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Identifier Trendsin Digital Publishing

EraPaul Jessop

Founder and Director, County Analytics LtdHonorary Research Fellow, CAPP

China Digital Publishing ConferenceBeijing, China – July 15th, 2014


Last Year

Focus:

• Making standards

• Publisher workflow


Today• Trends in thinking

about identifiers• Trends in work on

identifiers


Careful• “Academic” and

precisely defined• Practical and real

world

Need Both

Trends in thinking

Trends in activity


TRENDS IN THINKING


Identifiers are Important

• Short• Precise• Agreed• Flexible


Identifying the Right Thing

Vehicle Identification

Number (VIN)

Registration Plate Number

Driving Licence Number

Model Name


Why Identify?• Safety recall

– Vehicle Identification Number• Speed camera

– Registration Plate Number– then Driving Licence Number

• Spare parts– Model Name


Great Care Needed (1)

• Are we to identify the book?– Or the edition of the book– Or the contents of the book

(independent of the format)– Or the contents of the book

(independent of the language)


Great Care Needed (2)

• Are we to identify the author?– Or the name they write

under?– Or the English version of

the name?– Or their name before they

were married?– Or the nick-name?


Or Does it Matter?• In simple cases we can be “careless”

– Normal writers have only one name– Most songs are recorded only once– Most books see only one edition

• But it can get complex later• Maybe without you knowing


TRENDS IN ACTIVITY


Trends in Identifier Activity

1. Market Driven

2. Actionable

3. Interoperable


1. MARKET DRIVEN


Market DrivenSignificant costs in• development• operation

so…

Identifiers need business justification


But…• Identifiers serve many purposes• Unhelpful to have many identifiers for

same things• New applications emerge quickly


So…• Identifier developers need to be smart:• Create identification schemes where

– Numerous applications supported

but– An overall business case is justified

• Different users trust each other’s numbers


Example – Postal Codes

• Developed to enable delivery of post

but used for • Market analysis• Insurance profiling• In-car navigation

Who would pay today for a postal code scheme?


2. ACTIONABLE


Actionable• Usable by machines

Identifier Represen-tation

Machine Action

GTIN Point of Sale Purchase


“Well defined”• “Actionable” must not use secret

technology• People must be able to find out how to use

it• Typically a web API• So you can follow links automatically


Examples - EIDR• http://doi.org/10.5240/5868-409E-7BFB-536A-6067-E

<FullMetadata><BaseObjectData><ID>10.5240/5868-409E-7BFB-536A-6067-E</ID><StructuralType>Abstraction</StructuralType><Mode>AudioVisual</Mode><ReferentType>Movie</ReferentType><ResourceName lang="en" titleClass="release">Star Wars</ResourceName><AlternateResourceName lang="en">Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope</AlternateResourceName><AlternateResourceName lang="de">Krieg der Sterne</AlternateResourceName><AlternateResourceName lang="fr">La guerre des étoiles</AlternateResourceName><AlternateResourceName lang="it">Guerre stellari</AlternateResourceName><AlternateResourceName lang="es">La guerra de las galaxias</AlternateResourceName><AlternateResourceName lang="en">Star Wars: A New Hope</AlternateResourceName>…

http://doi.org/10.5240/5868-409E-7BFB-536A-6067-E




Examples - ISNI• http://isni.org/0000000121331026

ISNI: 0000 0001 2133 1026 Name: Obama, BarackObama, Barack HuseinObama, Barack HusseinObama, Barack Hussein (II)Obama, BarakObama, BaraksObama, BarryObamah, BaraḳObamy, BarackaOpāmā, Parāk

http://isni.org/0000000121331026

http://isni.org/0000000121331026

http://isni.org/0000000121331026


Example Application• Receive recording identifier• Resolve to reference metadata for identity• Resolve to rich metadata including ISNIs

of artists• Resolve ISNIs to other creations such as

books with ISBNs• Resolve ISBNs at online bookstore to offer

to buy


3. INTEROPERABLE


Interoperability• Working together by design

1,435 mm


Types of Interoperability

• “Chained” interoperability– (see previous example)– Including other identifiers in metadata

• Common field definition– e.g. Date of publication– Format “1/7/2014” vs. “7/1/2014”– Definition of “publication”

• Common technology


Examples• ISNI metadata contains other identifiers

and links• DOI Data Dictionary for DOI based

identifiers• EIDR identifiers based on DOI and Handle


OVERALL TRENDS


Trends are Conflicts• Scepticism vs. Enthusiasm

– Movies vs. Music• Proprietary vs. Open

– Amazon vs. others• Registered vs. “Mined”

– ISBN vs. ISNI• Steady state vs. Progressive

– ISBN vs. ISNI


[email protected]

county analytics ltd slide 1 identifier trends in digital publishing era paul jessop founder and...

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