cost action es0803: developing space weather products and services in europe wg 1. advanced methods...

COST Action ES0803: Developing space weather products

and services in Europe

WG 1. Advanced methods to model and predict space weather effects

SG 1.1: Progress in scientific understanding of space weather

Leader: Natalia Ganushkina (Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland)

Progress report

Progress report at MC meeting, 1 December 2011, Namur, Belgium


ObjectivesIdentification of the state of the art in the scientific understanding and modelling of physical processes which govern space weather

Description of workCompilation of reviews on advances in specific areas of space weather research InputScientific literature, relevant web sites, information obtained from research projects from COST ES0803 participants and others and from space weather modelling centers

Deliverable:Topical reports and scientific papers in peer review journals such as SWSC


Specific activities with detailed description

1. Space weather modeling in the North American sector (N. Ganushkina)2. Solar activity phenomena: processes of formation and evolution (F. Zuccarello)3. Solar wind forcing of the magnetosphere on large scale (E. Saiz)4. The mid-latitude ionosphere response to space weather phenomena (D. Buresova)5. Monitoring, tracking and forecasting ionospheric perturbations using GNSS techniques (N. Jakowski)6. Effect of ionospheric disturbances on GNSS signals at high latitudes (L. Alfonsi)7. Influence of space weather phenomena on global change of the atmosphere-ionosphere system (J. Lastovicka) 8. Effect of cosmic rays on the Earth's atmosphere (I. Usoskin)9. Numerical simulation of solar eruptions, energetic particle fluxes and the associated plasma turbulence (R. Vainio)10. Ground effects of space weather (A. Thomson)


Other specific activities announced

1. Space weather research and related activities in the Asian sector (S. McKenna-Lawlor) 2. The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events (G. Maris)3. Interaction of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with the system magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere (P. Velinov) 4. The ionospheric response to strong geomagnetic and solar events (P. Sauli)5. Influence of solar and geomagnetic activity on climate (P. Hejda)6. Novel use of tools from information theory and complexity to model space weather dynamics (M. Materassi)

Space weather modeling in the North American sector (N. Ganushkina) (1)

N. Ganushkina is working now (from 30.08.2010) as a Visiting Scientist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, where she has established close collaboration with the leading group for Space Weather Modeling Framework (http://butch.engin.umich.edu/swmf/).

This collaboration resulted in two joint publications, where SWMF was used.1. Liemohn, M. W., R. Ilie, N. Y. Ganushkina, A. J. Ridley, J. U. Kozyra, M. F. Thomsen, and J. E. Borovsky (2011), Testing the necessity of transient spikes in the storm time ring current drivers, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A04226, doi:10.1029/2010JA015914. 2. M. W. Liemohn, D. L. De Zeeuw, R. Ilie, and N. Y. Ganushkina (2011), Deciphering magnetospheric cross-field currents, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L20106, doi:10.1029/2011GL049611.

Further development and usage of Inner Magnetosphere Particle Transport and Acceleration Model.

Study on how much can the modeled inner magnetosphere ring current be dependent on the background electric and magnetic field models and boundary conditions. We found that physical conclusions based on simulation results can differ significantly. We also found that the boundary location and the method of Dst* calculation are of key importance for ring current data-model comparisons to be correctly interpreted.Submitted paper:Ganushkina, N. Yu, Liemohn, M. W., and Pulkkinen, T. I., Storm-Time Ring Current: Model-Dependent Results, submitted to Annales Geophysicae, July 2011.

Further extension of IMPTAM to Radiation belts modelFunded proposal to the call FP7-SPACE-2010-1, where relation to the on-going COST Action ES0803 was specifically mentioned.Proposal title: SPACECAST: Dynamic modelling of radiation belt and solar energetic particles for protecting space assets


Data analisys for benefits of radiation belts models.

Cluster CIS ion spectrograms measured during the period of the recent solar minimum between April 2007 and June 2009, when Cluster was deep in the radiation belts with its perigee as close as L = 2, are analyzed. The analysis is complemented by Double Star TC-1 satellite data from HIA ion spectrograms on perigee passes during the period of May 15, 2007 to September 28, 2007. We conclude that boundaries of radiation belts determined from background measurements on the instruments with energy ranges that do not cover the radiation belts’ energies provide valuable additional information that is useful for radiation belts’ model development and validation.

Paper published:Ganushkina, N. Y., I. Dandouras, Y. Y. Shprits, and J. Cao (2011), Locations of boundaries of outer and inner radiation belts as observed by Cluster and Double Star, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A09234, doi:10.1029/2010JA016376.


