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Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on Advancing VLF through the Global AWESOME Network

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Page 1: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s)

Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin CottsStanford University, Stanford, CA

IHY Workshop on Advancing VLF through the Global AWESOME Network

Page 2: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 3: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 4: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 5: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 6: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 7: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 8: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 9: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 10: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 11: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on
Page 12: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Gamma Rays and the Ionosphere

Solar ionization disappears at night Recombination rates on the order of ms Nighttime density maintained by cosmic ray flux

Page 13: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Gamma-ray bursts

Associated with very energetic explosions Collapsing star

Supernova formation

Typically lasts a few ms to several minutes

Accidentally discovered by Vela-3 spacecraft in 1967

Page 14: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Gamma-ray waveform

Broad variety of durations and shapes

Page 15: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Gamma-ray burst on the ionosphere

From Fishman et al. 1988

Page 16: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Massive gamma-ray burst

From Inan et al. 2007

Page 17: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Second timescale characteristics

From Inan et al. 2007

-25 dB disturbance!!

From Inan et al. 2007

Page 18: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Minutes timescale characteristic

From Inan et al. 1988

Slow recovery

Page 19: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Hour timescale characteristic

From Inan et al. 2007

Recovery lasts for over 1 hour!

Page 20: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

ELF emissions generated

From Inan et al. 2007

Mechanism for ELF emissions in question….

Page 21: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

GRBs/SGRs and VLF sensing

VLF remote sensing of D-region ionosphere

GRBs repeatedly disturb ionosphere

Page 22: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

NLK: 16-hour observationsLargest disturbances

Page 23: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

NLK: most spectacular cases

Page 24: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

SGR-Illuminated hemisphere

January 22nd, 2009, 6:48 UT Calculated using http://home.att.net/~srschmitt/script_celestial2horizon.html

Page 25: Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on

Sunrise position

0250 UT

0650 UT

1050 UT


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