corrections chapter 4 ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions
Chapter 4
Community Correction Assumptions
Offenders’ criminal records/current offenses are not serious enough to warrant incarceration.
Community supervision is cheaper than incarceration.
Recidivism rates are no higher than those in prison. Ex-inmates require support and supervision as they
rebuild their lives.
Probation
The History and Development of Probation John Augustus
Boston Police Court 1841 Benefit of clergy
Protection under the authority of the church Judicial reprieve recognizance
Suspension of a sentence for good behavior
Probation
Recognizance Boston Municipal Court Judge Peter Oxenbridge
Thatcher was the originator of this practice Implied supervision of the court Sum of money, surety Forfeit by nonperformance Humanizing criminal law and mitigating harshness
Discussion Question
Discuss if the current probation system is similar to the ideology of Augustus, or has time changed the overall goals of the system set forth by this pioneer.
Probation
The History and Development of Probation The modernization of probation
Social work role (support services) Law enforcement role (control and surveillance) Medical model (rehabilitation) Reintegration model (assessed clients) Risk management (surveillance and control)
Intermediate Sanctions
Rationale Instead of probation Instead of prison
Most sanctions in Western democracies do not involve imprisonment
Prison is ineffective Tailor punishment to offender’s situation
Discussion Question
What if ALL first time, non-violent offenders were given intermediate sanctions as a sentence regardless of race, age, gender or other demographics? The only rule is the crime must be a misdemeanor or a non-violent felony. What effect would this have on the criminal justice system and corrections?
Intermediate Sanctions
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Intermediate Sanctions
Problems with Intermediate Sanctions Selecting agencies—have staff and experience
to design programs Selecting offenders—crime and criminal
considered Net widening—social control
Wider nets, stronger nets, different nets
Intermediate Sanctions
Varieties of Intermediate Sanctions Judiciary
Pretrial diversion—targets drug offenders Fines Forfeiture—seized property Community service & restitution—free labor and a
a sum of money for victim
Intermediate Sanctions
Varieties of Intermediate Sanctions Sanctions administered in the community
Day reporting (treatment) centers Probation/restitution centers Intensive supervision probation Home confinement Electronic monitoring
Discussion Question
What if the United States began fining people for drug possession? For instance, first time offenders would face a minimum of $1,000 or 30 days in jail (their choice). Second time offenders would face a $5,000 fine or 90 days in jail. Third time offenders would face 1 year in prison or a $50,000 fine. Would this approach work? Explain.
Intermediate Sanctions
Varieties of Intermediate Sanctions
Sanctions administered in institutions and the community
Shock incarceration
Boot camp
Intermediate Sanctions
Making Intermediate Sanctions Work Sentencing issues
Principle of interchangeability
Selection of offenders The target group—less costly than prison, effective
alternative to probation Problems of bias—race, gender, age
Surveillance and control
Discussion Question
What if programs such as Scared Straight and other programs based on the in-your-face tough approach used a more educational and rehabilitation approach with teens and young adults? Would this approach be more effective? Explain.
The New Correctional Professional
Three Major Shifts in the Working Environment Nongovernment organizations emerged to
administer community corrections programs Increased emphasis on accountability and
reduction in discretion Principles of criminal justice more important
than professional relationships with clients
Community Corrections Legislation
Reducing the Reliance on Prison Evaluation of Community Corrections
Legislation Three aims
Reduce rate and number of people sent to correctional facilities
Reduce tax revenues spent on corrections Reduce prison populations
The Future of CommunityCorrections
Three Recurring Problems Tendency to increase level of corrections
Need to increase community support for community corrections
Purpose must be clarified
Justice reinvestment Community assistance to rebuild crime-prevention
programs