cottage industry in pre industrial britain
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE COTTAGE SYSTEM© Dr Sayah 2nd Years.
![Page 2: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Development of the Domestic System of Production Domestic system developed in England Late 1600s-late 1800s Rural society experienced the
beginnings of an industrial system called “the cottage industry”
Domestic system of production – “putting out” system or the cottage industry”
![Page 3: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Domestic System Agricultural families worked at
night in their cottages in carding, spinning or weaving cloth.
Used rudimentary machines, such as old spinning wheels.
![Page 4: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Carding Spinning
Processing fibers as cotton or wool before spinning
Converting these fibers into threads
![Page 5: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Weaving (early textile production)
Man weaving on a 17th century shuttle
Threads are interlaced to form a fabric or cloth
![Page 6: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cottage industry
![Page 7: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Early organization of Cottage industry
![Page 8: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Cottage industry
Typical system:• Single room dominated by a spinning wheel worked by a
young lady - the spinster. • Food is being cooked in the same room. • A ladder on the left of the picture will take the workers to
their beds • A window allows for light and ventilation.
![Page 9: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Merchants’ Role in Cottage Industry Supply materials – wool and cotton
– to cottages to be carded and spun
Pay workers for finished item Take supplies from spinning
cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth
Take goods to market Keep profit from sale, make larger
investment = higher profit
![Page 10: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Workers’ role Almost never provided own raw
materials Never marketed their goods either Were “wage earners” Who owned
tools of production Or rent tools, or move to work in
other cottages
![Page 11: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Work organization Household’s head manages work of
housewife, grandparents, and children. Work involved monotonous repetition of a
few simple movements of the fingers Unskilled and undemanding
Use of women’s and children’s labour Worked as a team so practice division of
labour Female workers were generally in a clear
majority in the work force until late 19th century
![Page 12: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Merchants vs workers Disputes about wages could be
frequent and bitter. Employers using the domestic system
operated in tough competitive environment
In times of crisis, cut the piece-rates they paid their workers.
Scattered rural outworkers disorganised no resistance,
Women and children: a miserable pay better than no Work at all
![Page 13: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Economic organization Scattered mass of labourers Dixons of Carlisle, cotton manufacturers,
employed 3,500 handloom weavers scattered over England and Scotland
Belper, hosiers, provided work for some 4,000 knitting frames in counties of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire
Required an elaborate system of communication and control by agents — called ‘putters- out’, ‘bagmen’ , and ‘foggers
![Page 14: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Effects of Cottage Industry Big profits for new class of
merchants Rise of capitalism (an economic
system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit)
Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism
Alternative source of income for peasants
![Page 15: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stengths of the Domestic System Workers could work at their own
speed Work at home or near their own
home. Rested when they needed to. Meals could be taken when
needed. Tension at work minimal as family
worked as a unit.
![Page 16: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stengths of the Domestic System (2)
Children better treated than in the factory system.
Mothers work at home = someone to look after the children.
Conditions of work better as windows could be open
![Page 17: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
And Weaknesses Production slow and not enough to
meet the demand. A better and faster system of production
needed. Loss of time
Materials taken from cottage to cottage (production done in several stages)
Small cottages could not take advantage of new sources of power. (such as water)
![Page 18: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
No quality lifestyle : - Four year old children work in the
domestic system - Waste gathered around country
cottages - Small wages
![Page 19: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Q1- How did the cottage Industry serve as a transition from a rural to an industrial economy?
Two concepts wage labor, cloth production, tools and machines, a market to buy and sell raw materials (cotton) and finished products (clothes).
Let’s Sum Up
![Page 20: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Quiz time
![Page 21: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Q1
A. Putting inB. Putting on C. Putting outD. Putting off
Domestic system is also called
![Page 22: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Q2
A. Converting fibers into threadsB. Processing fibers of wool and
cottonC. Collecting wool from sheepsD. Interlacing threads to make
cloth
What is spinning?
![Page 23: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Q3
A. Supply wool and cotton to cottages
B. Distribute tasks within the cottage
C. Pay workers for itemsD. Take finished cloth to market
Which of the following is not part of the merchants’ role?
![Page 24: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Q4
A. Provided own raw materials
B. Owned tools of productionC. Marketed their goodsD. Fixed prices of finished
items
Wich statement about workers’ role is right?
![Page 25: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Q5
A. Work managed by Putters-out.B. Required skilled labor C. Women were a majority in the
workforceD. System based on individual work
Which of the following best describes Work organization
![Page 26: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Q6
A. Disputes about wages frequent. B. Workers were cheated on piece-
rates. C. Women and children had to accept
a miserable payD. Outworkers offered resistance
Merchants vs workers: tick the wrong statement
![Page 27: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Q9
A. Production exceeded the demand. B. Production was done in only one
stageC. Production was slow D. Small cottages reluctant to use
new sources of power.
What were the disadvantages of the Domestic system?
![Page 28: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Q7
A. Rise of consumerismB. Rise of capitalismC. Rise of communismD. Rise of absenteeism
Effects of Cottage Industry
![Page 29: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Q8
A. Workers now have access to imported goods
B. Workers could work at their own speed
C. Workers could take their Meals when needed.
D. Tension at work was minimal
Stengths of the Domestic System: tick the wrong statement
![Page 30: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Q10
A. Men who manufactured cotton bags
B. Men who supervised cottages’ work
C. Men who wore baggy trousersD. Men who manufactured bags
Who were the ‘bagmen’
![Page 31: cottage industry in pre industrial britain](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5881f6571a28abb4748b592f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)