National funded programmes related to COST ES0803Academy of Finland, General Research Grant, Responsible leader of the project: Dr. Natalia Ganushkina, Title of research project: Inner magnetosphere: Dynamical states and the configuration of fields and currents

Modeling of inner magnetosphere current systems during a CIR storm with magnetospheric magnetic field models and IMPTAMPaper in preparation

Modeling of two CIR storms occurred at rising phases of solar cycles 23 and 24.Paper in preparation, to be submitted to SWSC


Space weather modeling in the North American sector: List of presentations (1) (N. Ganushkina)

1. Natalia Ganushkina, Inner magnetosphere response to recent solar minimum, Earth-Sun system exploration, variability in space plasma phenomena, January 16-21, 2011, Kona, Hawaii, USA. Invited oral.2. N. Yu. Ganushkina, S. Dubyagin, M. Kubyshkina, M. Liemohn, Inner magnetosphere response to CIR storms at Solar Minima, 2011 Joint CEDAR-GEM Workshop,26 June - 01 July 2011, Santa Fe, NM, USA. Oral3. N. Yu. Ganushkina, S. Dubyagin, M. Liemohn, M. Kubyshkina, J. Perez, A. Runov, Resolving the ring current and near-Earth tail current systems during storm times, 1st JOINT THEMIS-TWINS Science Workshop, March 21 - 25, 2011, UCLA, CA, USA. Oral 4. N. Yu. Ganushkina, Formation of seed population for radiation belts, FMI activities, SPACECAST (Protecting space assets from high energy particles by developing European dynamic modelling and forecasting capabilities) Project kick-off meeting, March 29-30, 2011, Cambridge, UK. Oral5. N. Y. Ganushkina; I. Dandouras; Y. Shprits; J. Cao, Locations of Boundaries of Outer and Inner Radiation Belts as Observed by Cluster and Double Star, 2011 Joint CEDAR-GEM Workshop,26 June - 01 July 2011, Santa Fe, NM, USA. Oral


6. N. Y. Ganushkina, IMPTAM: Including self-consistent magnetic field in ring current modeling, 2011 Joint CEDAR-GEM Workshop,26 June - 01 July 2011, Santa Fe, NM, USA. Oral7. N. Yu. Ganushkina, and M. Liemohn, IMPTAM: Dst calculated in ring current modeling: Two methods, DPS and Biot-Savart integration, 2011 Joint CEDAR-GEM Workshop,26 June - 01 July 2011, Santa Fe, NM, USA. Oral8. N. Y. Ganushkina and O. A Amariutei, IMPTAM model update, SPACECAST (Protecting space assets from high energy particles by developing European dynamic modelling and forecasting capabilities) Project steering committee meeting, August 25-26, 2011, Helsinki, Finland. Oral9. Poster, presented by Yuri Shprits: N. Y. Ganushkina; I. Dandouras; Y. Shprits; J. Cao, Dynamics Locations of Boundaries of Outer and Inner Radiation Belts as Observed by Cluster and Double Star, Chapman Conference "Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere", St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, 17–22 July 2011


10. Invited, presented by M. W. Liemohn: M. W. Liemohn, Raluca Ilie, Mei-Ching Fok, Darren L. De Zeeuw, Natalia Yu. Ganushkina, Qiuhua Zheng, Alex Glocer, Analyzing the role of keV-energy particles in modulating rapid trapping of radiation belt injections from the tail, Chapman Conference on The Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere, July 18-22, 2011, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada11. Oral, presented by Liemohn, M. W.: N. Y. Ganushkina and Liemohn, M. W., Storm-time ring current: Model-dependent results, International Symposium on Recent Observations and Simulations of the Sun-Earth System II, September 11-16, 2011, Borovets, Bulgaria12. Invited, presented by F. Darrouzet: F. Darrouzet, J. De Keyser , V. Pierrard, H. Matsui, N. Ganushkina, The Dynamics of the Plasmasphere, International Symposium on Recent Observations and Simulations of the Sun-Earth System II, September 11-16, 2011, Borovets, Bulgaria13. Oral, presented by F. Darrouzet: F. Darrouzet, V. Pierrard, N. Ganushkina, J. De Keyser, Relation between the Position of the Plasmapause and the Inner Edge of the Outer Radiation Belt, IUGG General Assembly – Melbourne, Australia – 28 June - 7 July 2011.

Solar activity phenomena: processes of formation and evolution (F. Zuccarello) (1) Participants: F.. Zuccarello1, S.L. Guglielmino1, P. Romano2, F.P. Zuccarello3

Active region formation, evolution and decay: we performed three multi-wavelength observational campaigns: two at the Swedish Solar Tower in the Canary Islands (14-25 July 2010; 6-16 August 2011), and one at the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) in Sacramento Peak, New Mexico (16-24 October 2010).

Aim of these campaigns was to study the emergence of magnetic flux tubes in the solar atmosphere and their interaction with the ambient magnetic field lines. Particular emphasis was also given to the detection of Moving Magnetic Features, using data from SST and HINODE and from Sunrise/IMaX mission.

Using two different datasets acquired by the IBIS instrument at DST, we performed a comparative analysis of photospheric bright points in an active region and in the quiet Sun. All these researches point to the importance of high resolution solar observations and to the need of a new generation 4-meter solar telescope.

Solar activity phenomena: processes of formation and evolution (F. Zuccarello) (2)

Flares and erupting prominences: we performed several multi-wavelength – multi-instrument studies of these very energetic phenomena, focusing our attention on the role played by filament activation and eruption in the flare occurrence. Moreover, a comparison between the increase in emissivity in some spectral lines (H and Ly-) during flares and that obtained by some models has been carried out.

