cosima for the esa mission rosetta - vh-s.de
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vH&SRAUMFAHRT • FORSCHUNG • INDUSTRIE
COmetary Secondary Ion Mass AnalyserCOSIMA for the ESA Mission ROSETTAH. Henkel q, H. Hofner w, J. Kissel e, A. Koch q, M. Hilchenbach e— q von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH (vH&S), Schwetzingen,
w Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, e Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie (MPAe), Katlenburg-Lindau
The COSIMA Instrument
Electronics Box
Dust Inlet
Target Manip. Unit
COSISCOPE
Ion Source (Clean)
Ion Source (Analyse)
Primary Ion Optics
Drift Tube
Ion Reflector
COSIMA’s Scientific ObjectivesTarget: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
• Analysis of the elemental composition (and isotopiccomposition of some key elements) of cometary grains.
• Chemical characterisation of the main organic compo-nents, present homologuous and functional groups.
• Mineralic and petrographic characterisation of the inor-ganic phases—all related to solar system chemistry.
COSIMA SpecificationsAtomic mass range 1. . . 4000DaRelative atomic mass resolution m/dm at m=300 >2500COSIMA instrument mass 19.8 kgIndium ion pulse duration ≈5nsIndium ion energy 8 keVPower consumption from 28V DC 20.4W
The COSIMA Team
vH&S The von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH is prime con-tractor and responsible for the overall design, man-agement, production, and qualification testing.
The Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrischePhysik (MPE), Garching, Germany, then with Di-rector Prof. G. Haerendel, hosted the PI Dr. JochenKissel, contributed TMU and mechanical systems.
The Bergische Universitat und Gesamthoch-schule Wuppertal (BUGH) participated in devel-opment of the data acquisition unit TDC.
The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI),Helsinki, Finland, provided the GSE and theCOSIMA flight software.
The Ingenieurburo Dr. Franz Krueger, Darm-stadt, Germany, provided cleanliness analyses, sci-entific methods for spectra interpretation, and de-velopmental effort for collector targets.
The Institut d’ Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Or-say, France, developed the COSISCOPE cameraand the power converters.
The Osterreichisches Forschungszentrum Sei-bersdorf Ges.m.b.H. (ARCS), Austria, providedthe Primary Ion Sources (PIS).
The Institut fur Weltraumforschung (IWF),Graz, Austria, developed the HV supply for the PIS.
The Laboratoire de Physique & Chimie del’Environnement (LPCE), Orleans, France, pro-vided the primary ion optics (PIBS).
The Universitat der Bundeswehr, Neubiberg,Germany, provided collector targets.
Nyle Utterback, Santa Barbara, CA, did the ionoptics design.
The Institut fur Planetologie, Munster, Germany,performed TOF-SIMS analysis of analogs for scien-tific and instrumental comparison.
The Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie(MPAe), Katlenburg-Lindau, provides scienceoperations.
The ROSETTA Spacecraft
ROSETTA at Comet
—Artist’s view
COSIMA Timeline
1992 ESA performs Pre-Study for newCometary Mission “ROSETTA”.
Dr. J. Kissel, MPK Heidelberg,presents dust mass spectrometerconcept based on CoMA/CRAF(NASA mission, canceled).
Sep. 1993 ESA selects ROSETTA asnew “Cornerstone Mission.”
June 1994 Dr. Kissel contacts insti-tutes for contributions, preparesexp. proposal “COSIMA” to ESA.
Dec. 1995 ESA selects COSIMA forthe ROSETTA mission.
Summer 1996 vH&S starts develop-ment of COSIMA eng. model.
1998 vH&S receives contract for theCOSIMA flight model.
July 2002 vH&S delivers the COSIMAflight model (XM) to ESTEC.
Jan. 2003 ROSETTA launch (Kourou)postponed by ESA.
July 2003 COSIMA emitter mainte-nance session at GSC, Kourou.
26 Feb. 2004 Planned launch date.
Aug. 2014 Arrival (prelim.) at comet67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
COSIMA Functional Principle
Target
Target
Target
Indium
Camera(Camera Pos.)
Ion Optics Ion Source
Ion Reflector
Ion Detector
Electronics
Robotic Arm with Target(Spectrometer Pos.)
