3

ut iTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

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ARMORED DIVISIONENGINEER BATTALION

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HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYMAY 1958

*FM 5-134

FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS,DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

No. 5-134 WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 5 May 1958

ARMORED DIVISION ENGINEER BATTALION

Paragraphs I'agoCHAI'TZR 1. INTRODUTCTIONSection I. General -------- - 1, 2 4

II. Organization andml equipment. 3-5 4III. Assignment and capabilities - 6, 7 8

('I.1A'TER 2. ARMORED ENGINEERCOMPANY

Section I. General --------- - 8-10 11II. Company headquarters -- - 11, 12 12

III. Command echelon ---- - 13-15 12IV. Administrative echelon -- - 16-20 16V. Platoon -------- - 21-24 19

VI. Squad --------- - 25-28 20VII. Employment and operations. 29-31 22

CHAPTER 3. BRIDGE COMPANYSection I. General -------- - 32-34 25

II. Bridge company headquarters 35,36 28III. Command echelon ---- - 37-39 29IV. Administrative echelon -- - 40, 41 30V. Bridge platoon ----- - 42-46 30

CHAPTER 4. HEADQUARTERS ANDHEADQUARTERSCOMPANY

Section I. General -------- - 47-49 36II. Company headquarters -- - 50,51 38

III. Command echelon ---- - 52,53 39IV. Administrative echelon -- - 54-57 40

V. Equipment platoon- . ... 58-61 41

This manual supersedes FM 5.134, 2 March 1954, and TrainingText 5.134.2February 1957.

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Paragraphs Page

CHAPTER 5. BATTALIONHEADQUARTERS

Section I.II.

III.IV.V.

VI.VII.

VIII.IX.X.

XI.

CHAPTER 6.

Section I.II.

III.IV.

V.VI.

VII.

VIII.IX.X.

XI.XII.

CHAlvrER 7.

Section I.II.

III.IV.

V.

General ----------Command element -----Division engineer section --Administrative section - --Intelligence section ----Operations section -----Battalion supply section --Communications section --Battalion maintenance sectionField maintenance section - -

Medical section ------

BATTALION OPERATIONS

62,6364,6566-6869-7172,7374, 7576-8081,8384-8687-8990-92

General -------- - 93-96Administrative movements --- 97-103Tactical movements -- - - 104-106Signal communications -- - 107-109Offensive action ----- - 110-118Defensive action -- -- - 119-129Defense against atomic

weapons ------- - 130-134Retrograde movements -- - 135,136Defense against guerilla forces 137-141Denial operation -- -- - 142-147River-crossing operations -- 148-153Infantry combat -- -- - 154-156

CONDUCT OF TRAININGGeneral -------- - 157,158Training management -- - 159-164Training phases ----- - 165, 166Company training ---- - 167, 168Training of other troops in

Engineer subjects --- - 169, 170

APL'PENDIX I. REFERENCES .II. RECOMMENDED OUT-

LINE FOR AN SOP ------

4446484951575965687073

7680869096

104

113118119)123127132

137138140143

146

148

155

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APPENDIX Paragraphs PageIlL REORGANIZATION OF

ARMORED DIVISIONENGINEER BAT-TALION FOR COMBATAS INFANTRY -------- 172

INDEX - 18.3

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CHAPTER 1I NTRODUCTION

Section I. GENERAL1. Purpose

The purpose of this manual is to provideguidance to the officers and noncommissionedofficers of the armored division engineer battalionin the performance of their duties.

2. ScopeThis manual contains specific material on the

organization, mission, employment, operationalmethods, training, equipment, administration,and special problems of the armored divisionengineer battalion. It is based upon TOE(ROCAD) 5-215, 5-216, 5-217, and 5-218. Minorchanges in TOE will not affect the manual sinceorganization and equipment are not discussed indetail. The material presented herein is applicableto atomic warfare. Where applicable, appropriatemodifying guidance for nonatomic warfare isintegrated throughout the manual.

Note. See FM 17-50 for logistical policies andprocedures.

Section II. ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT3. Mission

The mission of the armored engineer battalionis to increase the combat effectiveness of theArmored Division by means of general engineer

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work, and to undertake and carry out the combatmissions of an armored infantry battalion whenrequired.

4. Organization of Armored Division

a. The armored division consists of an armoreddivision headquarters and headquarters company,3 armored division combat commands, 4 armoredinfantry battalions, 4 armored division armorbattalions, 90mm, an armored cavalry squadron,armored division artillery, an armored divisionengineer battalion, an armored division signalbattalion, an armored division aviation company,an armored division military police company, anda headquarters and headquarters battery, 3 FAhowitzer battalions, 105mm, SP, and an armoreddivision FA composite battalion. This compositebattalion consists of 2 FA howitzer batteries,155mm, SP, a FA howitzer battery, 8 inch, SP,and 1 FA missile battery, 762mm RKT, SP. Thedivision trains comprises a headquarters andheadquarters detachment, armored division trainsand armored division band, an armored divisionadministration company, an armored divisionmedical battalion, an armored division ordnancebattalion, and an armored division quartermasterbattalion (fig. 1).

b. The armored division has no fixed combatcommand organization. The attachment of thecombat, combat support, and service elements ofthe division to appropriate control headquartersmust be accomplished prior to engaging in com-bat. Five major tactical grouping are normallyemployed: division troops, division trains, and

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the three combat commands. Additional tacticalgroupings may be organized when suitable controlheadquarters are attached to the division, forexample, as armored cavalry regiment.

5. Organization of Engineer BattalionThe armored division engineer battalion con-

sists of a headquarters and headquarters com-pany, four identical engineer companies, and abridge company (fig. 2).

Section Ill. ASSIGNMENT AND CAPABILITIES6. Assignment

The armored division engineer battalion is theengineer component of the armored division asindicated in TOE 17.

7. Capabilitiesa. General. In normal operations, the armored

division engineer battalion provides forward en-gineer support for the armored division. Itreceives support from corps engineer troops inaccomplishing engineer work in the division reararea, in major river crossings, and other specialoperations requiring additional engineer effort.Assistance in engineer staff planning may alsobe provided by the supporting engineer unit orby the corps engineer.

b. Capabilities. The following functions andtasks are carried out in furtherance of the generalmission of providing engineer support for thearmored division.

(1) Provides engineer staff planning and

8 AGO 536CS(

supervision for organic and attachedengineer troops.

(2) Performs construction, repair, andmaintenance of roads, bridges, fords,and culverts.

(3) Provides support of hasty stream cross-ing operations of opportunity with boats,rafts, and bridges; coordination of or-ganic and attached engineer troops fordeliberate river crossings.

(4) Provides fixed bridging for passage ofshort gaps.

(5) Assists in removal of obstacles, includingmines and boobytraps.

(6) Assists in the emplacement of obstacles,including mines and boobytraps.

(7) Prepares and executes demolitions, in-cluding employment of prepositionednuclear weapons.

(8) Assists other troops in preparation offortifications and camouflage.

(9) Performs engineer reconnaissance andintelligence.

(10) Provides general construction, includingconstruction of aircraft landing strips.

(11) Performs construction and placement ofdeceptive devices.

(12) Provides engineer Class II and IV sup-plies.

(13) Provides engineer field maintenance sup-port.

(14) Provides water purification and supply.(15) Provides map supply.

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(16) Provides technical advice to supportedunits on engineering matters, includingrecommendations for employment ofengineer troops.

(17) Provides engineer assistance in assaultof fortified position.

(18) Exploits locally available sources of ma-terials for construction, fortifications,and camouflage.

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CHAPTER 2ARMORED ENGINEER COMPANY

Section I. GENERAL8. Mission

The armored engineer company is an operatingcomponent of the armored division engineer bat-talion and the basic administrative unit in thebattalion. It is equipped to perform generalengineer work facilitating and contributing to thecombat effectiveness of the Armored Division.When required, it undertakes and carries out thecombat missions of an armored infantry company.

9. Organization of Armored Engineer Company

The engineer company has a company head-quarters and three platoons. Each platoon has aheadquarters and three squads (fig. 3).

ENGINEER COMPANYARMORED DISIONr

ENGINEER BATTALION

Figure S.

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10. Equipment of Armored Engineer Company

The company is one hundred percent mobilewith organic vehicles. Major items of equipmentin the armored engineer company are shown inTOE 5-215. The company also has many items ofadministrative, operational, and housekeepingequipment.

Section II. COMPANY HEADQUARTERS11. Mission

The administrative echelon consists of the com-pany clerk and the mess, supply, and equipmentand maintenance sections. Command is notlimited to physical leadership and direction. Itincludes planning; it also includes responsibilityfor the appearance, conduct, and discipline of themen, and safeguarding their health, welfare, andmorale.

12. OrganizationCompany headquarters is formed into a com-

mand echelon and an administrative echelon.

Section III. COMMAND ECHELON13. Organization

The command echelon of company headquartersconsists of the command section and the com-munication section.

14. Command Sectiona. The command section consists of the com-

pany commander, the executive officer, and thefirst sergeant.

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b. The company commander is responsible tothe battalion commander for the administration,training, discipline, supply, appearance, andoperations of his company. His specific dutiesinclude-

(1) Aiding the battalion commander andstaff in developing plans for the employ-ment of his company. When his com-pany is attached to or in support of acombat command, the company com-mander similarly assists the combat com-mander and his staff, by maintainingclose liaison with them, keeping them in-formed of the situation in his company,and recommending the use to be madeof his company in order that it may mosteffectively assist the mission of the com-bat command.

(2) Exercising initiative to keep his com-pany usefully employed when no com-pany missions are assigned.

(3) Analyzing a task, dividing it into itscomponents, and allotting work to hissubordinate commanders.

(4) Supervising work to see that: tasks areperformed properly; correct methods areused; time schedules are met; supply ofmaterials is maintained; difficulties areanticipated and provided for; platooncommanders are given all possible fa-cilities, including personnel and equip-ment from company headquarters orbattalion, to help them execute theirassigned work.

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(5) Inspecting to insure that tools, equip-ment, weapons, transportation, and allclasses of supply are properly main-tained, used, or stored, and that themess, supply, communication, adminis-tration, and maintenance sections areoperating properly.

(6) Conducting continuous engineer recon-naissance, and reporting appropriate in-formation to battalion headquarters andto the unit supported.

c. The executive officer, usually the senior lieu-tenant in the company, is second in command.He assists the company commander in the per-formance of his duties, makes recommendationson company matters, and assumes command inthe company commander's absence. The executiveofficer must keep constantly informed of thesituation, be familiar with the policies of thecompany commander, and be empowered to makedecisions in his name. He may be used as theproject engineer on a job requiring two platoons.either simultaneously or on a two-shift basis, tocoordinate the work and preserve continuity ofeffort. He can be designated as a company liaisonofficer, when required, or as the assistant unitengineer for a unit to which the engineer com-pany or a major fraction thereof is attached.Mess, supply, and transportation are also super-visory responsibilities of the executive officer.

d. The first sergeant is selected by the companycommander as prescribed by current Army Regu-lations. The first sergeant is the principal en-listed assistant to the company commander. He

14 AGO 5365C

coordinates such company activities as mess, sup-ply, transportation, maintenance, and communica-tion. He helps prepare and maintain records,rosters, correspondence, and reports. He acts asa representative between the company commanderand the enlisted men of the company. As a con-struction foreman, he aids the company com-mander in inspecting and supervising trainingand operations. In the absence of all companyofficers, the first sergeant assumes the duties ofthe company commander.

e. The command section provides leadershipand direction for the communication section, ad-ministrative echelon, and platoons not detachedfrom the company. When the company is dividedfor nontactical reasons, company headquartersnormally is located with the most centrally locatedplatoon, or with a two-platoon grouping, if oneexists.