Coronal Mass Ejections: We studied a coronal mass ejection (CME) event, occurred in NOAA 11059 on April 3 2010, using STEREO and MDI/SOHO data. We analyzed the CME evolution using data provided by SECCHI-EUVI and COR1 onboard STEREO satellites, and we performd a 3D reconstruction of the CME using the local correlation tracking – tie point (LCT-TP) method. Using MDI/SOHO line-of-sight magnetograms we analyzed the magnetic cofiguration of NOAA 11059 and determined the shearing motions and the magnetic helicity trend in the active region. Moreover, by means of the comparison between STEREO 3D reconstruction and numerical simulations, we studied the role of streamers in the deflection of CMEs.


Magnetic helicity transport: We studied how flare occurrence might be related to the spatial distribution of the magnetic helicity flux and we found that the interaction of magnetic systems characterized by opposite signs of magnetic helicity flux may be responsible for many observed eruptions.

We compared the different techniques to determine the horizontal velocity fields in order to single out the most accurate method. Taking into account the importance of hexagonal cells in convection theories, we studied the motion of magnetic features into such a geometrical element and analyzed the results in terms of the accumulated magnetic helicity.

We computed the emergence of a bipole inside the hexagonal cell and its motion from the centre of the cell towards its sides and its vertices, where the magnetic elements are considered to be sinking down. Multiple bipoles were also considered and phenomena such as cancellation, coalescence and fragmentation were investigated.


Magnetic helicity transport: We investigated the magnetic helicity balance in an active region where a confined solar eruption occurred. This was done in order to verify a possible relationship between the filament expansion and the helicity transport at its footpoints.

We aimed to verify if this variation on the helicity transport rate could be interpreted as a consequence of the magnetic torque unbalance due to the tube expansion.

In contradiction to the expectations from Chae et al. (2003) model, the helicity injection after the eruption was positive. We offered the alternative interpretation that helicity injection resulted from torque of the opposite sign, generated as the filament lost its negative helicity through reconnection with its surroundings.

Solar activity phenomena: processes of formation and evolution, Publications (F. Zuccarello) (1)

1. Criscuoli, S., Del Moro, D., Romano, P., Berrilli, F., Ermolli, I., Giorgi, F., Viticchié, B., Zuccarello, F., Evolution of Small-scale Magnetic Features Streaming-out from a Pore, Solar Polarization 6. Proceedings of a conference held in Maui, Hawaii, USA, Edited by J. R. Kuhn, D. M. Harrington, H. Lin, S. V. Berdyugina, J. Trujillo-Bueno, S. L. Keil, and T. Rimmele. Astronomical Society of the Pacific, p.493, 20112. Criscuoli, S., Del Moro, D., Giannattasio, F., Viticchié, B., Giorgi, F., Ermolli, I., Berrilli, F., Zuccarello, F., High cadence spectro-polarimetry of MMFs streaming out from a pore, submitted to Astron. & Astrophys., 20113. Guglielmino, S.L., Martinez Pillet, V., del Toro Iniesta, J.C., Bellot Rubio, L.R., Zuccarello, F., Solanki S.K. and the Sunrise/IMaX team, Small-scale flux emergence events observed by Sunrise/IMaX, Proceed. IAU Symposium 274, Advances in Plasma Astrophysics, A. Bonanno, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino & A. Kosovicev eds., Vol. 274, 140-142, 20114. Guglielmino, S.L., Zuccarello, F., High-resolution observations of siphon flows in a solar magnetic pore, Ap. J. Letters, in press, 2011


5. Orlando, A., Zuccarello, F., Romano, P., Zuccarello, F.P., Mierla, M., Spadaro, D., Ventura, R., CME evolution and 3D reconstruction with STEREO Data, Proceed. IAU Symposium 274, Advances in Plasma Astrophysics, A. Bonanno, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino & A. Kosovicev eds., Vol. 274, 165-167, 20116. Romano, P., Sicari, M., Zuccarello, F., Pariat, E.: A solar eruption triggered by the interaction between two magnetic flux systems with opposite magnetic helicity, Astron. & Astrophys., 525, A13, 20117. Romano, P., Zuccarello, F.: Flare occurrence and the spatial distribution of the magnetic helicity flux, Astron. & Astrophys., 535, A1, 20118. Romano, P., Berrilli, F., Criscuoli, S., Del Moro, D., Ermolli, I., Giorgi, F., Viticchiè, B., Zuccarello, F., A comparative analysis of photospheric bright points in an active region and in the quiet Sun, submitted to Solar Phys., 20119. Smyrli, A., MacKay D., Zuccarello, F.: Magnetic Helicity evolution inside a hexagonal convective cell, Proceed. IAU Symposium 274, Advances in Plasma Astrophysics, A. Bonanno, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino & A. Kosovicev eds., Vol. 274, 192-194, 2011


10. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarello, F., Fletcher, L., Romano, P., Labrosse, N., The role of filament activation in a solar eruption, submitted to Astron. & Astrophys., 201111. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarello, F., Romano, P., Fletcher, L., Labrosse, N., Relationship between an M6.6 solar flare and consecutive filament activations, Mem. S.A.It. in press, 201112. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarello, F., Fletcher, L., Labrosse, N., Prosecky, T., Kasparova, J., Solar flares in H and Ly-: observations vs simulations, Mem. S.A.It. in press, 201113. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarello, F., Fletcher, L., Labrosse, N., Prosecky, T., Kasparova, J., Solar flares: observations vs simulations, Proceed. IAU Symposium 274, Advances in Plasma Astrophysics, A. Bonanno, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino & A. Kosovicev eds., Vol. 274, 182-184, 201114. Zuccarello, F.P., Romano P., Zuccarello, F., Poedts, S., Magnetic helicity balance during a filament eruption that occurred in active region NOAA 9682, Astron. & Astrophys., 530, A36, 2011


