Country Programme for Afghanistan

2012- 2014

The aim of this Country Programme is to bring the interna�onal mandate of UNODC: ‘A world safer from the threats

posed by organised crime, drug use and terrorism’ into reality in Afghanistan. The objec�ve of the Country Programme

is to strengthen the capacity of the Government of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to impede the devasta�ng conse-

quences of drugs and crime.

The Country Programme has been developed through a series of thorough consulta�ons with relevant ministries. In

prac�cal terms, the Country Programme document serves three purposes: Firstly, the document is to serve as a guiding

strategy for the UNODC Country Office for Afghanistan in support of the Government of Afghanistan’s efforts in the area

of Drugs and Crime. Secondly, the document will func�on as a reference for na�onal counterparts and interna�onal

partners and stakeholders and as a framework for partnerships. Thirdly, the document serves to inform poten�al do-

nors of the vision, scope and poten�al of UNODC ac�vi�es in Afghanistan in support of the Government efforts. The

Country Programme is a living document and will be revised as required.

Structure of the Country Programme

The Country Programme is based on the integrated programme approach and aims to deliver outcomes and outputs

through sub-programmes rather than through stand alone projects and ini�a�ves. The integrated approach mirrors the

complexity of the drug and crime related challenges in Afghanistan and focuses on four sub-programmes:

Sub-Programme 1 - Research, Policy and Advocacy

Sub-Programme 2 - Law Enforcement

Sub-Programme 3 - Criminal Jus�ce

Sub-Programme 4 - Health and Livelihood

The Country Programme is also strongly linked to the Regional Programme for Afghanistan and Neigbouring Countries

2011-14, which allows UNODC to assist governments to tackle drugs and crime related challenges in the regional con-

text. The �me period covered by this Country Programme is aligned with the transi�on process, which forecasts that the

majority of interna�onal military forces leave Afghanistan by 2014. The Country Programme for Afghanistan 2012-2014

has a total budget of approximately 117 million USD.

Increased access to quality

drug preven�on, treatment

and rehabilita�on services

Na�onal illicit crop monitoring

system strengthened

SUB – PROGRAMME 1

Research, Policy, Advocacy

SUB – PROGRAMME 2

Law Enforcement

SUB – PROGRAMME 3

Criminal Jus�ce SUB – PROGRAMME 4

Health and Alterna�ve Livelihoods

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Building Afghan narco�cs

analy�cal capacity for evidence-

based policy and advocacy

Afghan capacity for delivery of

counter-narco�cs responses

developed

Afghan authori�es reform

the Criminal Jus�ce

system in line with

interna�onal standards

An�-corrup�on measures

strengthened in line with

UNCAC

Prison and juvenile jus�ce

systems reformed in line

with interna�onal

standards and norms,

with an emphasis on

alterna�ves to

imprisonment and deten�on

Opera�onal capacity of the

Counter Narco�cs Police

of Afghanistan strengthened

Wider coverage of alterna�ve

livelihoods for drug affected

communi�es

Increased access to quality

HIV/AIDS preven�on, treat-

ment and care services for

drug users (with a focus on

IDUs, prisoners and PVHT)

Enhanced border law

enforcement; including regional

cross- border coopera�on

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Sub-Programme 1: Research, Policy and Advocacy

Sub-Programme 1 supports capacity development of the Ministry of Counter Narco�cs (MCN) in the areas of crop

monitoring, research, inter-agency coopera�on and provincial outreach.

UNODC aims to expand and further develop MCN capacity in illicit crop monitoring; support MCN ability to promote

public awareness on Counter Narco�cs; as well as build and develop a strong sta�s�cal and analy�cal team within

MCN itself.

Under the research component, UNODC aims to build research capacity of the MCN and other relevant ministries

for evidence-based policy and advocacy. The final outcome of this component is an Afghanistan Drug Report devel-

oped and produced by MCN. This report will detail the progress made on the Na�onal Drug Control Strategy against

set benchmarks.