15. Communication Section

a. Organization. The communication sectionconsists of a communications chief, radio opera-tors, a radio mechanic, and a driver.

b. Employment and Operations. The sectionchief is responsible to the company commanderfor the technical performance and military controlof his men. He supervises the operation of thecompany message center, and insures that mes-sages are sent and received promptly and ac-curately. The communication section is alwaysemployed as part of the command echelon ofcompany headquarters. It provides radio servicewhen required, and may also provide telephone

AGO 5368C 15

service. Radio service includes operation of oneradio in the battalion or combat command net,and one radio as a control station in the companynet. Telephone service includes operating tele-phones at company headquarters and providingwiring to the platoon headquarters when thesituation requires or permits. Wire from bat-talion headquarters is provided by the battalionheadquarters communication section.

Section IV. ADMINISTRATION ECHELON

16. Organization

The administrative echelon consists of the com-pany clerk, the mess, supply, and the equipmentand maintenance sections. It is commanded bythe senior officer or NCO present in the echelon.

17. Administration Section

The company clerk is the administrative assist-ant to the unit commander. He performs variousclerical and typing duties at the company level.

18. Mess Sectiona. Organization. The mess section consists of

a mess steward, first cooks, cooks, and a cook'shelper.

b. Operation and Employmnent. The messsteward and cooks are responsible for preparingand serving meals for the company. Ordinarily,the cooks are divided into two shifts which alter-nate every 24 hours, usually after the noon meal.Sometimes the mess section may have to preparemeals on the move or at several different locations.

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Men may have to be fed to accommodate around-the-clock work schedules, with many of the mealsbeing served at the work site. The water traileris kept at the kitchen to supply water for cookingand other mess operations. It may also be usedto augment the water in organic water cans.

19. Supply Section

a. Organization. The supply section consistsof a supply sergeant and an armorer.

b. Operations anld Employment. The supplysection prepares requisitions, reports of surveys,and other forms related to the receipt, storage,and issue of supplies. The supply sergeant isresponsible for keeping the company propertybooks and for the general condition of the supplyroom. The section is also responsible for the re-pair of weapons and the salvage of unserviceableproperty. Weapons are repaired and serviced bythe armorer. Weapons needing major repairs aresent through the battalion supply section to theappropriate ordnance shops. Except for rationsand petroleum products, the company supply sec-tion procures supplies from the battalion supplysection and reissues them directly to the usingunit or individual. Rations are normally issuedby the battalion supply section directly to themess section; petroleum products directly to theequipment and maintenance section. When thecompany is attached to a higher headquarters,supplies other than engineer items are issued bythat headquarters.

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20. Equipment and Maintenance Section

a. Organization. The equipment and mainte-nance section consists of a motor sergeant, tractoroperators, an air compressor operator, an engi-neer equipment mechanic, a personnel carrierdriver, tracked vehicle mechanics, a wreckeroperator, a wheeled vehicle mechanic and me-chanics' helpers.

b. Operation and Employment.(1) The motor sergeant is responsible for

the inspection of vehicles and equipment.He supervises preventive and organiza-tional maintenance and keeps mainte-nance rosters. He is responsible for theproper care and use of supplies in themotor pool. Assisting him are the me-chanics of his section.

(2) The equipment and maintenance sectionoperates with the company rear echelon.Its functions are: to keep company ve-hicles and equipment operating, and tofurnish equipment support for the com-pany construction effort. The sectiondraws gasoline, oil, and lubricants frombattalion supply and makes necessaryissues to company vehicles. Under thesupervision of the company motor officer(executive officer), the section assists intraining drivers and performs vehicleinspections.

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Section V. PLATOON

21. MissionThe platoon is the main operational component

of the company, but it is not equipped to provideits own administration and supply. It performspioneering and combat missions in support ofother arms and services within the division. Withadditional equipment, the scope of platoon opera-tions can be greatly increased. In a large-scaleoperation, the platoon functions as part of thecompany. In all operations, the platoon head-quarters acts as a coordinating and supervisingagency for the squads.

22. Organization

The platoon consists of a platoon headquartersand three squads. The platoon headquarters com-prises the platoon leader, the platoon sergeant, acombat vehicle commander, a combat vehicledriver, demolition specialist, a combat vehiclecrewman, light truck drivers, and a toolroomkeeper.

23. Operationsa. The platoon leader commands the platoon.

He is responsible for the state of training of theplatoon, and for the proper performance of thetasks assigned to it. He is also responsible for thediscipline, appearance, and welfare of the men inhis platoon. He is assisted by the platoonsergeant.

b. The platoon leader analyses the tasks givento the platoon, and then assigns the work to his

AGO 5:j,68C 19

subordinates. The efficiency of the platoon de-pends to a large extent upon the proper assign-ment of tasks to squads and individuals. In as-signing tasks, the platoon leader preserves theintegrity of the platoon and squads as much aspossible.

c. The platoon accomplishes most when itoperates as a unit, under the control of theplatoon leader. Since the platoon is not adminis-tratively self-sufficient, and has no heavy con-struction equipment, it functions best when em-ployed as a unit of the parent company. Whentwo platoons are employed together, they workunder company supervision; one platoon is notattached to another.

24. Employment

a. When centralized control, reinforcement,and logistical support from the parent unit arepracticable, direct support is the normal methodfor employing engineer troops. Engineers areattached only when distance, terrain, and controlof the mission by the parent engineer unit isimpractical and undesirable.

b1). The engineer platoon can normally provideadequate engineer support for a battalion taskforce by utilizing organic tools and equipmentand expledient means to overcome obstacles tomovement of armor.

Section VI. SQUAD25. Mission

The squad(l is the basic unit of the platoon.Workinlg as a team, it helps to perform the mis-

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sions assigned to the platoon. The squad canwork independently only for short periods oftime. When the company or platoon is working asa unit, tasks are assigned to each squad.

26. OrganizationThe squad consists of a squad leader (combat

construction foreman), an assistant squad leader,combat construction specialists, demolitionspecialists, pioneers, and a personnel carrierdriver.

27. Operations

Operations of the squad are controlled by thesquad leader. He is responsible to the platoonleader for accomplishing tasks assigned to thesquad. The squad works as a team with individualmembers performing the required tasks. How-ever, when possible, the specialties of the indi-viduals should be utilized.

28. EmploymentThe squad is not normally employed away from

its platoon. There may be times, however, whensquads are given independent missions, such asa mine clearing detail for division headquartersor for a special armored task force operatingalone. In some of these situations it may be de-sirable to attach the squad to the supported unit.Flexibility is the keynote of employment of anysize armored engineer unit.

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Section VII. EMPLOYMENT AND OPERATIONS

29. Employment

a. The company normally supports a committedcombat command. The specific engineer supportprovided the combat command is based on thetactical situation, the anticipated engineer workto be accomplished during the operation, and thenumber and types of engineer units available.

b. A combat command normally is composedof two or more battalion task forces which, whencommitted, require engineer support. To accom-plish this one engineer platoon may be attachedto, or placed in support of, each leading battaliontask force. The platoon usually takes one bridgesection from the bridge company. In order tohave equipment available for short, fixed spanbridging missions, specific bridge requirementsare indicated by operational planning.

c. The basic mission of all engineer units is toserve the commander with which they are asso-ciated. This may be attained by general support,direct support, or attachment. The details ofengineer relations to other arms are explained inchapter 2 of FM 5-6.

d. While the company is trained to operate asa unit, the squads and platoons are able to workalone with only nominal control by the companyheadquarters.

30. Operationsa. Construction. The company can construct,

maintain, and repair small buildings, roads,bridges, culverts, fords, and landing fields for

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small aircraft. It can install minefields and con-struct obstacles. When reinforced with additionalheavy engineer equipment, the company can alsoaccomplish heavy construction tasks.

b. Demolitions. The company can carry outan extensive demolition program as directed bythe combat command commander. Items whichmay be prepared for demolition include buildings,bridges, culverts, water works, power stations,supplies, railroad facilities, disabled vehicles oraircraft, and obstacles.

c. Reconnaissance. The company commanderdirects general engineer reconnaissance con-tinually and as specified by the battalion com-mander. Reconnaissance patrols are operated forthe armored division engineer battalion or thesupported units, as required. Frequently recon-naissance is made to secure detailed informationon a specific subject for a special purpose. Re-connaissance patrols consist of platoons, squads,or selected groups of men under company officersor noncommissioned officers, depending upon themission to be accomplished. Before making hisplans for any important mission, the companycommander ordinarily makes a personal recon-naissance.

31. Securitya. The company commander is responsible for

the security of his company at all times. Maxi-mum security benefit should be derived fromproximity to other troops but this does not relievethe company commander of his responsibility forthe security of his company. After making a

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personal reconnaissance, he normally assigns thesecurity missions to one of the platoons. Thesize of the security detachment depends upon theterrain, the probability of attack, and the strengthand proximity of the enemy. Under certain cir-cumstances, security can best be provided bymotorized patrols. When these are used, one pla-toon is designated as a "ready platoon" whichcan move out prepared to fight at a moment'snotice.

b. The company may be assigned the missionof providing security for the armored divisionengineer battalion. The advance guard for abattalion miove is normally a full company. Acompany commander with the mission of pro-viding flank or rear security to a marching bat-talion, or security for a battalion bivouac,normally details one platoon to provide the se-curity force.

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CHAPTER 3BRIDGE COMPANY

Section I. GENERAL

32. Mission

The bridge company provides personnel andequipment to transport, maintain, and to furnishtechnical assistance in the erection of the tacticalstream-crossing equipment of the armored divi-sion engineer battalion. In an emergency, thebridge company can construct bridges or raftswith its own personnel, although at a reducedrate. The company may also perform the mainte-nance required to keep a bridge in operation.Individuals of this unit can fight as infantrymenwhen required. The unit has the capability ofdefending itself and its installations against hos-tile ground attack.

33. Organization

The bridge company is organized with a com-pany headquarters and three identical bridge pla-toons. Each platoon consists of a platoon head-quarters and two identical bridge sections (fig.4).

