cosmology at lam cosmology at lam a deep and wide look in the universe jean-paul kneib laboratoire...
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Cosmology at LAMCosmology at LAM
A deep and wide look in the Universe
Jean-Paul Kneib
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille
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Cosmology at LAMCosmology at LAM
A growing cosmology centre in France (~20 researchers) Many projects: Observational and Instrumental (for space and ground observatories) A strong link with particle physicist in Luminy (CPPM+CPT)
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PeoplePeople
Faculty/Researcher:• Jean-Paul Kneib• Christophe Adami• Stéphane Arnouts• Stéphane Basa• J.-Gabriel Cuby• Jean-Michel Deharveng• Olivier Le Fevre• Vincent Lebrun• Roger Malina• Alain Mazure• Laurence Tresse• Marie Treyer (in Caltech)• Anne Ealet• Charling Tao
PhD students• Marie-Helene Aumenier• Melanie Filiol• Pascale Hibon• Eric Jullo• Sylvain De Latorre • Alexie Leauthaud• Baptiste Meneux
Postdocs• Lidia Tasca• Jacob Walcher
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Cosmology ThemesCosmology Themes
• Deep galaxy surveys: a statistical & multi-wavelength approach on galaxy evolution (GALEX, VLT/VIMOS, HST, Spitzer)
• Supernovae in the SNLS: constrain on the cosmological parameters
• Gravitational lensing: Dark matter distribution in bounded structures (clusters, groups & galaxies)
• The first galaxies in the Universe: finding and studying the most distant galaxies (Ly-alpha search, lensing search)
• Physics of clusters of galaxies: from low to higher z• IGM properties: using distant quasars and spectra of
Galex sources.
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BIG Galaxy SurveysBIG Galaxy Surveys
500-600 spectra in one shot
2D spectra of a single galaxy
Red
Blue
λ
Measuring Spectra with VIMOS (builtAt LAM) ! Aim to get ~100000 spectra
VLT
VIMOS
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Deep Galaxy SurveysDeep Galaxy Surveys
LAM is involved in many different galaxy surveys aiming at tracing galaxy evolution as a function of time up to z~4
VVDS: The “VIMOS VLT Deep Survey”
A I-band magnitude selected survey
- shallow IAB<22.5 on 10 sq degrees (on 5 fields):
~30 000 redshifts
- deep IAB<24 on 1.2 sq. degree: ~15 000 redshifts
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N(z), IN(z), IABAB2424<z>=0.76
VVDSredshift desert
Peaks at z~0.8High redshift tail to z~5
VVDS redshift desert: due to 5500-9300Å observations
VVDS: Redshift distributionVVDS: Redshift distribution
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Comparing Observations & Comparing Observations & SimulationsSimulations
Constraints on galaxy evolution in the Universe
0.7 < z < 0.80.5 < z < 0.6
0.5 < z < 0.6 0.7 < z < 0.8
Galaxy densities
Courtesie Marinoni
Observations
Simulations
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VVDS: Evolution of galaxy types
2-3x increase with z for early types5-10x decrease in latest types
Spectral types (SED fit to photometry)
Early type vs. Latest types LF (2 of 4 types)
Zucca et al. astroph/0506393
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High redshift galaxies 1.5<z<4.5
2 to 6 times more galaxies at z~3 than previously thought !
BHZGs: A missing link between various populations seen so far ?LBGs, DRGs, SMBGs, BzK…
Le Fèvre et al., Nature, in press
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COSMOS Survey FeaturesCOSMOS Survey FeaturesThe Largest Contiguous Area observed with Hubble (cycle 12-13)The Largest Contiguous Area observed with Hubble (cycle 12-13)
Large Area: 1.4 x 1.4 deg => Cover largest large scale structures (~2.1014 Solar Mass)
=> Rare Objects at high redshift (total of ~2.1016 galaxies)
High Sensitivity ( I ~27 mag, 10) and High Resolution (~0.1”) => Morphology of L* galaxies at z < 2
=> Strong and weak lensing (probe of DM)
Equatorial Field: 10h +02=> Multi- observations from all telescopes
Complementary to other Deep Survey(UDF, GOODS, GEMS, CFHTLS,
VVDS, DEEP, SDSS …)
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ACSHUBBLETreasury DataPI:Nick ScovilleCaltech
590 orbits:ACS/F814W(~2 sq.deg)+NICMOS-3/F160W(7% of area)
Shown:477 orbits as ofmid May 2005
NICMOS-31.6 m -- 24mag~7% of area
ACS I-band
1.4
degr
ee
Koekemoer et al
Native: 100k x 100k imageNative: 100k x 100k imageDrizzled: 165k x 165k Drizzled: 165k x 165k => 100 Gb image !!!=> 100 Gb image !!!
