energy and exergy analysis for large enterprises and regions
2.8. Utilization of Solar Energy, Geothermal, Bioenergy, Saline Power and
other renewable sources
2.9. Economics and energy; Energy and Ethics
25
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
2.9. Solar Photovoltaic systems (EC9)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 45
Course Contents:
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1
Solar Radiation Analysis and Sun spectrum analysis
1.1. Introduction of light spectrum, radiation types
1.2. Introduction to Sun structure and behaviors
6
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
2 Evolution of Solar PV Technology
2.1. Historical background and rise of PV system and solar energy 4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
3.
Meteorology and Climatic Conditions
3.1. Potential and scope of utilizing solar energy (geographical and
meteorological point of view)
5
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
4.
Fundamentals of Solar PV Technologies:
4.1. Basic PV Components.
4.2. Concept of Cell, modules and arrays.
4.3. PV measurements, data and estimations.
4.4. Types of Solar PV technologies.
4.5. PV Cells Architecture and fabrications
8
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
5.
Energy Storage Devices:
5.1. Battery technologies.
5.2. Pump Hydro Systems.
5.3. Super charged storages.
5.4. Compressed Air Storage.
5.5. Fuel Cells, etc.
6
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
6.
Designing and installing SOLAR PV Systems:
6.1. Designing considerations.
6.2. Component determination
6.3. PV Syst. (software based designs)
6.4. Design of RAPS, Solar home system, Stand Alone system, Hybrid
system and grid connectivity.
10
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
7,
Life Cycle, Energy Payback Time and carbon dioxide emissions
Codes and Standards for PV system (IEEE Standards)
National Policy and Scenario for Solar PV Systems (Case Studies)
6
Lecture,
Tutorial
and
Laboratory
Works
References:
‘Solar Energy Utilization’, G.D Rai; Khanna Publications.
‘Development of PV grid connected plants in Kathmandu, Nepal’. Technical Report by KU, TU and SUPSI
(2009)
‘Renewable and Efficient Electrical Power Systems’, Gilbert M. Masters; Wiley- Inter Science (ch7, 8 and
9).
‘Modeling and analysis of PV, Thermal and Electrochemical Solar Energy Systems’, R.A Adomatis (2013).
‘Solar Cells: operation principles, technology and system application’, Martin A. Green (Unv. of NSW).
‘Principles of Solar Engineering’, D. Yogi Goswami, Taylor and Francis (2000).
2.10. Biomass engineering (EC10)
Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 45
Course Contents:
S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS
1
Natural Energy and Biomass: Post Petroleum Energy and Materials
1.1. World Population and Environment
1.2. Energy and Environmental Issues
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
2
Natural Energy
2.1. Main Sources of Natural Energy
2.2. Characteristics of Natural Energy (Density, Storability, Dynamics)
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
3.
Biomass Resources
3.1. Principles of Biomass Utilization
3.2. Biomass Energy
3.3. Biomass Material
3.4. Environmental Considerations
3.5. Biomass Systems
6
Lecture
and
Tutorial
4.
Energy and the Environment
4.1. Energy and Carbon Dioxide
4.2. Methodology
4.3. Production Systems for Lower Emissions
4.4. Energy Input and Output
4.5. Effects of Climate Change
5
Lecture
and
Tutorial
5.
Biomass Liquid Fuels
5.1. General Properties of Ethanol
5.2. Properties of Ethanol as a Fuel
5.3. Raw Materials for Ethanol
5.4. Principle and process of Ethanol Fermentation
5.5. Ethanol Distillation Technology
5.6. Methanol (Basic Characteristics)
10
Lecture
and
Tutorial
5.7. Vegetable Oils and Their Esters (biodiesel)
5.8. Chemistry of Vegetable Oils
5.9. Merits and demerits of Biodiesel
5.10. Production of Biodiesel
5.11. Catalytic transesterification Method and types.
5.12. Merits and demerits of catalytic transesterification methods
5.13. Supercritical Alcohol transesterification
5.14. Merits and demerits of supercritical alcohol transesterification
5.15. Other Hybrid Methods
6.
Biomass Gas Fuels
6.1. Outline of Methane Fermentation Technology
6.2. Principles of Methane Fermentation
6.3. Required Operational Condition for Methane Fermentation
6.4. Kinetic Analysis of Methane Fermentation
6.5. On-Site Methane Fermentation Technology
6.6. Pyrolysis Gas
6.7. Overview of Gasification Technology
6.8. Chemistry of Gasification
6.9. Gasification Reactors
6.10. Gas Utilization
8
Lecture
and
Tutorial
7,
Solid Fuels
7.1. Fuel Wood and Charcoal
7.2. Organic Residues
7.3. Energy Crops
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
8.
Biomass Feedstock
8.1. Biocrude Oil
8.2. Bioplastics
8.3. Chemical Ingredients from Biomass
4
Lecture
and
Tutorial
References:
CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume V, Energy and Biomass Engineering; Edited by CIGR–
The International Commission of Agricultural Engineering.
‘Characteristic Analysis of Pig Fat to biodiesel conversion using Supercritical Alcohols’, Masters’ Thesis,
Malesh Shah, The Graduate School of Kongju National University Department of Environmental
Engineering (August 2013).