34. Equipment

a. Bridge, Floating, Aluminum, Highway Type,Deck Balk Superstructure on Pneumatic Floats.The bridge company is completely mobile. Theorganic transportation includes 5-ton military

AGO 536SC 25

Figtce e ,. Organization of the bridge company, ArnoredDivision Engineer Battalion.

bridge trucks and other type vehicles and equip-ment. There are three sets of Bridge, Floating,Aluminum, Highway Type, Deck Balk Superstruc-ture on Pneumatic Floats, each providing 141 feet8 inches of class 50 floating bridge. Informationon other river crossing means is found in FM's5-132 and 31-60. For additional references, seeappendix I. Bridge components of one set pro-vide any one of the following:

(1) One 141-foot 8-inch floating bridge.(2) Two 4-float rafts (class 50 at 7 fps).(3) One 5-float reinforced raft (class 60).(4) Two 75-foot floating bridges.(5) Three short span fixed bridges.(6) The use of two or more bridge sets to-

gether for longer bridges or for bridgesof increased capacity.

b. Boat Assault, Plastic, 16-Foot, T3. This boatis intended for use in carrying foot troops in astream crossing but not as a support for a raft or

26 AGO 536'C

bridge. The boat weighs 291 pounds and can becarried by 6 to 10 men. It has a flat bottom, atapered bow, and a square stern which is rein-forced to accommodate a 25- to 30-hosepowermotor.

c. Bridge Erection Boat, 27-foot. The 27-footbridge erection boat has sufficient power to propelthe heaviest types of floating bridge rafts. It isalso used for general utility work during bridgeconstruction, and for installing anchorage sys-tems. There are two 27-foot bridge erection boatsin each bridge platoon, or a total of six in thebridge company. Powered by twin gasoline-powered engines, the boat has a two-sectionaluminum alloy hull, consisting of a bow cargo-carrying section and a stern section containingthe operator's cockpit with the operating controls.The two sections are quickly and easily connectedand can be readily disengaged for transport. Thebow section is carried on a standard two-wheel,pole-type, 21/2 ton utility trailer towed by a 21/2ton truck. The stern section is carried on thetruck body. During transport, each section restson a special hull-fitting cradle to prevent damage.

f: -~~~~~~~~ta'fr~'I

Figure 5. Boat bridge erection gas aluminum twin screw2 section 27 foot.

AGO 53680 27

The sections are loaded and unloaded by a truckcrane (figs. 5, 6, and 7).

I.'igo'(' 1;. B1ridgcC, floatilg, allumOivt 1( highway type dlckt

blilk snperstr 'cta)'c( ou picionatic floats.

Fig(o(' 7. Fwou flo(t raft, nlol'1mal.

Section I. BRIDGE COMPANY HEADQUARTERS

35. Mission

The mission of the bridge company head-

quarters is to provide command, planning, ad-ministration, limited labor and equipment supportfor the three bridge platoons.

28 AGO .,:.;,.'C

I -1 -

;- t-o'

36. Organization

The company headquarters is divided into com-mand and administrative echelons. This grouping,however, is merely to facilitate control of head-quarters personnel, since the bridge company sel-dom employs forward and rear command posts.

Section III. COMMAND ECHELON

37. Organization

The command echelon of company headquarterscontains the command section and the communica-tions section.

38. Command Section

a. The command section consists of the com-pany commander, the executive officer, firstsergeant, and drivers.

b. The company commander, executive officer,and first sergeant have the same general dutiesas the officers and first sergeant of a letteredcompany. In addition, they inspect and dispatchvehicles with special bridge loads, and serve asconsultants in the planning and erection of tacti-cal bridging. These duties require training inspecialized bridge vehicles and a thorough knowl-edge of bridge capacity, layout, construction, partsrequirements, and truck-loading plans.

39. Communications Section

a. The communications section consists of in-termediate speed radio operators and a radiomechanic.

AGO 65368C 29

b. Typical operations and duties of personnelare generally the same as those for a letteredcompany.

Section IV. ADMINISTRATIVE ECHELON

40. OrganizationThe administrative echelon of company head-

quarters consists of the administrative, mess, sup-ply, and equipment and maintenance sections.

41. Employment and Operationsa. The employment and operations of the ad-

ministrative, mess, and supply sections, and theduties of personnel, are similar tb those shown inchapter 2 for comparable sections in the letteredcompany.

b. Operations of the equipment and mainte-nance section are similar to those of the samesection in a lettered company, except that themechanics also repair bridge equipment. Equip-ment in the bridge company is used primarily inbridge construction. Close liaison is required be-tween the bridge company maintenance sectionand the battalion maintenance section to obtainthe proper balance in the use of men and equip-ment, and to secure necessary repair parts andsupplies.

Section V. BRIDGE PLATOON

42. MissionThe bridge platoon provides bridging equip-

ment, and technical assistance in bridge construc-

30 Ac;o 5:ml,('

tion, to the engineer combat companies. Its flexi-ble organization permits placing the desiredamount and type of bridge equipment with eachforce the division may commit in an operation.

43. Organization

The bridge platoon consists of a platoon head-quarters and two bridge sections. Platoon head-quarters includes a platoon leader, a platoonsergeant, bridge specialists, and a radiotelephoneoperator.

44. Employment and Operations

a. General.(1) The bridge platoon is directed and super-

vised by the platoon leader who is as-sisted by the platoon sergeant. Theplatoon leader makes engineer recon-naissance, particularly bridge reconnais-sance, and assists the bridge companycommander in preparing plans for theemployment of the platoon. The bridgeplatoon leader normally provides tech-nical assistance to the constructingtroops. In some cases, the platoon leaderwill actually direct and supervise theconstruction of the bridge, particularlywhen only bridge platoon personnel areinvolved in the construction.

(2) The bridge platoon may be employed inpart or as a unit with one of the armoredengineer companies with a combat com-mand. Occasionally, when the division

AGO 5868C 31

is crossing at a single-crossing site, theplatoon may be employed as a part of thebridge company. When the platoon orany portion of it is detailed from thebridge company, it is ordinarily attachedto one of the lettered companies of theengineer battalion. The full platoon,when detailed from the bridge company,is usually supported by heavy equipmentfrom company headquarters.

b. River-Crossing Operations.(1) In hasty river crossings, the engineer

battalion and bridge company head-quarters usually are not close enough toprovide help in the limited time avail-able. Planning, supplying, and manningthe engineer portion of the crossing mustbe done by the bridge platoon, and bythe engineer company present with thecombat command. A platoon leader fromthe engineer company does the bulk ofthe reconnaissance and bridge planning,and then supervises the operations of thesection.

(2) The bulk of the bridging supply for adeliberate river crossing is normallyprovided by corps engineers, allowingthe organic bridge to advance with thearmored division, thus providing equip-ment for the gaps and short spans ofdemolished bridges which will be en-countered after the crossing. If the di-vision bridging equipment is used in a

32 AGO 686SC

deliberate crossing, the platoon functionsunder the direct control of the company.

45. Bridge Section

a. General. Each of the bridge sections consistsof a bridge section sergeant, bridge specialists,and bridge helpers.

b. Equipment. Each bridge section has six 5-ton military bridge trucks used to transport com-ponents of the bridge set. Although the bridge,floating, aluminum highway type, deck balk super-structure on pneumatic floats is carried in TOEunder platoon headquarters, it is broken downinto one of four type loadings and carried by thebridge sections. These loadings are: normal bayload, erection tool load, section load, and raft load.

c. Employment. A bridge section in support ofan armor unit may be employed as a section, asany part of a section, or as part of a bridgeplatoon, depending upon the type and length ofbridge required.

d. Operations. A bridge section is commandedby a section sergeant. He is responsible to theplatoon leader for the control and conduct of themen in his section. The section sergeant providestechnical assistance in loading, constructing, anddismantling the bridge. When it becomes neces-sary to split the section so that small units ofbridging can be constructed simultaneously abridge specialist is placed in charge of one of theunits. The bridge specialist and bridge helpersare the section truck drivers. They assist andsupervise the loading and unloading of the bridge

AGO 5868C 33

units and the trucks, give technical advice to theinstalling unit, and in an emergency may erectthe bridge.

46. Transportation and Loading of Bridge, Floating,Aluminum Highway Type, Deck Balk Superstruc-ture on Pneumatic Floats

a. The components of the bridge can be carriedon any of the standard military cargo trucks ortrailers having a rated capacity of 21/2 tons ormore. However, the 5-ton, military bridge truckis normally used.

b. Twelve 5-ton military bridge trucks trans-port all of the components of one bridge. Nine5-ton military bridge trucks can carry all of thebalk, floats, and saddles. Three additional truckscan carry all of the additional miscellaneous equip-ment. Loading plans vary with the mission of thecompany, platoon, or section. Plans are designedto most efficiently and quickly assemble the de-sired floating bridge, fixed span, or raft required(fig. 8).

c. The floating bridge equipment is used to as-semble floating bridges, fixed bridges, and rafts.In general terms, the floating bridge consists of adeck built of hollow aluminum sections supportedon pneumatic floats.

(1) Floating bridges. The normal floatingbridge is assembled with floats spaced 15feet on centers, except in the end sec-tions, which are reinforced with oneextra float. The floating bridge can alsobe assembled as a reinforced bridge with

34 AGO $868C

Figure 8. Five-ton military bridge truck with load.

floats on 9-foot centers. Float springs of10, 15, 20, and 35 feet can also be used.

(2) Fixed bridges. The components of thefloating bridge can be used to assemblefixed bridges with simple spans from 15to 45 feet, and multiple span bridgesusing trestles as intermediate supports.

AGO 5368C 35

CHAPTER 4HEADQUARTERS AND HEADQUARTERS

COMPANY

Section I. GENERAL47. Mission

a. Headquarters. To provide an engineer specialstaff section for the division, and to provide com-mand and staff for the Armored Division En-gineer Battalion.

b. Headquarters and Headquarters Company.(1) Provide administration, communication,

reconnaissance, maintenance support,supply, medical service, and supple-mental heavy equipment for the ArmoredDivision Engineer Battalion.

(2) Provide engineer class II and IV supplyand engineer field maintenance supportfor the Armored Division.

(3) Undertake and carry out combat mis-sions of Headquarters and HeadquartersCompany, Armored Infantry Battalion,when required.

48. OrganizationOrganization of headquarters and headquarters

company consists of a company headquarters, theenlisted men who work in battalion headquarters,division engineer section, and the equipmentplatoon (fig. 9). The organization. duties, andtraining of personnel in the battalion head-

36 AGO 6368C

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AGO 58680 37

quarters section and the division engineer sectionare covered in paragraphs 62 through 92. Com-pany headquarters and the equipment platoon arediscussed in paragraphs 49 through 61.

49. Functions

a. Headquarters and headquarters companyprovides the enlisted men for battalion head-quarters. The company feeds, clothes, quarters,pays, and is responsible for the conduct of thesemen. They are assigned to battalion headquarterssections, and are under the operational control ofthe officer heading each section.

b. Headquarters company provides transporta-tion and maintenance services as needed. It oper-ates an equipment pool for the entire battalion,but does not provide battalion level supply ormaintenance, since these functions are performedby the respective sections of battalion head-quarters.

c. The company has a pool of constructionequipment in its equipment platoon. This may beaugmented with class IV equipment from sup-porting engineer units or army engineer depotsas operational missions necessitate.

Section II. COMPANY HEADQUARTERS

50. MissionThe mission of company headquarters is to

provide command and administrative services forthe company; to supervise the conduct, discipline,and appearance of company personnel; and tomaintain their health, welfare, and morale. Ad-

AGO 5368C

ministratively, the company feeds, clothes, sup-plies, quarters, pays, and provides recreationalequipment for all men in battalion headquarters,in the company, and in the medical section.