(Collect Position)
Cometary Dust
Target Store
(Chemistry Station)
Tungsten Needle
Secondary Ion Beam
Primary Ion Beam
cosima−func−en.fig
ROSETTASpacecraft
Drift Tube
COSIMA Block Diagram
Divider Chain
Power
Data
KAL
Data
Amp.
Sensors
Motors
Start
Poi
nt to
Tar
get
PIBS
Camera
GND
COSISCOPE
TMU
PIS ControlPIBS ControlDeflection Cntl.InterfaceControl
Deflection Cntl. ControlHK−Unit
S/C−Interface
Casc.Supply HVC
Cascade Cascade
Chain
(DET−CASC)(PA−CASC)
(TOF1/2−HVC)
(D−, A−CNTL)(D−CNTL, A−CNTL)(D−CNTL, A−CNTL)
(Board Names in Brackets)
Chop. HVCBunch. HVC
GeneratorPIBS TimingPIBSCameraTMU
Primary Ion
Divider
DetectorPost−Accel.
(SERIF)
Low−VoltageTOF−HVCTOF
Secondary Ion Reflector
(D−, A−CNTL) (D−, A−CNTL)(HK1, HK2)
Switch Unit(LVS)(D−CNTL)
(SERIF)(TMUC, TMUD−A, −B)
BootPROM SRAM
Program WatchDog
Latch−Up−Cntl.
CPU21020
DataSRAMEEPROM
ProgramBusI/F LVC
(LVC)
(TDC−TDC)
CO
SIM
A E
xper
imen
t Bus
Cam
era
TM
U
TD
C
PIS
, PIB
S, T
OF
Sta
tuse
s
Tem
pera
ture
s
Cur
rent
s
Vol
tage
s
Sta
rt
COSIMA Experiment Bus
CC
D
(DET−NW)
Ion Path
Extr. Lens
Reflector
Ion Detector
Target
Emitter AChopper
3−Stage Buncher
Emitter CLC1
LA1
Analyze Beam
Clean Beam
HVCU_px
U_peHVC
Beam Switch
Drift Tube
$Revision: 1.15 $
HVCHVC Dual−HVCDeflection Unit
Deflection UnitTOF−HVC
PA−HVC(PA/DET−HVC) (PA/DET−HVC)
(PIBS/TOF−DU)(TOF3−HVC)
(PIBS/TOF−DU) (L1/2−HVC) (L1/2−HVC)(CB−HVC)(CB−HVC)
Lenses 2 Lenses 1Beam Switch
TDC(TDC−TDC, −DAC,
−PTC, −TRIG) (CPU)
DET−HVC
(BS−HVC)
Hea
ter
Sup
ply
cosimablk.fig
LA2
LC2
COSIMA Measurement Principle
• Cometary dust is collected on targets, which are stored in Target ManipulationUnit (TMU).
• The dust grains are located by microscopic camera COSISCOPE.• A pulsed primary Indium ion beam partially ionises the dust grains.• The secondary ions (pos. or neg., selectable) are accelerated by electrical fields,and travel well-defined distance through drift tube and ion reflector.
• A multisphere plate with dedicated amplifier is used to detect the ions.• The arrival times of the ions are digitised and accumulated into 2ns bins.• The mass spectra are calculated from the time-of-flight spectra.
The COSIMA InvestigationCOSIMA has been proposed, developed, and delivered by an international teamof 39 investigators. The PI Jochen Kissel (MPAe) and 4 CoPIs Yves Langevin (IAS),Rita Schulz (ESTEC), Johan Silen (FMI), and Hanna von Hoerner (vH&S) areleading the investigation. Funding comes from DARA/DLR and the respectiveother national agencies. The special support by ESTEC in a critical situationbefore delivery is gratefully acknowledged.
COSIMA Contact, Links
COSIMA Info von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, Schlossplatz 8, D-68723 Schwet-zingen, Germany, http://www.vh-s.de, Tel.: (+49) 6202 / 5756-16,E-mail: [email protected]. This poster is available at:http://www.vh-s.de/projects/cosima/press/a4poster.pdf
MPAe Homepage http://www.linmpi.mpg.de
MPE Homepage http://www.mpe.mpg.de
FMI COSIMA Homepage http://www.geo.fmi.fi/PLANETS/Cosima.html
ROSETTA Homepage http://rosetta.esa.int
Poster first presented at EGS-AGU-EUG joint assembly, Nice, France, 10 April 2003. Revised and extended 22 April 2004, Rev. 1.106. Poster by pdfTEX.