Course: Biology

Objective: AHSGE #4

Topic: Cells

M. Barkley

AHSGE #4

Describe similarities and differences of cell organelles, using diagrams and tables.

Identifying scientists who contributed to the cell theory(Examples: Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, van Leeuwenhoek)

Distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Identifying various technologies used to observe cells

(Examples: light microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope)

List of Key Terms / Concepts

#4-1 Greek / Latin Word Parts #4-2 Cell Theory #4-3 Types of Cells #4-4 Common Features of Cells #4-5 Functions of Organelles #4-6 Locomotion #4-7 Microscopes #4-8 Cell Differentiation

#4-1 Greek / Latin Word Parts

cyt- cell chloro- green uni- one multi- many

#4-2 Cell Theory

The cell theory was development form the contributions of Shleiden, Shwann, and Virchow.

1. The cell is the basic unit of life.

2. All living things are made up of cells.

3. Cells come from existing cells.

#4-3 Types of Cells

1. Prokaryotes Unicellular No organelles* Has a single loop

of DNA Examples:

bacteria

2. Eukaryotes Multi-cellular Contains organelles DNA inside nucleus Examples: animals,

plants, fungi, and protists

#4-4 Common Features of Cells

All cells have a selectively permeable cell membrane! (Only plant cells have cell wall too!)

All cells are filled with cytoplasm.

All cells contain DNA.

#4-5 Functions of OrganellesCell Organelles Nucleus E.R. Ribosome Mitochondria Golgi Body Lysosome Vacuole Chloroplast

Cells Alive Interactive Animation: Plant vs. Animal Cells

… click on this link to view pictures of EUKARYOTIC cells with organelles and other structures labeled.

Nucleus: control center of cell, contains DNA

E.R.: transportation center, surrounds nucleus, may be rough or smooth

Ribosome: produces protein, found free or attached

Mitochondria: powerhouse of cell, site of cell respiration

Golgi Body: packaging and distribution center

Lysosome: contains digestive enzymes Vacuole: stores water, largest organelle

within plant cells Chloroplast: green organelle within

plants, site of photosynthesis

#4-6 Locomotion

Flagella: long whip like structure used for movement

Cilia: tiny hair-like projections around cells used for movement

Cilia Surrounds Paramecium....

Kingdom: Protista

Characteristics:

Live in aquatic environments

Cilia Surrounds the Bronchiole Tubes of the Respiratory System

#4-7 Microscopes

Robert Hooke named “cells” while observing a thin slice of cork in 1665… This was the beginning to many discoveries, such as the cell theory….

#4-7 Microscopes

Microscope Characteristics

The higher the magnification, the larger the image will appear.

The higher the resolution, the more clear and detailed the image will be.

Types of Microscopes1. Simple (uses 1 lens only)2. Compound (uses 2 lenses)3. SEM (Scanning electron

microscope)

Calculate the total magnification used with a compound microscope by multiplying the magnification of the eyepiece lens (10x) by the magnification of the objective lens chosen!

#4-8 Cell Differentiation

the process by which a cell becomes specialized and is “assigned” a particular function