51. OrganizationCompany headquarters is composed of a com-

pany commander, an executive officer, a firstsergeant, a mess steward, a supply sergeant, firstcooks, a company clerk, a radio operator, and acook's helper. Company headquarters is organizedinto command and administrative echelon. Equip-ment and maintenance functions are discussed inparagraphs 58 through 61 and 20.

Section Ill. COMMAND ECHELON

52. Organization

The command echelon of headquarters companyincludes the company commander, executive offi-cer, first sergeant, and a radio operator.

53. Employment and Operations

a. Administrative operations of the commandsection are generally the same as those of thelettered company.

b. The company commander is usually desig-nated headquarters commandant, and as suchhe-

(1) Provides for the security of battalionheadquarters.

(2) Supervises the physical movement ofbattalion headquarters, furnishing neces-

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sary men and transportation from head-quarters company.

(3) Supervises the headquarters mess, andthe messing and quartering of casuals.

(4) Acts as headquarters billeting officer, incoordination with S1.

(5) Enforces traffic control regulations with-in the areas of battalion headquartersand headquarters company.

(6) Marks routes for battalion motormarches, and supervises the activitiesof guides and advance details.

c. The executive officer is second in commandand assists the company commander in the per-formance of his duties, makes recommendationson company matters, and assumes command inthe company commander's absence. He must befamiliar with the policies of the company com-mander, keep constantly informed of the situa-tion, and be empowered to make decisions in thename of the company commander. Mess, supply,transportation, and liaison with battalion staffofficers are frequently responsibilities of the ex-ecutive officer.

Section IV. ADMINISTRATIVE ECHELON54. Organization

The administrative echelon of headquarterscompany includes the administrative, mess, andsupply sections.

55. Administrative SectionThe administrative section consists of a com-

pany clerk under the supervision of the first

AGO 5368C40

sergeant. The company clerk performs generallythe same duties as those described in paragraph17.

56. Mess SectionIn addition to the mess operations described in

paragraph 18, the mess section also provides amess for officers of battalion headquarters andcasuals.

57. Supply SectionOperations of the supply section are comparable

to those of the lettered company supply section.

Section V. EQUIPMENT PLATOON

58. MissionThe mission of the equipment platoon is to

provide a pool of equipment, with operators, forthe use of the bridge and lettered companies.

59. OrganizationThe equipment platoon consists of an officer

(platoon leader), a construction machinery fore-man, crane shovel, grader, tractor, air compressoroperators, and a light truck driver.

60. EquipmentPlatoon construction equipment includes angle-

dozers, truck mounted crane shovels, a trailer totransport crane attachments, motorized roadgraders, and truck mounted air compressors.Five-ton truck-tractors with 25-ton lowbed semi-trailers are provided for transporting the angle-dozer tractors.

AGO 5368C 41

61. Operationsa. General. Operations of the equipment platoon

are directed by the platoon leader. He is assistedby a construction machinery foreman and ma-chinery operators. The platoon leader is respon-sible for the inspection of the vehicles and con-struction equipment of headquarters company.Repair work is accomplished by the battalionmaintenance section. Equipment is allotted by thebattalion commander, who is guided by the recom-mendations of the battalion S3. Each crane, trac-tor, grader and air compressor is assigned twooperators who provide continuous operation. Oneoperator in each pair serves as driver when theequipment is being moved.

b. Equipment Pool.(1) The equipment platoon operates as an

equipment pool to supplement the equip-ment of the lettered companies.

(2) The equipment platoon has the super-visory personnel necessary to operate asan independent platoon directly underthe battalion staff. When this is done,the platoon may be given additionalequipment such as dump trucks, de-tached from lettered companies or thesupply section.

(3) Headquarters company trains the opera-tors and the battalion maintenance sec-tion maintains the equipment. The usingcompany directs the use of the equip-ment unless the platoon is operating di-rectly under S3.

AGO 5368C42

c. Maintenance. The equipment platoon has nomechanics in its organization. The battalion main-tenance section is charged with the maintenanceof the construction equipment and vehicles ofheadquarters company, including those assignedto sections of battalion headquarters, medical sec-tion, and equipment pool.

d. Security. The equipment pool must beguarded at all times. This may be accomplishedin rear areas by using inclosed equipment parks,with a guard to check vehicles in and out througha single gate, plus a system of interior guards. Inforward areas and wooded terrain use is madeof defilade, dispersion, and camouflage, as wellas the security afforded by the use of men andweapons. All personnel must be alert to detectand prevent pilfering and sabotage.

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CHAPTER 5BATTALION HEADQUARTERS

Section I. GENERAL62. Mission

The mission of the battalion headquarters is toprovide an engineer special staff section for thedivision and to provide command and staff for thearmored division engineer battalion.

63. OrganizationBattalion headquarters consists of the battalion

commander who is also the division engineer, theassistant division engineer, the executive officer,the battalion S1, S2, S3, and S4, a chaplain, acommunications officer, a general duty medicalofficer, a motor officer, and a field maintenanceofficer. Although these officers comprise the bat-talion staff they actively supervise their respec-tive operating sections (fig. 10). The duties ofenlisted men working in battalion headquartersare presented with the discussion of their assignedstaff sections, although administratively they area part of the headquarters and headquarters com-pany.

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A(;O( h860O 45

Section II. COMMAND ELEMENT

64. Organization

The battalion commander and executive officercomprise the command element in the battalionheadquarters.

65. Duties of Personnel

a. The battalion commander has two primaryresponsibilities: command of the armored divisionengineer battalion and membership on the divi-sion commander's special staff as division en-gineer. Each duty involves separate, distinct, anddifferent responsibilities. Both his command andstaff duties, however, are directed toward imple-menting the armored division engineer battalioncapabilities listed in paragraph 7 to insure maxi-mum effectiveness of engineer support to thedivision.

(1) As battalion commander, he directs, con-trols, and supervises the activities of allorganic and attached engineer troopsand their equipment. He is responsiblefor the preparation of plans, policies,and orders. He visits and inspects histroops and their activities, and conductspersonal reconnaissance.

(2) As division engineer, he acts as advisorto the division commander and staff, andkeeps them informed of the engineersituation. He helps prepare divisionplans, policies, and orders; determinesrequirements of engineer supplies fornonengineer units of the division; main-

46 AGO 536S8C

tains close liaison with the divisionartillery commander and the combatcommand commanders to anticipate theirengineer needs; makes recommendationsfor the engineer support required fromcorps; and coordinates planning with thecorps engineer. Although the divisionengineer is not under the command ofthe corps engineer, technical channelsare normally observed.

(3) When the use of atomic weapons is con-templated, the engineer should partici-pate in the preliminary planning con-ferences in which ways and means aredetermined to carry out the commandinggeneral's plan. The engineer may becalled upon to present reasons for theselection or elimination of specific tar-gets. He may be detailed to assist inweapon analysis of proposed targets andto make recommendations concerning:

(a) Quantity, type, and yield of weapons.(b) Height or depth of burst.(c) Work times and distance factors.(d) Desired emplacement site location.(e) On-call detonation or times of burst.(f) Troop and civilian safety precautions.(g) Engineer effort required to pass the

division through an area subjected tofriendly atomic attack.

(4) Upon the commander's decision to em-ploy a prepositioned atomic weapon in ageneral locality, the engineer will be re-

AGO 5368C 47

sponsible for designating the emplace-ment and for emplacing and firing ofthe weapon. Responsibility for the co-ordination of the supply and movementof equipment, materials, and personnelto support a prepositioned atomic demoli-tion mission may be assigned to theengineer.

(5) The division engineer must adopt amethod of operation that permits himto perform his duties properly fromtwo different places. To assist him in hisdual role, he has his executive officerand staff at battalion headquarters, andthe assistant division engineer (ADE)section at division headquarters.

b. The executive officer is second in commandof the battalion. He is responsible for the workof the staff, and controls and coordinates staff andfield operation in accordance with the policies ofthe commanding officer. The executive officerkeeps informed of the battalion and division situ-ation, and when possible, assists the battalioncommander in his functions as division engineer.He usually remains at battalion headquarterswhen the commanding officer is absent.

Section III. DIVISION ENGINEER SECTION

66. OrganizationThe engineer section of the division staff is

supervised by the battalion commander and con-sists of the assistant division engineer (ADE), acombat construction foreman, a construction

AGO 586SC

draftsman, a radio operator, and a light truckdriver.

67. Duties of ADE and Section PersonnelThe assistant division engineer represents the

division engineer on the division staff. He mustbe familiar with all the activities of the divisionand the engineer battalion. An up-to-date situa-tion map containing all available engineer in-formation is maintained by his section at the di-vision main command post. Under the direction ofthe division engineer, the assistant division en-gineer acts as consulting engineer to the divisionstaff sections in the preparation of plans involvingengineer work. In general, the assistant divisionengineer relieves the battalion commander ofmany of his routine duties at division head-quarters, so that he is free to devote much of hiseffort to commanding the engineer battalion.

68. OperationsThe engineer section at division headquarters

is primarily a special staff section. Ordinarily, itoperates at the division main command post.Through the battalion radio net, the section cancontact battalion headquarters or any of the com-panies.

Section IV. ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION

69. Organization of Administrative and PersonnelSection

The administrative and personnel section con-sists of those individuals required to provide

AGO 5368C 49

second echelon personnel support for all elementsof the battalion; and those additional personnelnormally engaged in other administrative typeduties. Overall supervision of this section is ex-ercised by the adjutant (S1). Activities of thepersonnel section within the administrative andpersonnel section are supervised by the unit per-sonnel officer (warrant officer).

70. Duties of Key Personnel

a. The adjutant (Sl) operates at battalionheadquarters. He is responsible to the battalioncommander for all personnel and administrativeactions of the battalion. His duties are prescribedin FM 5-5 and FM 101-5, and include-

(1) Personnel management and record keep-ing with respect to classification, assign-ment, pay, promotion, reduction, trans-fer, retirement, and discharge of bat-talion personnel.

(2) Processing awards of decorations, cita-tions, commendations, and other honors.

(3) Processing applications for leaves.(4) Maintaining records of military justice

procedures.(5) Maintaining reports of strength, casual-

ties, prisoners of war, and personnelstatistics.

(6) Reception of replacements, and theirprocessing to include assignment andquartering.

(7) Movement, internal arrangement, in-ternal organization, and internal opera-tion of battalion headquarters.

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(8) Providing morale, welfare, and recrea-tional services.

(9) Maintaining the unit journal.(10) Operating the unit postal service.(11) Troop information and education officer.

b. The military personnel warrant officer assiststhe adjutant in personnel matters. He directs theactivities of the personnel sergeant, the personnelspecialists, and the clerks in the personnel subsec-tion. His duties are prescribed in FM 101-5.

71. ChaplainThe chaplain provides spiritual guidance for

the battalion; advises the battalion commanderon matters pertaining to religion and moralityand character guidance; and counsels the in-dividual soldier in his personal problems. Thechaplain's assistant assists the chaplain in prepa-ration for religious services; performs routineadministrative duties under the supervision of thechaplain; and, as an additional duty, serves aslight truck driver. He assists in conduct of charac-ter guidance instruction to include operation oftraining aid devices.