15. Zuccarello, F., Contarino, L., Farnik, F., Karlicky, M., Romano, P., Ugarte-Urra, I., Filament destabilization and CME release during a long duration flare, Astron. & Astrophys., 533, A100, 201116. Zuccarello, F., Guglielmino, S. L., Romano, P., Magnetic reconnection signatures in the solar atmosphere: results from multi-wavelength observations, Mem. S.A.It., 82, 149, 201117. Zuccarello, F., The EST project, Proceed. IAU Symposium 274, Advances in Plasma Astrophysics, A. Bonanno, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino & A. Kosovicev eds., Vol. 274, 310-313, 201118. Zuccarello, F.P., Bemporad, A., Jacobs, C., Mierla, M., Poedts, S., Zuccarello, F., The Role of Streamers in the Deflection of Coronal Mass Ejections: Comparison between STEREO 3D Reconstructions and Numerical Simulations, Ap. J., in press, 201119. Zuccarello, F.P., Bemporad, A., Jacobs, C., Mierla, M., Poedts, S., Zuccarello, F., The Role of Streamers in the Deflection of Coronal Mass Ejections, Comparative Magnetic Minima: characterizing quiet times in the Sun and stars, Proceed. IAU Symp. 286, C.H. Mandrini & D. Webb editors, in press, 201120. Zuccarello, F.P., Romano, P., Zuccarello, F., Poedts, S., The role of photospheric shearing motions in a filament eruption related to the 2010 April 3 coronal mass ejection , Astron. & Astrophys., in press, 2011

Solar Wind forcing of the magnetosphere (E. Saiz) (1)

Participants: Consuelo Cid, Yolanda Cerrato, Elena Saiz Tasks finished in this period 1. Behavior analysis of the recovery phase of the magnetosphere as seen by several geomagnetic indices. Keeping in mind that on the one hand the different storm time currents into the magnetosphere are connected and on the other hand their effects on the terrestrial surface are indirectly measured by geomagnetic indices, we have studied their behavior during the recovery phase of the magnetosphere since no global study has been conducted about it yet. To do that, we have handled indices which are considered as proxies of the geomagnetic disturbances on the terrestrial surface measured at different latitudes in order to check if during their recovery stage they present a hyperbolic decay as Dst does (Aguado et al. 2010). Concretely we have studied SYM-H and ASY-H as proxies of geomagnetic disturbances at equatorial latitudes; am as representative of disturbances at mid-subauroral latitudes and AE and PCn indices as indicators of geomagnetic activity at high latitudes.


1. Behavior analysis of the recovery phase of the magnetosphere as seen by several geomagnetic indices. (Cont.)

Our sample includes all intense geomagnetic storms (SYM-H <-100 nT) of the period 1981-2006 and grouped in 5 intensity categories. We have applied a superposed epoch analysis to obtain the main recovery phase of each category and each index. From the analysis we can conclude that all indices follow well a hyperbolic function, although auroral indices, depending on the category, have the worst correlation factors. Anyway, the output parameter of the model, index at epoch time zero, has failed reproducing well enough the decay impulsivity observed at the very early recovery phase especially in the auroral indices. We will go on trying how to take into account this feature. A manuscript is under preparation.

Collaborations:We continue our collaboration in the frame of ISSI international team. W. D. Gonzalez, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Brazil.A.Guerrero, PhD student and currently contracted under one of our national projects is at ROB for two months (October-November 2011). This stay will let us to use data from PROBA2 in future researches.


2.- Geomagnetic response under fluctuating IMF. Different kinds of transients at interplanetary medium are characterized by large fluctuations of interplanetary magnetic field such as ICME-sheath regions or CIRs. Although they have very different solar origin and other clear differences in plasma signatures, both of them are the most important drivers of magnetic disturbances on the Earth. As shown by numerous researchers, the different interplanetary drivers result in specific reactions of magnetosphere, for example, CIR- and ICME-induced magnetic storms or the specific development of substorms. However, the question of the specific (additional to main geoeffective parameter Bz < 0) role that is played by a fluctuating magnetic field in specific magnetic storm features is still open. Then, we will deal with solar wind-magnetosphere interaction during HSS/HILDCAA intervals and will try especially to see why their Alfvenic fluctuations play a key role in the interaction. On the other hand, we will also discuss about the role of large IMF-Bz fluctuations, mainly in association with ICME-sheath Bz fields during very intense storms. For that, we will select a few events of this last solar cycle as representative of each case.


2.- Geomagnetic response under fluctuating IMF.

