cosmic tests and performance of the atlas semi-conductor tracker barrels bilge demirköz oxford...
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Cosmic tests and Performance of the ATLAS Semi-Conductor Tracker
Barrels
Bilge DemirközOxford University
On behalf of the ATLAS SCT Collaboration
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Overview• Description of a barrel module• Macro-assembly: Modules Barrels• Data Acquisition System: Calibration mode
– Barrel tests, check for common mode noise– Performance
• 4 Barrels integration “SCT” • SCT + TRT = Inner Detector Barrel• Data Acquisition System: Physics mode• Cosmics!
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SCT Barrel ModuleEach side has:• 2 silicon sensors
– Hamamatsu– 768 instrumented strips– Strip pitch = 80µm
• Binary Readout chip: 6 ABCD3T ASICs
– Discriminator– Pipeline– Data compression logic– Readout Buffer
2 sides glued with• 40 mRad stereo angle• TPG baseboard with BeO
ceramic facings– Thermal management– Up to 10W / module at lifetime
dose!12 cm
chan 0
chan 767
40mrad stereo 6cm
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ATLAS inner detector
SCT barrels: 4 layers
SCT endcaps: 9 disks
PixelsTRT
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Barrel 3 macro-assembly
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Hardware Data Flow
ROD BOC
FormattedEvent
MODULE
BPMTTC
SERIALTTCx48
DATA x96
DORIC
VDCDATA
CLK COM
DATA
Electrical Domain
Optical Domain
SBCVME
Configuration& Commands
Histograms& Data
Data Path in ATLAS
TIM
Backplane
TTC
BOC Configuration
ROS
FormattedEvent
SLinkReadout Crate
On Detector
Event Builder
TCP
CTP
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Software data flow• Configure and define test • Run… from ROD RawData• FittingService • AnalysisService
– finds optimal settings of the ABCD chip– calculates averages for noise, offsets… – cuts defined for identifying “defects” – publishes TestResults– publishes a subset of the TestResults
(IS)Summaries COOL (database for offline)
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Testing and when?• Modules are tested after
– Production (at module assembly sites)– Macro-assembly (at Oxford)– Reception at CERN– Insertion (at CERN)
• Check that module performance does not change at different stages
• Development of “final running” software through all these stages – Also used for endcaps – How to recover errors on modules?
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Typical Test Sequence• Basic Tests
– Establish Communication– Optimise Opto settings
• Digital Tests– Verify Communication– Do trigger counters work?
• Analogue Tests– Measure Gain, Offset, Noise– Measure Noise Occupancy– Look for Time Structure– Detect excess noise possibly related to high frequency, synchronous
triggers• Check module supply and sensor currents
The Binary Architecture of the ATLAS SCT dictates that analogue information must be extracted by scanning chip thresholds.
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Histogram Data(from ROD)
ChannelFits
CalibrationCurves
Fit
Analyse
Analyse
Channelthresholdcorrections
Channel
DA
C s
ett
ing
Threshold in mV
Thre
shold
in
mV
Example Calibration
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Results
<noise occupancy>
= 4 x 10-5
Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC)
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Checks for common mode noise
The number of hits per event is summed and histogrammed.
• At higher thresholds, all entries should fall in the 0-3 bin– “Good Chip!”
• Any “spikes” might suggest the presence of common mode– “Bad Chip?”
• One event with between 12 - 15 hits• Vertical scale – Threshold in mV with
reference to 1.0fC – so 20mV is ~1.3fC• Except when coincident with other
known defects, effects such as this were not reproducible.
No significant common mode noise observed!
Good Chip!
Bad Chip?
Plots for Module 20220040200324
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Double Trigger Noise
• Verify that the detector readout does not generate noise in subsequent events
• Send two consecutive triggers separated by a controlled time interval
• Scan around 132 bco = pipeline depth
• Pipeline == stores data until trigger (L1A) is received.
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# of bcos
6 x10-4
3 x10-5
# o f
bc o
s
Barrel 3 LMT09 z-4Lower side of the module
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Light leak!• One opto-package
leaks light onto sensor
• Effect occurs at bin 136
111010nnnnbbbbbbbb
time
chan
nels
2 light leaks on Barrel3:
occupancy of 6 x10-4 on a few channels
very small effect in the large picture…
Optopackages on other barrels fixedbefore macro-assembly No lightleaks found!
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Channel Defect StatisticsBarrel Total
ChannelsNot
bondedDead Not
ReachablePart
bonded
Noisy Other Total Defects
3 589824 180 357 384 91 460 11 1483
4 737280 55 245 256 16 242 27 841
5 884736 173 770 256 97 492 30 1818
6 1032192 385 2513 640 197 1936 49 5720
Total 3244032 793 3885 1536 401 3130 117 9862
The Bottom Line: 99.8% working
channels!