The sub-programme also points to strengthen the ins�tu�onal and opera�onal capacity of MCN in Kabul and

throughout the provinces of Afghanistan to ensure that its vision, enshrined in the Na�onal Drug Control Strategy

(NDCS), can be effec�vely pursued and coordinated with other Ministries, and na�onal and interna�onal stakehold-

ers throughout Afghanistan.

The Research, Policy and Advocacy Sub-Programme is the backbone of the Country Programme for Afghanistan,

providing evidence, policy advice and advocacy to support all the other sub-programmes and ensure they are deliv-

ered in an integrated manner. The sub-programme will also support the MCN in mainstreaming counter narco�cs

efforts in the Na�onal Priority Programmes.

Accurate and credible data are essen�al for evidence based policy and advocacy. UNODC has built a strong research

reputa�on through its opium, cannabis and drug addic�on surveys, its provincial profiles and socio-economic assess-

ments as well as through studies on the impact of CN public awareness campaigns, criminal jus�ce system and corrup-

�on surveys. These have been conducted in partnership with the MCN, MoI, MoPH, MoJ, and HOO among others.

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3. Afghan capacity for delivery of

counter-narco�cs responses

developed

3.2. Afghan na�onal develop-

ment strategies and programmes

incorporate tangible counter-

narco�cs responses

3.1 Government (MCN) ins�tu-

�onal and opera�onal capacity

for drug control at central and

provincial level developed

3.3. Increased capacity within

MCN to develop counter-

narco�cs policies and strategies

and to coordinate mul�-

stakeholder responses

2. Building afghan counter narco�cs

analy�cal capacity for evidence-

based policy and advocacy

2.2 MoI, MoJ and MCN share infor-

ma�on needed to inform policy

making and repor�ng, through per-

manent and streamlined processes

2.3 MCN and MoPH regularly coor-

dinate and share informa�on on

treatment and drug demand reduc-

�on with a view to generate re-

search, which will inform future

policy making and repor�ng

2.1. MCN gradually takes ownership

of the research and analy�cal skill

sets in order to inform evidence-

based policy

1. Na�onal illicit crop monitoring

system strengthened

1.4 Na�onal and interna�onal stakehold-

ers make use of improved knowledge on

impact of opium cul�va�on, trade and

economics due to vola�le changes in drug

prices in Afghanistan and its neighbours

1.3 The Eradica�on Working Group in

Kabul formulate immediate CN strate-

gies using regularly-updated informa�on

for reimbursement of eradica�on ex-

penditure to provincial Governors based

on area of eradicated poppy fields

(verified through ground measurements

and satellite checks)

1.5 Na�onal and interna�onal stakehold-

ers make use of improved knowledge on

impact of opium cul�va�on, trade and

economics due to vola�le changes in drug

prices in Afghanistan and its neighbours

1.2 The Government of Afghanistan

uses evidence on opium cul�va�on

trends at the start of cul�va�on season

(early warning func�on) to fine tune its

counter narco�cs strategies

1.1 Informa�on on opium and cannabis

trends and paEerns used by the Govern-

ment of Afghanistan and key stakehold-

ers to formulate Afghan CN policy and

strategy

2.4 MCN, MRRD and MAIL regularly

coordinate and share informa�on on

cul�va�on, eradica�on and sustaina-

ble alterna�ve livelihoods with a

view to generate informa�on and

sta�s�cs, which will inform policy

making and repor�ng

SUB – PROGRAMME 1

RESEARCH , POLICY, ADVOCACY

Sub-programme 2 - Law Enforcement

Sub-programme 2 focuses on improving the capacity of counter narco�cs law enforcement agencies to meet the daun�ng

challenges the country is facing. This is specifically designed to enhance law enforcement capabili�es through mentoring,

specialized curricula and training focusing on intelligence-led policing and increased use of forensic informa�on for strate-

gic drug control and crime preven�on.

Sub-programme 2 - Law Enforcement - supports na�onal partners in Afghanistan in specific niche areas such, Intelligence,

Mobile Detec�on, Training, Forensic Science and precursor control within the (CNPA). In addi�on, further assistance is pro-

vided in the area of Border Management, specifically through the establishment of Border Liaison Offices (BLO).