Different kinds of transients at interplanetary medium are characterized by large fluctuations of interplanetary magnetic field such as ICME-sheath regions or CIRs. Although they have very different solar origin and other clear differences in plasma signatures, both of them are the most important drivers of magnetic disturbances on the Earth. As shown by numerous researchers, the different interplanetary drivers result in specific reactions of magnetosphere, for example, CIR- and ICME-induced magnetic storms or the specific development of substorms. However, the question of the specific (additional to main geoeffective parameter Bz < 0) role that is played by a fluctuating magnetic field in specific magnetic storm features is still open. Then, we will deal with solar wind-magnetosphere interaction during HSS/HILDCAA intervals and will try especially to see why their Alfvenic fluctuations play a key role in the interaction. On the other hand, we will also discuss about the role of large IMF-Bz fluctuations, mainly in association with ICME-sheath Bz fields during very intense storms. For that, we will select a few events of this last solar cycle as representative of each case.

Solar Wind forcing of the magnetosphere,Publications (E. Saiz) (1)

1. Cerrato, Y., E. Saiz, C. Cid, W. D. Gonzalez and J. Palacios, Solar and interplanetary triggers of the largest Dst variations of solar cycle 23, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2011.09.001, 2011.2. Guerrero, A., C. Cid, Y. Cerrato, and E. Saiz, Eventos solares multi-estructura en el comienzo del ciclo sola 24, XXXIII Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Física y 21º Encuentro Ibérico para la Enseñanza de la Física, Publican Ediciones, Santander, ISBN: 978-84-86116-40-8, 2011.3. Aguado, J., C. Cid, E. Saiz, and Y. Cerrato, Estudio del comportamiento de la fase de recuperación de tormentas geomagnéticas intensas vistas desde diferentes índices magnetosféricos in XXXIII Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Física y 21º Encuentro Ibérico para la Enseñanza de la Física, Publican Ediciones, Santander, ISBN: 978-84-86116-40-8, 2011.

Solar Wind forcing of the magnetosphere,Presentations (E. Saiz) (1)

1. Guerrero, A., C. Cid, E. Saiz, Y. Cerrato and J. Aguado, Space Weather Service developed at UAH, EGU General Assembly 2011, Vienna 3-8 April 2011 (poster).2. Guerrero, A., C. Cid, Y. Cerrato, E. Saiz, Geoeffective interactions between structures at the beginning of solar cycle 24, EGU General Assembly 2011, Vienna 3-8 April 2011 (poster).3. Aguado, J., C. Cid, E. Saiz, Y. Cerrato, The relationship between the behaviors of the different magnetospheric regions, EGU General Assembly 2011, Vienna 3-8 April 2011 (poster).4. Cid, C., Y. Cerrato, W. Gonzalez, E. Saiz, A new solar wind-magnetosphere coupling function, EGU General Assembly 2011, Vienna (Austria), 3-8 April 2011 (poster).5. Guerrero, A., C. Cid, E. Saiz, Y. Cerrato, Geoeffectiveness and interaction between structures at the beginning of Solar Cycle 24, III Reunión Española de Física Solar y Heliofísica, Granada (Spain), 7-9 June 2011 (oral presentation).6. Guerrero, A., C. Cid, E. Saiz, Y. Cerrato, Geoeffective events combining Imaging and In-situ observations in the beginning of solar cycle 24, The Sun 360. Stereo-4/SDO-2/SOHO-25 Workshop, Kiel (Germany), 25-29 July 2011 (poster).

Solar Wind forcing of the magnetosphere,Presentations (E. Saiz) (2)

7. Cid, C., E. Saiz, Y. Cerrato, W. D. Gonzalez, J. Palacios, The chirality of the event on November 20, 2003: relating solar imaging and solar wind measurements, Living with a Star Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop: “Do all CMEs have flux rope structure?, Alcalá de Henares (Spain), 5-9 September 2011 (oral presentation). 8. Guerrero, A., C. Cid, Y. Cerrato, E. Saiz, Eventos solares multi-estructura en el comienzo del ciclo sola 24, XXXIII Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Física, Santander (Spain), 19-23 September 2011 (oral presentation). 9. Saiz, E., J. Aguado, C. Cid, Y. Cerrato, Estudio del comportamiento de la fase de recuperación de tormentas geomagnéticas intensas vistas desde diferentes índices magnetosféricos, XXXIII Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Física, Santander (Spain), 19-23 September 2011 (oral presentation).

1. Mosert, M., D. Buresova, S. Magdaleno, B. de la Morena, D. Altadill, R.G. Ezquer, L. Scida : An analysis of the scale height at the F2-layer peak over three middle latitude stations in the European sector, Earth Planets and Space, (in print). List of presentations 1. Buresova, D., J. Lastovicka, J. Boska: Ionospheric F2 layer behaviour during prolonged solar minimum, EGU2011-6328ST3.3, EGU2011, Vienna 03-08 April, 2011. 2. Lastovicka, J., J. Boska, D. Buresova, D. Kouba: Very high foEes – reality or oblique reflections?, EGU2011, Vienna 03-08 April, 2011.3. Chum, J., J. Base, F. Hruska, J. Lastovicka, T. Sindelarova, D. Buresova, L-A. McKinnell, R. Athieno: Statistical study of horizontal propagation of Gravity Waves in the ionosphere at midlatitudes on the northern and southern hemisphere, 8 th AOGS, Taipei, Taiwan, August 8-12, 2011.4. Buresova, D., L-A. McKinnell, E. A. Araujo-Pradere, M. Mosert, and T. Sindelarova: Ionospheric response to magnetic disturbances during prolonged solar minimum, IRI 2011 WS, Hermanus, South Africa, 10-14 October 2011.