Here add the graph From the module paper Showing number of defects On module
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Insertion of B3, 20/09/2005Insertion of B3, 20/09/2005
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SCT inserted into
the TRT17/02/2006
•Poster by Heinz Pernegger on “SCT Integration and Testing”
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Barrel TRT• Proportional counters embedded in radiator
– 4mm diameter straw tube, 30µm wire– 1.4m long wires, readout on both ends – Cosmics: Ar:CO2 = 70:30
• 73 layers of straws ~ 36 hits per track
• Total number of straws: ~ 210176• Noise occupancy = 2% in 75nsec
Final: Xe:CO2:O2 = 70:27:3Drift time accuracy ~140µmMeasured with efficiency 87%
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Cosmics setup
• SCT: 504modules12RODs, 1TIM, 1Master LTP
• TRT: 2x6568 chan9RODs, 3 TTCv, 1 Slave LTP
• 3 Scintillators144cmx40cmx2.5cm
• TDC/QDC measurementTrigger time jitter ~ 0.5nsec~ 300MeV cutoff for alignment
studies
View from outside towards Side A
20cm of concrete
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TDC/ADC measurementMeasure • time of flight between scintillators • charge deposited by the muonfor event and momentum selection
Measure • Relative time of trigger with respect to system clockfor phase corrections
• TDC, Time resolution ~ 35 psec• ADC, Charge resolution ~100 fC• Decoded online and performed simple time checks• Not yet decoded and used in the offline.
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Physics mode of SCT
• Set thresholds to optimal 1fC • Read 3 time bins instead of 1: Expanded mode
– 1 time bin = 25 nsec
• Accept any hit in these three time bins• Latency in components: trigger, TIM, ROD, BOC, cable/fibre
lengths… ~ 30bcos• SCT has a pipeline depth of 132 bcos• Need to delay this signal by the right amount
• TRT: reads every 3.125nsec and 24 time bins (total of 75 nsec).
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A module sees cosmics!
• Coincidences between module sides
• And histogram for each module!
• On ROD, histogram while scanning through BOC Tx coarse delays (32bcos)
noise
Coincidences between module sides = cosmics!
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Tracks through the top
sector of the SCT and the
TRT
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Summary• ATLAS SCT Barrel Integration is complete!
– All 2112 modules tested – 99.8% of 3.2 million channels working
• The Data Acquisition System, SctRodDaq, has been developed– Largest system to date: 1 crate, 14 ROD/BOC pairs, 672 modules– Ongoing work on multi-crate readout– On-ROD monitoring of dataflow – Can “time-in” the readout for physics data taking
• Combined sector test (SCT + TRT) with Cosmics from May 2006
• Offline is looking at the data right now… – Present residuals from tracks (without alignment) are better than the
specified building tolerances.
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Next steps• Collect high statistics sample of cosmics muons for
alignment studies
• Offline decoding of the timing (TDC) information– Efficiency estimates– Alignment studies
• Digitization work – Use the online noise and defects lists from the COOL
database in SCT simulation
• Move to the pit in Summer 2006• Endcaps move into the pit Fall 2006
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Backup slides
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TTCvx
Trigger and Timing
Trigger
LTP TTCvi
L1Ain L1Aout/clocked
BC BC
BC
A-channel
B-channel
OptoLink
TIM
SCT
TRT LTP
Busy
Orbit Orbit
ADCTDC
Corbostart
OR
phase
delayL1Ain
Latency in components: trigger, TIM, ROD, BOC, cable/fibre lengths… ~ 30bcos
NIM
VME
LTP= Local Timing Processor
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SCT Sector
• Cooling (3kW of power -- SCT sector only)
• 800,000 channels in the SCT
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SCT Module Readout• 1 TX fibre = clock+command for each module• 2 RX/data links • fibre-optic communication
opto-package(DORIC+VDC)
connection to the module
redundant TTCfrom neighboring module
dog-leg
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Opto-package
Chip S11
module
Side view of the barrel
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SCT databases• DAQ parameters:
– Configuration data (chip settings,…) (frequently updated): 2MB/update
– Average noise, offsets(…) for each chip and lists of defects for each module: ??MB/calibration
• DCS parameters: 100MB/day– Temperatures, currents for each module
• All in COOL by offline identifier• Should be easy to correlate
– Noise versus current
– Figures given for commissioning of full barrel
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SctRodDaqFramework
-- simplify!!
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Readout: Redundancy• If one side of the module can not be readout from its
master chip due to opto-failure, it can be readout through the other side excepting its own master chip.
M0 S2S1 S3 E5S4
M8 S10S9 S11 E13S12
Link 0
Link 1
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Readout: Redundancy• If one side of the module can not be readout from its
master chip due to opto-failure, it can be readout through the other side excepting its own master chip.
M0 S2S1 S3 E5S4
M8 S10S9 S11 E13S12
Link 0
Link 1
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Readout: Redundancy• Modified module connects M8 to E13 and allows all
12 chips to be readout. • (similarly for M0 after E5 for Link 0 opto-failure)• Prototype has been made and tested. Will be
available for Barrel 6 construction
M0 S2S1 S3 E5S4
M8 S10S9 S11 E13S12
Link 0
Link 1
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Correlated Noise??• Occupancy per event in Noise Occupancy Test• Binomial Distribution
Th
resh
old
ove
r 1
fC
128 channels max
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OPE Analysis: LMT21 Z-6
high thresholdT
hre
shol
d o
ver
1fC
Channels