In working towards a secure border, the sub-programme includes support in equipment and training for drug interdic�on

opera�ons as well as Afghanistan’s ac�ve par�cipa�on in regional border management ac�vi�es. This also incorporates

the promo�on of Afghan intelligence-led ini�a�ves between key stakeholders in neighbouring countries; crea�ng and in-

creasing opportuni�es for ini�a�ves which to lead to the disrup�on of organised crime groups working within the region.

Furthermore, train-the-trainer sessions are incorporated to ensure sustainability of all ac�vi�es. These areas are comple-

mented by the integra�on of a code of ethics for law enforcement agencies, introducing integrity and governance princi-

ples from the an�-corrup�on work of the criminal jus�ce sub-programme.

Afghanistan faces tremendous drug and crime challenges that require effec�ve responses. While over 90% of world’s opiates

comes from Afghanistan only 2% is seized in country. Along the borders of Afghanistan unimpeded movement of insurgents

and the massive illicit trade of drugs, precursor chemicals, money, people and weapons are prolifera�ng. Increased support

to the Counter Narco�cs Police of Afghanistan (CNPA) by UNODC and interna�onal partners has recently boosted opera�onal

successes on which UNODC COAFG Law Enforcement will further capitalise and enhance on through further delivery of core

objec�ves.

SUB – PROGRAMME 2

LAW ENFORCEMENT

2. Enhanced border law enforcement, includ-

ing regional cross border coopera�on

2.4 Joint and/or simultaneous opera-

�ons facilitated between Afghan law

enforcement authori�es and their re-

gional counterparts

2.3 Opera�onal response and capacity

to prevent drug and other trafficking

through interna�onal airports in Af-

ghanistan enhanced

2.2 Mobile Interdic�on Teams estab-

lished, equipped, trained, and effec�ve-

ly conduc�ng drug interdic�on opera-

�ons

2.1 Cross border liaison structures

(Border Liaison Offices or BLOs) of

law enforcement officials established

and used at selected high risk loca�ons

1. Opera�onal capacity of the Counter Narco�cs

Police of Afghanistan developed in the areas of

training, intelligence, mobile detec�on teams,

forensics and precursor control

1.4 CNPA Forensic Laboratory equipped,

trained and mentored to develop intel-

ligence on heroin manufacturing and

trafficking

1.3 Mobile Detec�on Teams established,

equipped, trained and mentored

1.5 Afghan authori�es are equipped

trained and mentored to interdict smug-

gled consignments of precursor chemicals

1.2 An intelligence fusion cell (Tac�cal

Opera�on Centre for TOC) established,

equipped and staff trained

1.1 Na�onal professional training mecha-

nism to deliver a wide-ranging drug law

enforcement curriculum and regular

training to officers implemented through

the Training Directorate

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Sub-programme 3 - Criminal Jus.ce

Sub-programme 3 aims to re-establish the rule of law by building integrity, addressing impunity, and developing a

professional judicial culture, which are all essen�al pre-requisites for peace and stability in Afghanistan and an es-

sen�al basis to address narco�cs trafficking.

The sub-programme will promote and support criminal jus�ce reform in order to align Afghanistan’s laws to interna-

�onal standards. It focuses on an�-corrup�on efforts, which includes support towards compliance with the United

Na�ons Conven�on against Corrup�on (UNCAC) and increased capacity for evidence-based policy and adjudica�on.

Measures intended to enhance criminal jus�ce coopera�on na�onally and interna�onally, to prevent and combat

trafficking in persons, as well as to create a culture of integrity based on Codes of Conduct are central to this sub-

programme. Equally significant, prison system reform to be implemented as an integral component of the rule of law

and for improved management and administra�on, and including social reintegra�on programmes with special focus

on juvenile jus�ce system reform, will be pursued.

The sub-programme will explore possible interface with the Regional Programme to support coopera�on on

strengthening of financial inves�ga�on units (i.e. FINTRACA in Afghanistan). Through this sub-programme UNODC

will advocate for human rights, gender and special care for vulnerable groups in the jus�ce system.