Section V. INTELLIGENCE SECTION72. Organization

The intelligence section is supervised by theintelligence officer (S2) and consists of recon-naissance officers, intelligence sergeant, reconnais-sance sergeants, a radio teletype team chief, clerk-typist, draftsman, intermediate speed radio opera-tors, map distributor, still photographer, radioteletype operators, and a personnel carrier driver.

AGO 5368C 51

73. Duties of Key Personnel

a. The intelligence officer (S2) directs the ac-tivities of the intelligence section and is also thecamouflage officer. His section acts as an agencyfor G2 in the division information collection plansince while seeking specific technical information,engineers may also uncover valuable tactical in-formation. Likewise, G2 normally sends any en-gineer data gathered by other agencies to S2.(See FM 101-5 for the general duties of an in-telligence officer.) The battalion intelligenceofficer-

(1) Collects and evaluates engineer informa-tion and furnishes and disseminates en-gineer intelligence; coordinates, with S3and other staff officers, the assignmentof missions to the reconnaissance team,and requests reconnaissance patrolsfrom lettered companies as required. S2must conserve the effort of reconnais-sance agencies by specifying which in-formation is of special importance dur-ing a stated period, and by issuingdefinite reconnaissance instructions.

(2) Keeps engineer intelligence records, in-cluding the S2 journal, the S2 worksheets, and the S2 situation map. TheS2 Journal contains briefs of importantwritten and oral messages received andsent, as well as notations of periodic re-ports, orders, and records pertaining tothe intelligence section. Items are en-tered in chronological order and become

52 AGO 5868C

a permanent record. The S2 work sheetis a systematic arrangement of engineerinformation received by the intelligencesection, with all items on a particularsubject grouped together for readyreference and comparison. The worksheet is not a permanent record. It mustbe kept up to date by prompt insertions,and by removing or striking out itemsthat become obsolete. The engineer intel-ligence situation map is kept by the S2in collecting and evaluating engineer in-formation and intelligence. This mapshows the result of reconnaissance, clas-sification of roads and bridges, potentialwater-supply sites, sources of local ma-terials, minefield information, results ofenemy action, disposition of major enemyunits, and other items of engineer in-telligence.

(3) Supervises intelligence training. S2 isresponsible for training his own intel-ligence section and for supervising en-gineer reconnaissance training. He as-sists the S3 in supervising the intelli-gence training of all battalion personnel.Training must be carefully planned andsupervised so that engineer troops knowthe scope and purpose of engineer recon-naissance and fully understand the im-por ance of accurate reconnaissance re-ports.

(4) Conducts combat intelligence and coun-terintelligence activities. The S2 staff

AGO 58680 53

responsibility for the planning and ex-ecution of combat intelligence andcounterintelligence activities in the bat-talion, including security operations. Forexample, in cooperation with S1, he isresponsible for censorship of postal mat-ter and security requirements for han-dling messages. He questions capturedenemy personnel and examines captureddocuments, civilians, and material ofimmediate importance to the unit.

(5) Procures and distributes maps, photo-maps, and other engineer intelligencematerials in accordance with generalpolicies established by the division G2and the corps engineer.

(6) Assists the battalion commander incarrying out his division engineer func-tions by furnishing him with detailed in-formation on which to base his recom-mendations to the division commander.

(7) Coordinates with S3, on battalionpsychological warfare operations andtraining, and defense against enemypropaganda.

(8) Prepares terrain analyses and studiesfor battalion use, and terrain studies fordivision use.

b. The three reconnaissance officers exercise im-mediate supervision over the reconnaissanceteams. The reconnaissance missions are assignedand coordinated by S2. Reconnaissance officerslead, instruct, and dispatch the reconnaissanceteams and personally participate in the more im-

54 AGO 6568C

portant missions. The engineer reconnaissancesergeant and the radio operator, who also drivesthe l/4 -ton truck, must be able to take over eachothers duties in the event of casualties. Recon-naissance personnel use light aircraft for recon-naissance missions when required. Air recon-naissance is not a substitute for ground reconnais-sance. Instead it is best used as a preliminarymethod to reduce the area assigned for a detailedground reconnaissance by eliminating areas whichare not of interest. Light aircraft within the di-visions are normally made available to the en-gineers as required. Typical missions for the useof light aircraft by the reconnaissance teamsare-

(1) Preliminary reconnaissance of roads,railroads, routes, and bridges.

(2) Locating sites for water points.(3) Locating engineer material in specified

areas.(4) Checking camouflage security.(5) Locating enemy obstacles.(6) Locating desirable airfield sites.(7) Locating desirable river crossing sites.(8) Performing photographic missions.(9) Locating suitable bivouac areas.

(10) Observing roads and terrain ahead of amarch column.

c. The intelligence sergeant is the senior en-listed member of the section and assists the in-telligence officer by keeping the intelligence mapup to date, preparing reports and records, in-structing patrol and reconnaissance parties,

AGO 5368C 55

preparing correspondence, and performing otherintelligence functions.

d. The map distributor receives or picks upmaps for division operations from the corps mapdepot operated by the map distribution section ofthe engineer topographic company, corps. Initialissue of maps for division operations is allottedby army or higher headquarters and made avail-able to the division through the corps map depot.When a bulk shipment of maps is ready for thedivision, the corps map-distribution section makesdelivery or, more frequently, notifies the engineerbattalion S2, who dispatches the map distributorto make the pickup. He then breaks down themaps in accordance with the policies establishedin the division standing operating procedure. Henotifies the major commands and separate unitswho pick up their own maps and make furtherdistribution. The map distributor may distributethe maps if there is transportation available. Thebreakdown and limited storage is made in a tentor small permanent type building if available. Hekeeps a small reserve of maps available for emer-gency use and requisitions small amounts of mapsthrough the corps engineer, as required. Mapsissued and in the hands of troops have no salvagevalue. Maps of an area no longer required forcoverage and still in the original package are re-turned to the map distributor who, in turn, re-turns them to the corps map-distribution section.Even though the table of organization and equip-ment shows the map distributor in the S2 section,the division engineer may find it more desirableto put him under the assistant division engineer

s$ AGO 5368C

at division headquarters, where his map supplypoint will always be more centrally located andmore accessible to division headquarters anddivisional units.

Section VI. OPERATIONS SECTION

74. OrganizationThe operation section is supervised by the

operations officer (S3) and 'consists of the as-sistant operations officer, an operations sergeant,various specialists, and administrative personnel.The specialists include construction draftsman,construction surveyor, and intermediate speedradio operators. The administrative personnel in-clude a clerk-typist and a personnel carrier driver.

75. Duties of Key Personnela. The operations officer (S3) directs and

supervises the operations section. He is also thebattalion chemical, biological, and radiological(CBR) officer. His general duties as operationsand training officer are prescribed in FM 101-5.Typical duties are to-

(1) Plan and supervise battalion training.(2) Plan the allocation of engineer troops

and construction equipment to varioustasks, and prepare battalion operationorders. He coordinates his plans withother staff officers and where required,with other unit commanders.

(3) Keep the engineer operations and situa-tion map current, with informationfurnished by tactical orders, reports

AGO 5368C 57

from subordinate units, and personalreconnaissance. The situation map showsall the operational information, such asengineer troop dispositions, projectsunder way, location of friendly majortactical units, area responsibilities as-signed to subordinate units, waterpoints, and support being rendered byother engineer troops. The S3 situationmap enables all engineer staff officers tokeep informed of the situation so thatthey may plan their operations to meetany foreseeable contingency.

(4) Utilize his assistants to make technicalreconnaissance, designs, and plans foraccomplishing engineer tasks.

(5) Conduct training, inspect chemical equip-ment, and supervise chemical, bacterio-logical, and radiological (CBR) activi-ties of his battalion.

(6) Recommend any special security meas-ures for battalion headquarters to theheadquarters commandant.

(7) Recommend, when necessary, that re-quests be made for support by additionalengineer troops, or that higher head-quarters assume responsibility for en-gineer work in a portion of the divisionarea.

(8) Plan, in conjunction with the S2 section,the assignment of reconnaissance mis-sions to the lettered companies.

(9) Arrange details for movement of thebattalion under tactical conditions.

s58 AGO 536.C

(10) Make a continuing estimate of the situa-tion so that he can make recommenda-tions at any time for the employment ofthe battalion.

(11) Prepare tactical and technical reports.(12) Coordinate liaison with supporting en-

gineer units.(13) Assist the battalion commander in the

preparation of command reports.(14) Assist the division staff in atomic target

analysis and selection.b. The operations sergeant is the senior enlisted

man in the section. He helps the operations officerin performing his duties and in supervising sec-tion activities.

c. The combat construction specialist inspectsbattalion construction projects, makes recom-mendations, and assists in carpentry problems.He helps S3 in drawing up plans and bills ofmaterials. He instructs in battalion-conductedcarpentry schools and on special occasions per-forms carpentry work. He receives additionaltraining in chemical, biological, and radiological(CBR) defense; he then assists the operationsofficer in training, and in supervising battalionCBR activities and equipment.

Section VII. BATTALION SUPPLY SECTION

76. Organizationa. The supply section is supervised by the

logistics officer (S4) and consists of a supplywarrant officer, a battalion supply sergeant, achief supply sergeant, a radio teletype team chief,

AGO 5868C 59

a water supply foreman, a senior supply specialist,a supply specialist, a clerk-typist, heavy truckdrivers, an intermediate speed radio operator,radio teletype operators, senior water supplyspecialists, supply specialists, light truck drivers,supply clerks, water supply specialists, and watersupply helpers.

b. The supply section is divided into four sub-sections: administrative, division engineer supply,battalion supply, and water supply.

77. Administrative Subsectiona. Organization. The administrative subsection

consists-of a supply warrant officer, a battalionsupply sergeant, a clerk-typist, and light truckdrivers.

b. Duties of Personnel.(1) The logistics staff officer (S4) performs

those staff functions related to supply,transportation, evacuation, and treat-ment of personnel casualties, mainte-nance and services for the battalion (FM101-5, par. 51). In addition he servesas the division engineer supply officer.The S4-

(a) In cooperation with S2 and S3, studiesand collects information on availablelocal resources, captured enemy en-gineer supplies, and stocks in localdepots under unit control.

(b) Advises the battalion commander asto the availability of equipment andmaterials, and recommends their al-location. He estimates future require-

60 AGO 8368C

ments, and arranges in advance forusing units to draw supplies.

(c) Recommends the number and locationof water points. These recommenda-tions, when approved, are incorporatedin the division administrative orderand the battalion operation order.

(d) Keeps a continuous inventory of stocksof engineer materials available, andarranges for taking over and dis-tributing them.

(e) Recommends allocation of transporta-tion (other than organic) to subordi-nate units, in coordination with in-terested staff officers.

(f) Supervises the procurement of allclasses of supply for the battalion, andof engineer supplies for the division.

(g) Prepares reports as directed.(h) Assists company commanders with the

training of their supply personnel.

