corrosion testing of materials in geothermal steam
TRANSCRIPT
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The GeoWell project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654497
Corrosion testing of materials in geothermalsteamIngolfur Thorbjornsson, Gunnar S. Kaldal
Head of Geothermal Engineering Engineer
Iceland GeoSurvey Iceland GeoSurvey
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Geothermal Well Materials and design!
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Production casing
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Geothermal Drilling experience
• Complex cemistry ➔ Complex
material problems
Microvoid in stainless steel
Chemical reaction between
geothermal gas and steel
surface gives:
H2S + M -> MS + 2H+ + 2e-
M (Fe, Mn)
Formation of Hydrogen
molecules in microvoids gives
pressure up to 2000 bar
resulting in cracks inside
material.
Cracks
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Geothermal drilling experience.
• Testing of material after several years in service:
• Impact strength reduced significantly
• Material ability to take elongation under load reduced significantly
F
➔
F
Cracks forms under loading
Fractured surface of test specimen
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Geothermal well K39 – Krafla Geothermal field
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Krafla K-39 Depth 1600 m
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Corrosion and Tensile testing K-39
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Corrosion rate in the IDDP-1 well
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-0,050
0,000
0,050
0,100
0,150
0,200
0,250
0,300
0,350
0,400
0,450
0,500
SAF 2507 254SMO SM2550 13Cr 316L K55 TN95 S235
mm/year 0,001 0,006 -0,005 0,248 0,006 0,419 0,371 0,478
Co
rro
sio
n r
ate
[m
m/y
ear
]
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Materials tested: Cladded and stand alone
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High temperature Autoclave testing
• Testing in 210° and 450°C at the same time in the same steam conditions
• Steam at 210°C from wellhead with 20 bar pressure through autoclave at well head conditions
• Temperature raised to 450°C with geothermal steam flowing through the autoclave
• Same set of materials at bothtemperatures
• Cladded noble material on carbon steelbase material
• Stand alone materials
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Testing at well head temperature and pressure
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Testing in Autoclave at 450°C and 20 bar
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Geothermal steam wented through the autoclave
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Temperature and pressure
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Sample racks after testing
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Samples from 450°C ready for analysing
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Thank you for your attention!
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