Although in the last ten years much has been accomplished and the jus�ce system has been reanimated, specific areas

such as prisons, juvenile jus�ce, an�-corrup�on, and the overall capacity of criminal jus�ce sector need further im-

provement and sustainability. Jus�ce ins�tu�ons face the same challenges as the rest of the government, i.e. poor in-

frastructure, lack of professional staffing and perceived corrup�on, as well as a lack of independence from the execu-

�ve branch of the government. The rule of law in Afghanistan s�ll requires significant investment and support by na-

�onal and interna�onal stakeholders.

SUB – PROGRAMME 3

CRIMINAL JUSTICE

2. An�-corrup�on measures

strengthened in line with in-

terna�onal standards and

norms, with an emphasis on

UNCAC

2.4 Strengthen the capacity of

CSOs and the private sector to

advocate for an�-corrup�on

enforcement measures

2.3. Na�onal law harmonized

with Afghanistan’s obliga�ons

under the UNCAC

2.5 Support promo�on of in-

tegrity by jus�ce and law en-

forcement bodies with a focus

on the implementa�on of

Codes of Conduct implementa-

�on of Codes of Conduct

2.2 Research capacity of HOO

enhanced for more effec�ve

evidence-based policy

2.1 Strengthened professional

capacity in the High Office for

Oversight. Training Directorate

3. Prison system reformed in line

with interna�onal standards and

norms, with an emphasis on alter-

na�ves to imprisonment and pre-

trial deten�on

3.4 Health and drug treat-

ment services available for

prisoners in selected facili�es

3.3 Voca�onal and educa�on-

al training established and

available to facilitate reintegra-

�on for male, female prisoners

and juveniles

3.2 Alterna�ves to imprison-

ment and deten�on estab-

lished with special focus on

women and girls.

3.1 Improved peniten�ary sys-

tem condi�ons through the

implementa�on of comprehen-

sive training curricula for pris-

on officials

3.5 Special care for vulnerable

groups, including imprisoned

women and their children

3.6 Improve the capacity of the

district deten�on system

3.7 Juvenile jus�ce system re-

formed to be in line with interna-

�onal standards

1. Afghan authori�es reform

criminal jus�ce system in line

with interna�onal standards

and norms

1.4 Measures to prevent

and combat trafficking in per-

sons in Afghanistan set in

place

1.3 Na�onal capaci�es for

interna�onal judicial coopera-

�on in criminal maEers of

jus�ce and law enforcement

ins�tu�ons promoted

1.5 Enhanced opera�onal

capacity (including working

condi�ons) of judges and

prosecutors in selected

provinces

1.2 Strengthened legisla�ve

and ins�tu�onal capacity

to prevent and combat

terrorism

1.1 Support to the legisla�ve

reform process, as a perma-

nent consulta�ve process

involving Afghan ins�tu�ons

and major experts within the

interna�onal community

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Sub-programme 4 - Health and Livelihoods

Sub-programme 4 aims to address the needs of drug affected communi�es, offering alterna�ve livelihood streams to

poppy/cannabis growing households and persons affected by drug use and dependence including injec�ng drug users,

with special focus toward vulnerable groups such as injec�ng drug users and popula�ons in closed seLngs.

The major objec�ve of the support in the area of health is to provide evidence based preven�on and treatment for

illicit drug use, drug dependence, and drug-related diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Incorpora�ng humanitarian interven-

�ons in its response, the health programme addi�onally focuses on marginalized groups: the homeless, mobile popu-

la�ons of returnees and refugees, women and children. The sub-programme aims to address the serious shorMalls in

available treatments for drug dependence; it will contribute to the establishment of evidence-based treatment and

care services across the country, including residen�al and outpa�ent treatment centres.

Support in the area of livelihoods covers three main areas. Firstly, the programme will strengthen the capacity of MCN

on Alterna�ve Livelihoods (AL) policy development, programme planning and impact monitoring. Secondly, the pro-

gramme will support the strengthening of inter-ministerial and government – non-government coordina�on on AL,

promo�ng the genuine mainstreaming of CN across the wide array of tradi�onal development programmes. Thirdly,

the programme will develop a range of strategic evidence-based AL sub-projects centred on community par�cipa�on,

while endeavouring to promote beEer uptake, promulga�on and sharing of lessons learned from past AL support. The

AL sub-projects will focus on: agricultural diversifica�on and value addi�on, paying special aEen�on to the role of

women; training of key farmers; job crea�on through skills enhancement; rehabilita�on and protec�on of livelihoods

resources; and entrepreneurship.