(2) The supply warrant officer assists thelogistics officer in his duties. He super-vises the activities of the subsections toinsure an even flow of supplies, and seesthat supply records are kept correctlyand up to date. He is also the battalionfood supervisor. As such he is respon-sible for procuring and distributing foodfor the battalion, keeping battalion-levelmess records, and inspecting all companymess facilities. He has a ration break-down sergeant in the battalion supply

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subsection to assist him with theseduties.

78. Division Engineer Supply Subsectiona. Organization. The division engineer supply

subsection consists of a chief supply sergeant, asupply specialist, and a supply clerk.

b. Duties of Personnel. The chief supply ser-geant supervises and directs the activities of thesubsection. The subsection processes all requisi-tions and records for engineer supply for all unitsin or attached to the division. The subsectionalso supervises the distribution of engineer sup-plies to all divisional units except the engineerbattalion. With the help of the supply specialistand clerk, the chief supply sergeant edits andconsolidates engineer requisitions, keeps engineersupply records, and receives, breaks down, stores,and issues engineer supplies.

79. Battalion Supply Subsection

a. Organization. The battalion supply subsec-tion consists of a senior supply specialist, supplyspecialist, and a supply clerk.

b1). Duties of Personnel. The senior supplyspecialist directs and supervises the activities ofthe subsection. With the help of the supplyspecialist and the supply clerk, he edits and con-solidates requisitions for all classes of supplies,keeps supply records, and receives, breaks down,stores, and issues all classes of supplies to thebattalion. These supplies include rations, clothingand equipment, petroleum products, signal equip-ment, and ammunition. The section personnel also

AGO 5368C62

procure, break down, and issue all rations forunits within or attached to the battalion. Battalion-level mess records are kept and necessary reportsare submitted as directed by the supply warrantofficer.

80. Water Supply Subsection

a. Organization. The water supply subsectionconsists of a water supply foreman, water supplyspecialists, and water supply helpers. Thespecialists and helpers are divided into teams tooperate water points.

b. Duties of Personnel. The water supply fore-man directs and supervises the activities of thewater supply subsection. He is responsible for themaintenance, installation, and operation of waterpoints. He conducts reconnaissance to locate waterpoints, and recommends schedules for drawingwater. Under the supervision of the water supplyforeman, the water supply specialist and the watersupply helpers perform the following duties:

(1) Install and operate water points.(2) Maintain and perform minor repairs on

the water purification sets.(3) Operate pumps, store, and dispense

water.(4) Perform tests in the field to identify and

measure impurities, to determine thetreatment required, to check the effec-tiveness of treatment, and to insure thatthe water issued is potable.

(5) Enforce sanitary, traffic, security, andcamouflage regulations at water points.

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(6) Keep water supply records and submitnecessary reports.

c. Operations.(1) The allocation of water points and the

method of their employment is deter-mined by the tactical situation. Thewater supply subsection operates severalindependent teams under the guidanceof the water supply foreman. A teamis dispatched by the supply officer, withthe advice of the water supply foremanand the operations officer, to a particularlocation to supply potable water to unitsdesignated by the battalion operationalplan; or a water supply team may beattached to a lettered company servingwith a combat command. In this case,the water point is located by the combatcommand S4 on the advice of the en-gineer company commander or his repre-sentative, and the water supply teamleader. Movement, control, and protec-tion are responsibilities of the combatcommand S4. Water point locations arereported by the company commander tothe combat command and to the engineerbattalion headquarters. Whether sent toa specific location or attached to an en-gineer company, the team operates alone.Depending upon its location, the teammay be attached to an adjacent unit forrations, or rations may be delivered bythe armored engineer company or bat-

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talion headquarters company, or pre-pared on small cooking units by the team.

(2) Cargo trailers from the administrativesupply subsection are usually assignedto the water supply subsection, as needed.These are used to carry the water puri-fication sets. One truck and trailer arerequired to transport each team and itsequipment to successive sites. A reserveteam is sometimes used to "leapfrog"another water point. The new waterpoint is put into operation and the oldequipment is then removed for inspec-tion, maintenance, and repair. Additionalmobility and speed in operations may beobtained by bolting parts of the purifica-tion unit to the trailer floor. This makesit unnecessary to load and unload, andto connect and disconnect, the whole setfor each move.

(3) The water supply foreman, when thesituation permits, will visit each waterpoint every day to deliver supplies, food,and mail, and to help the teams with anydifficulties that may arise.

Section VIII. COMMUNICATIONS SECTION

81. OrganizationThe battalion communications section is super-

vised by the communications officer and consistsof a communications chief, radio teletype teamchief, senior radio mechanic, intermediate speedradio operators, a personnel carrier driver, a radio

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mechanic, teletype operators, a senior signal mes-sage clerk, a senior switchboard operator, messageclerks, a switchboard operator, and wiremen.

82. Duties of Key Personnel

a. The communication officer directs the com-munication section, and as a staff officer, super-vises all communication activities, and the or-ganizational maintenance of all signal.equipmentin the battalion. In general, he-

(1) Advises the battalion commander andstaff on correct signal communicationtechnique.

(2) Prepares plans and supervises the estab-lishment, operation, and maintenance ofthe engineer communication system.

(3) Supervises technical training of com-munication personnel.

(4) Offers technical advice and assistance toS4 regarding supply of signal communi-cation materials for the battalion.

(5) Makes recommendations, in coordinationwith S4, for initial and successive loca-tions of the battalion command post,when not prescribed by higher authority.

(6) Makes recommendations for procuringand replacing signal communicationspersonnel.

(7) Establishes and operates the battalioncommunications center.

(8) Prepares, or secures from appropriateheadquarters, orders, Standing SignalInstruction (SSI), and Signal OperationInstructions (SOI).

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(9) Supervises maintenance of signal secur-ity in the battalion (coordinates withS2).

(10) Supervises care, maintenance, and repairof signal equipment within the battalion(coordinates with S4 for parts).

b. The communication chief assists the com-munication officer. He supervises the installation,operation, and maintenance of teletype, wire, andcommunication facilities; instructs and trainscommunication personnel in field communicationtechniques; and supervises teletype and radiooperators is operating battalion net control.

(1) The radio teletype team chief directsand coordinates all phases of communica-tion center operations, to insure thatmessages are transmitted with theutmost speed, accuracy, and security.He supervises and instructs personnelin the function of a message center andin the performance of individual assign-ments.

(2) He keeps necessary records pertainingto the operation of wire, radio, and mes-sage center activities.

83. OperationsThe communications section operates a subordi-

nate station in the division radio command net,which may be used as an alternate battalion netcontrol station; operates the telephone systemand message center; and performs organizationalmaintenance on all Signal Corps equipment in

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the battalion. Operators are provided for con-tinuous communication service. See FM 17-70for details.

Section IX. BATTALION MAINTENANCE SECTION

84. OrganizationThe battalion maintenance section consists of

an assistant maintenance officer, a motor mainte-nance sergeant, a senior equipment mechanic,senior recovery mechanics, senior wheeled vehiclemechanics, an engineer parts specialist, equip-ment mechanics, an ordnance parts specialist,recovery mechanics, a tracked vehicle mechanic,a turret mechanic, a welder, wheeled vehicle me-chanics, an equipment helper, mechanics' helpers,and a sign painter.

85. Duties of Personnel

a. The engineer equipment officer, a memberof the battalion staff, exercises immediate super-vision over the battalion maintenance section.His duties are to-

(1) Advise the battalion commander, hisstaff, and subordinate commanders, ontechnical aspects of automotive andequipment operation and maintenance.

(2) Direct the supply and operations of themaintenance section.

(3) Direct the training of drivers, me-chanics, and operators.

(4) Supervise the preparation of reportsand records of equipment and supplies.

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(5) Coordinate the plan for evacuation ofdisabled vehicles and maintenance withbattalion S4.

b. The assistant engineer equipment officer,under the immediate supervision of the engineerequipment officer, directs the operation of themotor pool shop, and is a source of technical ad-vice and help for personnel working in the com-pany motor pools and in the battalion shop. Hisduties are to-

(1) Check incoming repair work to deter-mine the amount and nature of repairsneeded.

(2) Set up maintenance schedules for ve-hicles and equipment in accordance withexisting directives.

(3) Assign repair and maintenance work.(4) Inspect shop operations to insure that

repair schedules are maintained and thatcorrect methods are being used.

(5) Check completed work to insure thatvehicles and equipment are in properoperating condition before being releasedfrom the shop.

c. The motor maintenance sergeant, under thesupervision of the motor officer and assistantengineer equipment officer, directs the activitiesof the motor maintenance section. He helps pre-pare reports, keeps records and files, and trainspersonnel. He recommends job assignments andpriorities and helps the mechanics perform or-ganizational maintenance and repair.

d. The senior engineer equipment mechanic,under the supervision of the engineer equipment

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officer and assistant engineer equipment mainte-nance officer, directs the activities of the engineermechanics. He assigns and inspects work andgives technical advice and help to the mechanics;prepares necessary reports and keeps records andfiles of engineer equipment; assists in trainingequipment operators; and may, under certaincircumstances, supervise the use of equipment.

86. Operations

The battalion maintenance section provides or-ganizational maintenance service for headquar-ters company and all battalion vehicles and otherequipment. The battalion maintenance section issupervised by the assistant engineer equipmentofficer and is under control of the battalion engi-neer equipment officer. The headquarters com-pany shop is supervised by the motor sergeant.The battalion engineer equipment maintenancesubsection issues parts and repair supplies to theother engineer companies.

Section X. FIELD MAINTENANCE SECTION87. Organization

The field maintenance section consists of anassistant field maintenance warrant officer, asection chief, a machinist, a senior diesel repair-man, a senior electric motor and generator repair-man, senior equipment repairmen, a senior engi-neer parts specialist, diesel repairman, electricmotor and generator repairman, equipment re-pairman, engineer parts specialist, intermediatespeed radio operator, a special electric device re-

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pairman, a welder, a diesel repairman helper,electric motor and generator repairmen helpers,and equipment repairmen helpers.

88. Duties of Personnela. The division field maintenance officer is a

staff officer and exercises control of third echelonengineer maintenance activities in the division.His duties are to-

(1) Advise commanders and their staffs ontechnical aspects of engineer equipmentoperation and maintenance.

(2) Direct the supply and operations of theengineer field maintenance section.

(3) Advise commanders and staff concerningtraining of engineer maintenance per-sonnel and equipment operators.

(4) Supervise the preparation of reports andrecords of engineer equipment and sup-plies.

(5) Coordinate the plan for engineer fieldmaintenance within the division.

b. The engineer maintenance warrant officer,under the immediate supervision of the mainte-nance officer, directs the operation of the fieldmaintenance shop activities, and is a source oftechnical advice and help for personnel workingin the company motor pools, and in the fieldmaintenance section. His duties are to-

(1) Check incoming repair work to deter-mine the amount and nature of repairsneeded and advise as to the propermethod of disposition to higher echelonshops.

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(2) Set up field maintenance schedules forvehicles and equipment in accordancewith existing directives.

(3) Assign repair and maintenance workwithin capabilities of the field mainte-nance section.

(4) Inspect operations to insure that repairschedules are maintained and that cor-rect methods are being used.