The mid-latitude ionosphere response to space weather phenomena, Publications (D. Buresova) (1)

5. Buresova, D., T. Sindelarova, M. Mosert, L-A. McKinnell, and J. Chum: Ionospheric response to magnetic storm-induced disturbances: recovery phase, IRI 2011 WS, Hermanus, South Africa, 10-14 October 2011. 6. Sindelarova, T., D. Buresova, J. Chum, Z. Mosna, L-A., McKinnell, R. Athieno: Ionospheric variability in South Africa and in Central Europa observed by HF Doppler sounding system, IRI 2011 WS, Hermanus, South Africa, 10-14 October 2011. 7. M. Mosert, M. Gende, D. Altadill, D. Buresova, S. Magdaleno, B.de la Morena, E. Gularte , M. Cabrera: Behaviour of the total electron content over three European stations, IRI 2011 WS, Hermanus, South Africa, 10-14 October 2011.8. Chum, J., J. Base, F. Hruska, J. Lastovicka, T. Sindelarova, D. Buresova, L-A. McKinnell, and R. Athieno: Statistical Study of Horizontal Propagation of Gravity Waves in the Ionosphere at Northern and Southern Middle Latitudes, ST03-A003, The Conference of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), Taipei, Taiwan, 8-12 August 2011.

The mid-latitude ionosphere response to space weather phenomena, Presentations (D. Buresova) (1)

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events (G. Maris) (1)

Research TopicsCoronal mass ejection (CME) sources: prominence eruption mechanisms;CMEs and their impact on the Earth magnetic field

IGAR*): M. Mierla; V. Dobrica; C. Demetrescu;O. Chiricuta; G. Maris Collaborating team in Italy - Turin Astronomical Observatory: Alessandro Bemporad, Silvio GiordanoCMEs - 3D reconstruction

IGAR: M. Mierla; O. Chiricuta Collaborating team in Germany - Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research: Bernard Inhester and Iulia Chifu: CMEs: sources of eruption, CME propagation into the interplanetary space

IGAR: M. Mierla; D. Besliu-Ionescu; G. Maris Collaborating team in Belgium: Royal Observatory of Belgium: Luciano Rodriguez, Dan Seaton, David Bergmans: High Speed Streams (HSSs) in the solar wind with the complex solar source

IGAR: G. Maris, M. MierlaISS**): O. Maris

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events (G. Maris) (2)

Research Topics Long-term evolution of the solar wind dynamic pressure on magnetosphere

IGAR: C. Demetrescu, V. DobricaSources and Complexity of the Intense and Severe Geomagnetic Storms during the Solar Cycle 23IGAR: G. Maris, M. Mierla, D. Ionescu, V. Dobrica, C. Demetrescu, O. Chiricuta

ISS: O. Maris National projects

National Programme: PNII - Human Resources:Project GEOHELP – Research on geoeffectiveness of heliospheric perturbations (Contract no. 73/11.08.2010) Project Period: 36 months (11 August 2010 - 10 August 2013)Project Director: Dr. Marilena Mierla

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events (G. Maris) (3) National projects National Programme: PN-ID-PCE-2011-3-0262:

Project: The geomagnetic field under the heliosphere forcing. Inferring Earth internal structure and evaluating geophysical hazard of solar eruptive phenomena (Contract no. 9/05.10.2011)Project Period: 36 months (05.10 2011 – 04.10 2014)Project Director: Dr. Crisan Demetrescu Miscelaneea Co-convener of Session ST 2 „Space Weather and Space Climate: Coupling Processes from the Sun to the Earth” in AOGS General Assembly 2011, 8-12 Aug., Taipei (Georgeta Maris)SOC member of IAU Symposium 286: Comparative Magnetic Minima: Characterizing quiet times in the Sun and stars, 3-7 October 2011, Mendoza, Argentina (Georgeta Maris)Guest Editor of the Special issue of J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys. 73 on: 3D-Aspects of Coronal Mass Ejections, their Source Regions and Interplanetary Manifestations (Dr. Marilena Mierla)

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events, Publications (G. Maris) (1) Peer-Reviewed Journals:1. Seaton, D. B., Mierla, M., Berghmans, D., Zhukov, A. N., and Dolla, L., SWAP-SECCHI Observations of a Mass-loading Type Solar Eruption, Ap. J. Let., 727, L10, DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/727/1/L10, 2011.2. Mierla, M., Chifu, I., Inhester, B., Rodriguez, L., and Zhukov, A., Low polarised emission from the core of coronal mass ejections, A&A, 530, L1, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201016295, 2011.3. Srivastava, N., Mierla, M., and Rodriguez, L., On three-dimensional aspects of CMEs, their source regions and interplanetary manifestations: Introduction to Special Issue, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys. 73, 1077-1081, DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.01.018, 2011.4. Mierla, M., Inhester, B., Rodriguez, L., Gissot, S., Zhukov, A., and Srivastava, N., On 3D reconstruction of coronal mass ejections: II. Longitudinal and latitudinal width analysis of 31 August 2007 event, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys.73, 1166-1172, DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.11.028, 2011.5. Rodriguez, L., Mierla, M., Zhukov, A. N., West, M., and Kilpua, E., Linking Remote-Sensing and In Situ Observations of Coronal Mass Ejections Using STEREO, Sol. Phys 270, 561-573, DOI: 10.1007/s11207-011-9784-8, 2011.