Afghanistan faces immense challenges in the fields of health and livelihood security. With more than 1 million drug

users and 5% of the popula�on involved in drug cul�va�on, Afghanistan pays a very high cost for the illicit drug prob-

lem in the country. Heroin use has more than doubled in recent years; with a concentrated epidemic among injec�ng

drug users.

2. Increased access to quality HIV/

AIDS preven�on, treatment and

care services for drug users (with

a focus on IDUs), prisoners and

persons vulnerable to human

trafficking (PVHT)

SUB – PROGRAMME 4

HEALTH AND ALTERNATIVE

LIVELIHOODS

2.4 . Assist MCN, MOPH and

MOJ to ensure Afghaniza�on

of responses to HIV/ AIDS

amongst drug users

(focussed on IDUs), in prison

seLngs and among

2.3. Increased availability of

data on effec�ve responses

to HIV/AIDS

2.2 Ins�tu�onal and civil

society capacity strength-

ened

2.1 Assist NACP in scaling up

the comprehensive package

of services for preven�on,

treatment and care drug

users (focussed on IDUs),

3. Wider coverage of alterna�ve

livelihoods for drug affected com-

muni�es

3.3 Improved coordina�on

and genuine mainstreaming

of AL-related strategies and

programmes in Government,

and among Government,

mul�lateral / bilateral do-

nors, and the private sector

3.2 Strengthened MCN capaci-

ty on AL policy, project plan-

ning and monitoring at central

and provincial levels

3.1 Integrated / mul�faceted

AL demonstra�on projects

aimed at breaking house-

holds’ linkages with the illicit

drug economies

1. Increased access to quality

drug preven�on, treatment

and rehabilita�on services

1.4 Assist MCN and MOPH

to ensure there is an inclu-

sive Na�onal response to

drug dependence developed

1.3 Effec�ve informa�on,

educa�on and communica-

�on on drug use developed

1.5 Drug use monitoring

system in place

1.2 Workplace drug use pre-

ven�on and treatment avail-

able for ANP

1.1 Selected service provid-

ers equipped and skilled to

provide evidence based

preven�on, treatment and

care services in priority

provinces

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Programme Management, Governance and Funding

UNODC’s Regional Representa�ve and head of the Country Office in Afghanistan is ul�mately responsible for all of

UNODC’s opera�ons in Afghanistan, carries the func�on of Special Advisor on CN to the SRSG and is responsible for the

Regional Programme for Afghanistan and Neighbouring Countries. The Deputy Representa�ve is the day to day manager

and will oversee the implementa�on of Country Programme. A senior manager with in depth substan�ve knowledge

leads each of the sub-programme.

A Programme Steering CommiEee (PSC) will be established to oversee the Country Programme. The PSC will ensure

good communica�on between UNODC and government counterparts, par�cularly with regards to providing strategic

direc�on of programme ac�vi�es.

The overall budget for the Country Programme 2012-2014 is approximately US $117 million. UNODC expects to mobi-

lize the majority of required funding from tradi�onal donor countries to UNODC Afghanistan, but the organiza�on is

constantly seeking partnerships with new member states, other organiza�ons and private companies. To implement the

integrated Country Programme, UNODC encourages donors to channel funds directly to the Country Programme or one

of its Sub-Programmes – not to specific outputs and ac�vi�es. Donors are also called upon to accept UNODC’s standard

bi-annual programme progress reports, in order to direct more financial and human resources to the implementa�on of

programme ac�vi�es.

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UNODC Country Office for Afghanistan

House No. 257, Street No. 149, Kolola Pushta, P.O.Box 5, Kabul, Afghanistan,

Website: h<p://www.unodc.org/afghanistan

Tel: +93 796 728167, fo.afghanistan@unodc.org