(5) Check completed work to insure thatvehicles and equipment are in properoperating condition before being re-leased.

c. The section chief, under the supervision ofthe engineer field maintenance officer and theengineer maintenance warrant officer, directsthe activities of the field maintenance section.He helps prepare reports, keeps records and files,and trains personnel. He assigns and inspectswork and gives technical advice and help. Hesupervises repairmen, performs functions ofequipment repair inspector and such associatedactivities as supply control.

89. OperationsThe field maintenance section inspects and

effects third echelon repair of engineer equipmentin the division at work sites, whenever feasible.Major items which are determined to be beyondthe capabilities of contact repair will be evacuatedby the using organization to the supporting engi-neer field maintenance company. Minor items,such as sniperscopes, small generators, and com-pressors may, at the discretion of the engineer

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inspector, be evacuated to the field maintenancesection for repair and return. However, the re-quirement for maintaining mobility and the lackof evacuation equipment make it mandatory thatthe field maintenance section does not build upbacklogs of items for repair beyond that whichcan be moved by means of its organic equipment.The engineer field maintenance section is de-pendent upon the supporting engineer fieldmaintenance company for repair parts.

Section Xl. MEDICAL SECTION90. Organization

The medical section consists of a medical as-sistant, a section sergeant, company aidmen, asenior medical aidman, ambulance drivers, aclerk-typist, medical aidmen, aid station attend-ants, and ambulance orderlies. No formal organi-zation exists for company aid teams. Aid men areattached to the companies of the battalions ac-cording to the anticipated need for their services.

91. Duties of Key Personnela. The medical officer is a staff officer and also

commands the battalion medical section, andsupervises the medical service of the battalion.He serves as advisor to the battalion commanderand staff on matters affecting the health of thecommand and coordinates the medical plan withthe battalion S4. In general, the medical officer-

(1) Instructs battalion personnel in per-sonal hygiene, military sanitation, andfirst aid.

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(2) Makes medical and sanitary inspectionsand keeps the battalion commander in-formed of the medical situation in thebattalion.

(3) Establishes and operates the battalionaid station and dispensary.

(4) Requisitions medical supplies and equip-ment required by the medical section.

(5) Prepares the medical plan, includingrecommendations for location of thebattalion aid station.

(6) Verifies the status of medical suppliesin all elements of the battalion and takessteps to insure timely replenishment.

(7) Supervises collection and evacuation ofwounded.

(8) Supervises preparation of casualty lists,the monthly sanitary report, and otherrequired medical records.

b. The medical assistant, who is a medicalservice corps officer, helps the medical officer inhis administrative duties. The assistant to themedical officer may be directed-

(1) To help the medical officer in providingpreventive and first aid services, in-spections, and lectures.

(2) To conduct reconnaissance for locatingand establishing the medical aid station.

(3) To supervise section personnel activities.(4) To verify immunization records.(5) To conduct classes in selected subjects to

train the medical section and other bat-talion personnel.

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(6) To perform medical supply, transporta-tion, and administrative functions.

c. The section sergeant, supervised by themedical officer, directs the activities of the section,helps the medical officer provide preventive andfirst aid services, inspections, and lectures, andassigns tasks to section personnel.

92. Operations

The medical officer, in coordination with S3,supervises medical training and sanitation in thebattalion. The medical section provides companyaidmen and operates the battalion aid station.Evacuation of casualties from the battalion aidstation to the division clearing station is the re-sponsibility of the division medical battalion.Dental care is provided by the medical battalionat the division clearing station.

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CHAPTER 6BATTALION OPERATIONS

Section I. GENERAL

93. Employmenta. The armored division engineer battalion is

a self-contained unit designed to provide anoptimum combination of equipment and individualskills for forward area engineer tasks whichassist armor units. These are: road constructionand maintenance, construction and maintenanceof fords and bridges, construction and removal ofobstacles, preparation and execution of demoli-tions, and provision of engineer supply services,including water and map supply. These servicesare available to all units of the armored division.Some of these tasks are performed by the armoreddivision engineer battalion operating as a unit;most of them are done by the subordinate ele-ments of the battalion (companies and platoons)which support the combat commands and bat-talion task forces. When required, the armoreddivision engineer battalion can be committed asinfantry, but this should be done only after care-ful consideration of the effects of the resultingloss of engineer support.

b. The following are fundamentals of the em-ployment of the engineers:

(1) In a slow moving or static situation, thelocation of the engineers is dictated bythe site of their work missions.

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(2) In a fast moving offensive, exploitation,or pursuit, engineers in support of theleading battalion task force must be wellforward in the column to assist the taskforce in the passage of obstacles. Theengineer platoon normally marches justbehind the leading company team. Abridge platoon or section accompany theplatoon as required.

(3) In retrograde movements, the most im-portant engineer mission is to impedethe advance of the enemy. The bulk ofthe engineers are located close to thetail of the withdrawing column.

(4) The engineer platoon supporting a lead-ing battalion task force accomplishesonly work necessary for the passage ofthat battalion.

c. Within each combat command the task forceconcept is employed by the formation of battaliontask forces through crossattachment of tank andarmored infantry companies between attachedbattalions. Other combat, combat support, orservice support elements attached to or in supportof the combat command may be further attachedto or in support of battalion task forces if suchis required for a specific mission.

d. The engineer elements which normally pro-vide support for a combat command consist of anarmored division engineer company, a bridgeplatoon from the bridge company, and a watersupply team from headquarters company. Fromthese units come the engineers which supportthe leading battalion task force (s). The engineer

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units normally placed with the leading battaliontask force(s) are an armored division engineerplatoon and a bridge section. Direct support isthe normal method of employing engineer troopsas long as centralized control, reinforcement, andlogistical support from the parent unit are prac-ticable. Active atomic warfare may cause com-bat commands to disperse so that centralizedcontrol is impractical. In such instances, Engi-neer companies will normally be attached to com-bat commands.

e. The platoon leader of the armored divisionengineer platoon supporting the battalion taskforce is the engineer staff officer for the taskforce. He acts as an advisor to the task forcecommander on the most efficient and effectiveemployment of the supporting engineers.

94. Standing Operating ProcedureA battalion standing operating procedure

(SOP) helps greatly to initiate smooth function-ing throughout a newly formed battalion, and toorient incoming personnel. It saves time andeffort, increases efficiency, and helps to standard-ize procedures. A bulky standard operating pro-cedure defeats its own purpose. To be effective,it should be concise, yet informative, under-standable, and complete. Appendix II shows arecommended outline for an SOP.

95. Attachment to Combat Commandsa. The Armored Division may be employed in

most types of ground combat in either active ornonactive atomic warfare, because of its inherent

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adaptability to either type. The use of atomicweapons may make necessary the assignment ofmuch more engineer support than would be re-quired in nonatomic warfare due to the extensiveobstacles created.

b. The three combat command headquartersare the nuclei around which the major task forcesare organized for the accomplishment of thedivision's missions. Each combat command isformed on a task force basis for a particularmission by the attachment of tanks and armoredinfantry and the provision of engineer, artillery,and service support as required by the divisionmission and the division commander's estimateof the situation.

96. Engineers With a Combat Command

Normally when a combat command is advancingindependently, one engineer company and a bridgeplatoon are attached. When a combat command isin column of battalion task forces, one platoon ofthe engineer company, with a bridge section, joinsand supports the leading battalion task force.When a combat command is moving in more thanone column, the leading elements of each columnwill have supporting engineers and bridgingequipment. The amount of engineer support isbased on the anticipated engineer work load dur-ing the tactical movement. The rest of thearmored division engineer company marches inthat portion of the column which includes combatcommand headquarters.

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Section II. ADMINISTRATIVE MOVEMENTS

97. Engineer Assistance to Other Armsa. General. The armored division usually re-

quires engineer help for administrative move-ments. This work generally consists of-

(1) Providing facilities and assistance dur-ing loading and unloading at entraining,embarkation, detraining, and debarka-tion points.

(2) Maintaining roads and accomplishingany rebuild made necessary after theyhave been used by track-laying vehicles.

(3) Preparing the new area to receive theunit. This involves providing and im-proving facilities.

b. Employment. An administrative movementrequires that engineers remain at the startingpoint until the bulk of the division has left. Anengineer advance party is provided to preparethe new area before the bulk of the divisionarrives, and some engineers are sent with eachmajor echelon that moves independently. Ingeneral, engineer assistance is limited to workthat benefits the division as a whole, or for whichengineers are better trained and equipped thanother troops. Other units provide their ownfacilities and labor so far as practicable.

98. Engineer Work at Entraining Pointsa. Types of Work. Engineers at entraining

points may-(1) Construct or strengthen ramps and

loading platforms.

80 AGO 5868C

(2) Construct or improve routes of ap-proach.

(3) Construct or improve railway spurs andsidings.

(4) Assist troops of other arms in loadingand lashing equipment.

b. Loading Facilities. Every effort is made tochoose entraining points that require a minimumof new construction or improvement. However,loading ramps and platforms often have to bebuilt. Loading facilities are of two general types:side platform, and end-loading (FM 5-10 and TM5-280). The truck-mounted cranes of the armoreddivision engineer battalion may also be used toassist in loading.

99. Engineer Work on Roadsa. Engineer Reconnaissance. Engineers make

a detailed route reconnaissance before a motormarch. It is particularly important to determinethe load capacities of bridges and roads, and toestimate the density and speed of traffic that theroads can carry without undue wear and tear.Basing his decisions on this information, the di-vision engineer recommends routes to be followedand maximum speeds for both tracked andwheeled vehicles.

b. Engineer Work. Engineer road work for atroop movement usually is completed before themove starts. Such work consists of strengtheningexisting bridges and making minor repairs to roadsurfaces. Roads which do not need constructionwork or extensive repairs should be chosen ifpossible.

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c. Engineers With Advance Elements. Engi-neer troops accompany advance elements of theforce to do whatever work is necessary to meetcontingencies on the march. Engineer troops arealso located in the march column or columns, tobe readily available for work beyond the capacityof the engineers with the advance elements, andto do any maintenance work which becomes neces-sary as the force advances.

100. Engineer Work at Destination

Troops moving on foot, by truck, or by tanksshould be able to move their organic and attachedtransportation off the road and into their bivouacareas without halting. To make this possible,engineers may construct temporary crossings overroadside ditches and gullies, improve secondaryroads and trails, and clear new trails. Engineerwork at detraining points is similar to that atentraining points.

101. Movement by Combat Commands

An armored division engineer company nor-mally is adequate to support the movement of acombat command. Platoons, and infrequentlysquads, or an engineer company may be furtherplaced in support of the leading elements of acombat command, in accordance with the plans ofthe combat command commander.

102. Traffic Circulation

Engineers assist the military police in trafficcirculation by road and bridge reconnaissance,

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and by supplying road maps, overlays, signs, andmarkers.

a. Road and bridge reconnaissance is con-ducted in accord with the principles discussed inFM 5-36. Since the time available for reconnais-sance usually is limited, priority is given to thecollection of the most essential information. Thisinformation must be accurate and up to date,and should include such data as-

(1) Map or sketch of road net, including de-tours and alternate routes.

(2) Physical characteristics of roads, in-cluding the type of surface, road width,and number of lanes.