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events, Publications (G. Maris) (2) Peer-Reviewed Journals:6. Bemporad, A., Mierla, M., and Tripathi, D. Rotation of an erupting filament observed by the STEREO EUVI and COR1 instruments, A&A 531, id.A147, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201016297, 2011. Conference Proceedings: 1. Dumitrache, C., and Mierla, M., Coronal EUV dimming – numerical simulations compared with SOHO observations, JENAM 2008: Grand Challenges in Computational Astrophysics, H. Wozniak and G. Hensler (Eds) EAS Publ. Series, 44, pp. 101-105, DOI: 10.1051/eas/1044017, 2011.2. Orlando, A., Zuccarello, F., Romano, P., Zuccarello, F. P., Mierla, M., Spadaro, D., and Ventura, R., CME evolution and 3D reconstruction with STEREO Data, Advances in Plasma Astrophysics, Proc. of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symp., Vol. 274, pp. 165-167, DOI: 10.1017/S1743921311006831, 2011.3. Maris, G., and Maris, O. 2011, 3-rd School and Workshop on Space Plasma Physics, I. Zhelyazkov, T. Mishonov (Eds.), AIP Conf. Proc. 1356, 978-0-7354-0914-9, II. pp.177-191, DOI: 10.1063/1.3 598104.

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events, Presentations (G. Maris) (3) 1. Chiricuta, O., Chifu, I., Mierla M., and Maris. G., „Study of Earth-directed Halo Coronal Mass Ejections observed between 1996 and 2008”, Workshop on Assessment and validation of space weather models, Alcala de Henares (Madrid), Spain, 14 – 18 Mars 2011.2. Chiricuta, O., Besliu-Ionescu, D., Mierla M., and Maris. G., Analysis of coronal mass ejections who produced major geomagnetic storms during the period 1998-2008, Session ST5.1/NH8.6, European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2011, Viena, Austria, 03 – 09 April 2011.3. Besliu-Ionescu, D., Chiricuta, O., Mierla M., and Maris. G., Study of Halloween 2003 events, Session ST5.1/NH8.6, European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2011, Viena, Austria, 03 – 09 April 2011.4. Demetrescu, C., Dobrica, V., and Maris, G., “On the long-term evolution of the solar wind dynamic pressure on magnetosphere”, 3rd Workshop Solar influences on the ionosphere and magnetosphere, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 6-10, 2011.5. Mierla, M., Besliu-Ionescu, D., Chiricuta, O., Oprea, C., Maris, G., Dobrica, V., and Demetrescu, C., Studies of coronal mass ejections that have produced major geomagnetic storms, 3rd Workshop Solar influences on the ionosphere and magnetosphere, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 6-10, 2011.

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events, Publications (G. Maris) (4) 6. Maris, G., and Maris, O., Sources and Complexity of the Intense and Severe Geomagnetic Storms during the Maximum Phase of Solar Cycle 23, 3rd Workshop Solar influences on the ionosphere and magnetosphere, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 6-10, 2011.7. Dobrica, V., Demetrescu, C., and Maris, G., On the climate of the Sun-Earth system: The long-term evolution of the solar wind dynamic pressure on magnetosphere, XXV IUGG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, June 28 – July 7, 2011.8. Demetrescu, C., Dobrica, V., and Maris, G., Space climate: Toward a characterization at Hale and Gleissberg cycles timescales, XXV IUGG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, June 28 –July 7, 2011.9. Mierla, M., Seaton, D.B., Berghmans, D., Chifu, I., de Groof, A., Inhester, B., Rodriguez, L., Stenborg, G., and Zhukov, A, Analysis of the 13 April 2010 prominence eruption using SWAP and EUVI data, The Sun 360, STEREO-4/SDO-2/SOHO-2 Workshop5, in Kiel, Germany, July 25-29, 2011

The solar parent activity of solar wind structures and solar energetic particle events, Publications (G. Maris) (5) 10. Zuccarello, F. P., Bemporad, A., Jacobs, C., Mierla, M., Poedts, S., and Zuccarello, F., The role of streamers in the deflection of coronal mass ejections, IAU Symposium 286: Comparative Magnetic Minima: Characterizing quiet times in the Sun and stars, 3-7 October 2011, Mendoza, Argentina. 11. Maris, G., Maris, O., Oprea, C., and Mierla, M., High Speed Streams in the Solar Wind during the Last Solar Minimum, IAU Symposium 286: Comparative Magnetic Minima: Characterizing quiet times in the Sun and stars, 3-7 October 2011, Mendoza, Argentina. 12. Oprea, C., Mierla, M., and Maris, G., Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections and their Geoeffectiveness during the 2007 – 2010 Interval, IAU Symposium 286: Comparative Magnetic Minima: Characterizing quiet times in the Sun and stars, 3-7 October 2011, Mendoza, Argentina.

