Country Men mobilized Killed WoundedPOW’s + missing

Total casualties

casualties in % of men

mobilized

Russia 12 million 1.7mill 4.9mill 2.5mill 9.15mill 76.3

France 8.4 mill 1.3mill 4.2mill 537,000 6.1mill 73.3

GB + Empire 8.9mill 908,000 2mill 191,000 3.1mill 35.8

Italy 5.5mill 650,000 947,000 600,000 2.1mill 39

USA 4.3mill 126,000 234,000 4,500 350,000 8

Japan 800,000 300 900 3 1210 0.2

Romania 750,000 335,000 120,000 80,000 535,000 71

Serbia 700,000 45,000 133,000 153,000 331,000 47

Belgium 267,000 13,800 45,000 34,500 93,000 35

Greece 230,000 5000 21,000 1000 27,000 12

Portugal 100,000 7222 13,700 12,000 33,000 33

Total Allies 42million 5 million 13million 4 million 22million 52%

             Germany 11million 1.7million 4.2million 1.1million 7.1million 65

Austria 7.8million 1.2million 3.6million 2.2million 7 million 90

Turkey 2.8million 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34

Bulgaria 1.2million 87,000 152,000 27,000 266,000 22

TotalCentral Powers

22.8mill 3.3million 8.3million 3.6million 15 million 67

             Grand Total 65 million 8.5mill 21million 7.7mill 37million 57%

A Flawed Peace: Versailles

The Allies Meet and DebateJanuary 18, 1919Conference held at

the Palace of Versailles, France

“Paris Peace Conference”

Delegates of 32 countries attend

Vigorous, bitter debate

The Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

“Lasting Peace”What is the difference between an armistice

and a peace treaty?What do you believe the goals of the Paris

Peace Conference should be?Who should attend?

Major Decisions: “The Big Four”David Lloyd George:

Great BritainGeorge

Clemenceau: FranceWoodrow Wilson:

United StatesVittorio Orlando:

ItalyNot Represented:

Russia (Civil War)Germany & Its Allies

The TaskThe Allied powers meet to decide on the

key points surrounding the First World War.Who caused the war?Who is to pay for the war?What is to become of Germany, Austria,

Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire?Each of the “Big Four” must make

decisions on the “areas of concern”.The Conference must negotiate a final

compromise for the official end to the “Great War”

Wilson’s Plans for Peace January 1918 (war still

rages)- Wilson drafts a peace proposal

14 Points: End to secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Reduced national armies

and navies Adjustment of colonial

claims with fairness towards colonial people

Changing of borders & creation of new nations based on self-determination

League of Nations

Terms of the TreatyJune 28, 1919

Allies had continued naval blockade of Germany after the armistice to force acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles

Germany punished:Loss of territorySevere restrictions on

military“war guilt” clauseReparationsLoss of colonies- created

into League Mandates

The Creation of New NationsAustria- Hungary

AustriaHungaryCzechoslovakiaYugoslavia

The Creation of New NationsOttoman Empire:

TurkeyPalestineIraqTransjordanSyriaLebanon

The Creation of New NationsRussia:

RomaniaPolandFinlandEstoniaLatviaLithuania

A Peace Built on QuicksandUS rejects treatyGermany bitter and

resentfulColonies were angry at lack

of independence Japan/ Italy gained less than

hopedLeague of Nations weak

Disarmament collective security negotiation diplomacy improving global welfare lacked an armed force of its

own depended on the Great

Powers to enforce its resolutions

Legacy of treaty plunges world into another catastrophic war