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Massey et al
Cluster at z=0.73
Weak Lensing
Mass Map on central
1 sq.degree
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RREE=1.7”=1.7”
First Strong Lensing First Strong Lensing Systems in COSMOSSystems in COSMOS
RREE=3”=3”
Faure et al
We expect 20-50 strong lensing systems,Sample comparable in size to other stronglensing surveys!!!Probe mass dsitribution and Cosmology(?)
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Faint Sample: (270 hours)Ground based Color selected to probe
high redshift (1.5<z<2.5 tail)Blue Low Res grism; UBVR+
BzK selection~13000 redshifts central area
bright catalogue
Faint colour-
selected catalogue
zCOSMOS: VIMOS Redshift surveyzCOSMOS: VIMOS Redshift survey
Bright Sample: (270 hours)ACS selected: IAB<22.5Red Med Res grism -> velocity ~27000 redshifts full area
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Other Deep Galaxy SurveysOther Deep Galaxy SurveysCFHT-Legacy survey: Ugriz imaging with Megacam at
CFHT
- WIDE: cosmic shear motivated
- DEEP: galaxy evolution and Supernovae Survey (SNLS)
WIRDS: WIRCAM Deep Surveys
Aim to cover 3 square degrees in the infrared (J,H,K) with the new WIRCAM camera
ZEN: z Equals ~Nine
Narrow-band Lyman alpha survey at z~8.8 using infrared cameras
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SuperNova Legacy Survey2003-2008
• CFHT partly dedicated to SN search, 8m telescopes on alert
• Observation every month
• More than 150 SN found
• Hard to do better from the ground
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data analysis physics
Supernovae: comological Supernovae: comological constraintsconstraints
Images
Spectra
redshift identification
Ia
magnitude
M ,
Hubble
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Cluster LensesCluster Lenses
Cluster of Galaxies are powerful lenses:
Cluster mass distribution Finding high redshift
magnified galaxies Cosmological constraints
(cosmography)
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First Light with First Light with Cluster LensesCluster Lenses
Most distant galaxies and their properties, ACS+NICMOS search on HST
Narrow band searches Probing re-ionisation
SpitzerHST
Kneib et al 2004
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Future projects
• NIRSPEC on JWST (galaxy evolution, z>7)• DUNE/SNAP (lensing+SN)• ECLAIRS (GRB+high-z)• Participation on HERSCHELL
• EMIR on GRANTECAN (high-z)• Multi-IFU spectrographs on ELTs
(first galaxies and Sne, probing 7<z<18)
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Le Next Generation Space Le Next Generation Space Telescope: JWSTTelescope: JWST
NIRSPEC Spectrograph(Astrium/LAM)
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Wide Field Imager in SpaceWide Field Imager in Space
IFU spectrograph slicer visible+IR3’’x3’’ , [0.35-1.7]m (LAM)
JDEM/SNAP
JDEM/SNAP
• Probe cosmology and dark energy using lensing and SuperNovae, interest for galaxy evolution
•SNAP and DUNE projects
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A unique example a z~6.3 GRBs
Detection with TAROT (OHP)Photometric redshift with VLT
Redshift with Subaru
GRBs are true cosmological probe !
+ 25 s +50 s +70 s
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
TAROT
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ECLAIRSHorizon 2009
Interface with satellite
Camera Gamma of 80°x80°Find gamma-ray burst ~5 keV-100 keV
X-ray/optical telescope to Locate the burst within 1 arcmin
Need optical ground based telescope (optical+IR)to produced light curves and measure precise redshift
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MOMFIS on OWLMOMFIS on OWL
A multi-object, multi-IFU instruments
Probe the 7<z<18 universe: galaxies and SNe
30 IFUs, 20 mas pixel size for a 50 mas resolution, using Slicers (LAM technology)
Similar concepts for TMT (to be tested on 8-10 meters?)
Developpement of OH supression filter/fibersMOMFIS (preliminary study)
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Have a Nice Visit !Have a Nice Visit !