Interaction of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with the system magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere (P.I.Y. Velinov) (1) Participants: P.I.Y. Velinov, P. Tonev, A. Mishev, L. Mateev, S. Asenovski Objectives- Operational models for galactic and solar cosmic ray ionization in the ionosphere and atmosphere are created. The Monte Carlo simulation model CORSIKA and the analytical model CRIMA are used. - Physics-based numerical simulation model is being developed for evaluation of the link between the IMF/solar wind and the global atmospheric electrical circuit at polar-high latitudes realized via the polar cap potential difference controlled by the space weather. This model has significance in studying of the space weather influences on the Earth.

InputScientific literature, relevant web sites, satellite data for comic ray, IMF and solar wind parameters, models of the polar cap potential difference, ionospheric, atmospheric, and conductivity models.

Interaction of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with the system magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere (P.I.Y. Velinov) (2)

Main activities • Developing of a numerical simulation models for the cosmic ray ionization and the model of the link between polar-cap electric potential distribution and GAEC. • Analysis with the model of a representative set of cases • Conclusions about the link 'Solar wind - GAEC'. Outputs • A numerical simulation models representing CR ionization and the link between polar-cap potrential and GAEC. • Sample results of the modeling obtained for a representative set of cases • Estimates of the influence of the solar wind to GAEC under different conditions magnitude of deviation of the main F region parameters from their regular variability patterns, caused by space weather events and its latitudinal and seasonal dependence.

Interaction of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with the system magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere (P.I.Y. Velinov), Publications (1) 1. Mishev A., P.I.Y. Velinov. The Effect of Model Assumptions on Computations of Cosmic Ray Induced Ionization in the Atmosphere. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 2010, 72, 476 - 481. 2. Buchvarova M., P.I.Y. Velinov. Empirical Model of Cosmic Ray Spectrum in Energy Interval 1 MeV - 100 GeV during 11 - Year Solar Cycle. J. Adv. Space Res., 2010, 45,

Issue 8, 1, 1026 - 1034. 3 Eroshenko E., P.I.Y. Velinov, A. Belov, V. Yanke, E. Pletnikov, Y. Tassev, A. Mishev, L. Mateev. Relationships between Neutron Fluxes and Rain Flows. J. Adv. Space Res., 2010, 46, 637 - 641. 4. Alexandrov L., A. Mishev, P.I.Y. Velinov. Parameterization of Ionization Yield Function Y Produced by Cosmic Ray Nuclei in the Atmosphere. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2010, 63, 4, 571-582.5. Mishev A., P.I.Y. Velinov, L. Mateev. Atmospheric Ionization Due to Solar Cosmic Rays from 20 January 2005 Calculated with Monte Carlo Simulations. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2010, 63, 11, 1635 – 1642.

Interaction of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with the system magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere (P.I.Y. Velinov), Publications (2) 6. Tonev P., P.I.Y. Velinov. Conditions for Creation of Streamers in Lower Ionosphere above Lightning Discharges with Continuing Currents. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2010, 63, 12, 1787-1794.7. Buchvarova M., P.I.Y. Velinov, I. Buchvarov. Model Approximation of Cosmic Ray Spectrum. Planet. Space Sci., 2011, 59, 4, 355-363.8. Grono G., C. Mertens, J. Lilensten, L. Desorgher, E. Flueckiger, P.I.Y. ff Velinov. Ionization processes in the atmosphere of Titan. III - Ionization by high-Z cosmic rays. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2011, 529, 5, p. A143-A146.9. Mishev A., P.I.Y. Velinov. Normalized ionization yield function for various nuclei obtained with full Monte Carlo simulations. J. Adv. Space Res., 2011, 48, 19-24. 10. Mishev A., P.I.Y. Velinov, L. Mateev, Y. Tassev. Ionization effect of solar protons in the Earth atmosphere - case study of the 20 January 2005 SEP event. J. Adv. Space Res., 2011, 48, 1232-1237. 11. Tonev P., P.I.Y. Velinov. Model Study of the Influence of Solar Wind to Electric Currents and Fields in Polar Middle Atmosphere. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2011, 64, 12.

Interaction of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with the system magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere (P.I.Y. Velinov), Publications (3) 12. Mishev A., P.I.Y. Velinov, L. Mateev. Ion production Rate Profiles in the Atmosphere due to Solar Energetic Particles on 28 October 2003 Obtained with CORSIKA 6.52 Simulations. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2011, 64, 6, 859-866.13. Mishev A., P.I.Y. Velinov. Renormalized Ionization Yield Function Y for Different Nuclei Obtained with Full Monte Carlo Simulations. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2011, 64, 7, 997-1006. 14. Velinov P.I.Y., S. Asenovski, L. Mateev. Simulation of Cosmic Ray Ionization Profiles in the Middle Atmosphere and Lower Ionosphere with Account to Characteristic Energy Intervals. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2011, 64, 9, 1303 - 1310.15. Mishev A., P.I.Y. Velinov. Contribution of Cosmic Ray Nuclei of Solar and Galactic Origin to Atmospheric Ionization During SEP Event on 20 January 2005. Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 2012, 65, 3.16. Velinov P.I.Y., A. Mishev, S. Asenovski, L. Mateev. New Operational Models for CR Ionization in Space Physics. Bulg. J. Phys. 2011, 38, 264 - 273.

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