(3) Location, type, and characteristics oflimited roadway surfaces, such asbridges, underpasses, steep grades, andone way defiles. Information on suchfeatures should include load-carryingcapacity, width, conditions of approach,vertical clearance, and limitations onspeed and distance between vehicles.

(4) Mileage between important road inter-sections.

(5) Location and characteristics of facilitiesfor turning, parking, and halting.

(6) Sections of important roads where engi-neer assistance is required or may berequired because of difficult operatingconditions.

b. Engineer Recommendations. Road andbridge data obtained from engineer reconnais-sance are applied, by the use of symbols, to alarge-scale map or overlay of the area concerned,

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and submitted to G4 with the engineer reconnais-sance report. Included in the report are recom-mendations for protecting the road net from suchabuses as excessive speeds, overloading of roadsand bridges, heavy and continuous traffic on roadswith poor surface or subgrade, and use of roadsin need of repair. The division engineer makesrecommendations concerning traffic-circulationplans consistent with the engineer limitations ofthe road net and the availability of engineertroops.

c. Supply of maps and overlays is an engineerfunction. Allotments to units, individuals, andvehicles are established by the engineers as re-quested by G4.

d. Supply of road signs and route markers intraffic operations is an engineer responsibility.Determining the need for such signs and markersis a responsibility of G4, who coordinates withthe division engineer and the provost marshal.Signs are supplied to identify places, mark routes,give traffic regulations, and warn of special roadconditions. See FM 5-10 for proper sizes andlocations for traffic signs.

103. Battalion Movement

a. General. In administrative movements thearmored division engineer battalion usually movesas a unit forming an integral part of the division,except for required detachments (par. 93). Amove may be. by motor, rail, water, or air. Forlong moves, the battalion prepares its own equip-ment for shipment in accordance with current

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directives. For motor and rail movement it alsoloads its own equipment.

b. Motor March. The battalion is completelymobile in its organic transportation. Routinemotor marches will normally be covered by abattalion standing operating procedure, with suchitems as routes, destinations, initial points, ordersof march, and speed, specified separately for eachmove (see FM 17-1).

c. Rail Movement. In training and preparationfor movement by rail the engineer battalion mustbecome familiar with packing, boxing, and cratingorganic equipment, and loading equipment andpersonnel on railway cars. A battalion rail-move-ment table and rail-movement annex to the SOPare prepared and kept up to date. Detailed infor-mation on rail movements, types, characteristics,and capacities of railway cars, loading plans,and loading scales and tables is found in FM's5-35, 100-5, 100-10, and 101-10 and AR 55-21.

d. Air Movement. The prime consideration inloading the battalion for air movement is theanticipated employment in the airhead or at thedestination. Troops can best be controlled duringthe operation and after arrival at the landingarea if unit integrity is maintained. Key person-nel and equipment should be distributed through-out the airlift to minimize the effect of losses.Equipment too heavy or too bulky to be trans-ported by air must be either disassembled formovement and then accompany the followupechelon to the destination, or turned in to theappropriate depot. Before emplaning, troops areinstructed in the loading and lashing of equip-

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ment, in safety regulations on airstrip and inflight, and in the plan of assembly after landing.The battalion rail movement table, with a fewmodifications, may be used in compiling an airmovement table. For further details of movementby air see FM's 57-30, 100-5, 100-10, 101-10,and TM 57-210.

e. Water Movement. Water movement requiresspecial packing, crating, and marking of equip-ment, and additional training of personnel. Desti-nation, mission, type of operation, anticipatedemployment on disembarking, available shippingspace, and type of vessel are factors which deter-mine whether the unit will be combat loaded orconvoy loaded. The same data contained in thebattalion rail movement table, but in slightly dif-ferent form, can be used for the unit personneland tonnage table in preparation for movementby water. For additional information on watermovements see FM's 31-5, 100-5, 100-10, 101-10,and SR 55-720-1.

Section 111. TACTICAL MOVEMENTS

104. General

A march in a combat zone is a tactical marchwhen a column will be employed against theenemy upon making contact, or when interferencefrom the enemy is a possibility. The mission ofthe column, proximity of hostile ground forces,terrain over which the column will travel, typeof enemy resistance expected, and activity ofhostile air forces are all factors which will deter-mine the organization and composition of the

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column. Division tactical march orders are pre-pared by G3 in coordination with other staffofficers, particularly G4 and the division engineer,for the selection of routes and required additionaltransportation. Basic road spaces for motor ele-ments, as shown in FM 101-10, should be main-tained for all divisional elements.

105. Battalion ParticipationThe armored division engineer battalion, in a

tactical march, may have two companies and upto two bridge platoons supporting other marchserials of the division. The remainder of thebattalion usually marches with the division troopsserial.

106. Battalion March UnitWhen the armored division engineer battalion

marches as a separate unit, the following condi-tions apply:

a. Formation for the March. The march for-mation is governed primarily by the tacticalsituation. Each company normally forms a marchunit. However, when the battalion moves as aunit the companies, less heavy equipment, com-prise a serial. Heavy equipment, such as craneshovels and 5-ton trucks with semitrailers, aregrouped to form a separate serial. Maintenancepersonnel ordinarily march at the end of eachserial.

b. Communication. When signal security per-mits, radio is the principal method of communica-tion while the battalion is on the march. However,visual signals, particularly arm-and-hand and flag

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signals, are used extensively for column and ve-hicle control. Messengers are employed occasion-ally, but only for such purposes as carrying mapsand overlays.

c. Road Markers and Guides. Whenever pos-sible, road markers should be used at all pointswhere there may be a question as to the correctroute to be taken by a column. Arrangementsmust be made for personnel serving as markersto be picked up by the last vehicles of the column.The situation may sometimes even require the useof road guides.

d. Halts. Unit SOP's should prescribe ascheduled halt of 15 minutes at the end of thefirst hour and thereafter scheduled 15-minutehalts every 2 hours on the hour. Halt times willbe based on the IP crossing time of the leadingelements of the column. March units halt duringthis period and make no attempt to close up gapsin the column. All drivers and vehicle crewsperform their scheduled "at halt" maintenanceoperations. Since halts for refueling are scheduledin advance, commanders must know the rate offuel consumption of their units. The distancetraveled by the armored division engineer bat-talion before refueling should not exceed 75 miles,or a distance in which more than three-quartersof the capacity of vehicle fuel tanks is expended.

e. Control and Supervision.(1) Control of the battalion on the march

can only be attained by a high degree oftraining and discipline. Detailed super-vision by the battalion staff is necessaryto insure that the column is formed ac-

88 AGO 636SC

cording to plan. A staff officer is desig-nated to check the column at the initialpoint, the arrival of subordinate units,and the order of march. A control ve-hicle is selected for each march unit ofthe battalion. A well-marked route, roadmarkers, and road guides, also assist incontrol of the column and assure smoothmovement. Radio is the primary meansof control on the march. Factors affect-ing the use of radio are -security, capa-bilities and limitations of equipment,tactical requirements, terrain, andweather. Other means of control arehand signals, flags, phase lines, and con-trol points.

(2) Supervision of the march column is theresponsibility of all battalion officersand noncommissioned officers. Items tocheck include: condition of vehicles,distances between march units, speed,and general conduct of march units onthe move. Necessary corrections aremade at once.

f. Security. All movement in the combat zoneis governed by strict security regulations, withspecial attention to the possibility of air attack.Distance between vehicles is greater than in rearareas. Panel sets are kept in readiness for instantused to avoid attack by friendly aircraft. Thebattalion must be well trained in passive defenseagainst air attack. When there is a possibility ofground attack, as in a fluid situation or whenguerillas are operating in the region, tactical

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plans are made by the battalion commander andsubordinate commanders to meet the attack. Asystem of observers and signals is established.Individual weapons and ammunition are kept inthe hands of the troops. Machine guns are mannedand rocket launchers are dispersed throughout thecolumn. Tactical considerations, rather than ad-ministrative considerations, govern the conductof march.

g. Night Marches. The battalion must be ableto conduct night marches under all conditions.Constant practice offers the most valuable train-ing, and this practice is conducted on unfamiliarroads of all types. Special attention is given tothe planning and execution of night marches. Theimportance of route reconnaissance and theproper use of road guides and markers increases.Control of a night march is facilitated by de-creased speed, decreased distance, and increasedreconnaissance and security.

Section IV. SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS

107. Battalion Communications

a. The armored division engineer battalionprovides radio equipment operators, and trans-portation for stations to operate in the divisioncommand net, the division intelligence radio tele-type net, and the armored division engineer bat-talion net.

b. First and second echelon maintenance of-communication equipment is performed by theunits to which the equipment is organic. Third

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echelon maintenance is performed by the divisionsignal battalion.

108. Means and Employment of Signal Communications

Signal communications normally employed inthe Armored Division Engineer Battalion areradio (voice, teletype, and CW), wire, messenger,visual, and sound. Although radio is the primarymeans, complete dependence cannot be placedupon it alone. The various means are so employedthat each complements the capabilities and limi-tations of the others so as to provide an integratedarea (grid) system obtaining maximum speed,flexibility, security, and reliability. This systemis also capable of integration on an area basiswith the system of the next higher command, andwith adjacent or supporting headquarters whennecessary. Within available means, alternate sig-nal communication systems are planned for andestablished as required. All radios of the armoreddivision are installed and operated from vehicles,aircraft, or both, with the exception of those usedin dismounted operations. For detailed informa-tion on signal communications within the armoreddivision, see FM 17-70 and FM 11-11.

109. Signal Diagramsa. See figure 11 for the wire diagram of the

Armored Division Engineer Battalion.b. See figure 12 for the radio diagram of the

Armored Division Engineer Battalion.c. See figure 13 for the radio diagram of the

Armored Division Engineer Company.

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d. See figure 14 for the radio communicationsdiagram of the Bridge Company, Armored Divi-sion Engineer Battalion.

e. See figure 15 for a type radio net diagram ofthe Armored Division Engineer Battalion.

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Figure 12. Radio diagram of the Armored DivisionEngineer Company.

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Figure 14. Radio communications diagram of the BridgeCompany, Armored Division Engineer Battalion.

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Section V. OFFENSIVE ACTION110. General Engineer Duties

a. In general, the initial mission of the armoreddivision engineer battalion includes reconnais-sance and preparation of the axial routes of ad-vance. Plans for traffic circulation are formu-lated, if such control is necessary. The prepara-tion of axial routes may require the rehabilitationof existing roads or trails, or the construction ofnew roads and trails, always considering thewheeled and tracklaying vehicles and the armoreddivision loads. Consequently, the magnitude ofthe engineer effort may vary considerably.

b. Specifically, engineer duties in the offenseinclude-

(1) Conducting engineer reconnaissance andsupplying up-to-date maps.

(2) Opening and improving roads andbridges for troop movement, supply, andevacuation.

(3) Assisting in preparation of traffic cir-culation plans.

(4) Assisting forward movement of tanks,armored infantry, and supporting armsby repairing roads and opening trails,constructing bridges, and removing ob-stacles (fig. 16).

(5) Locating, marking, and destroying mines(fig. 17).

(6) Assisting in flank security through useof demolitions, minefields, and obstacles.

(7) Constructing advanced air landing stripsfor army aircraft.

96 AGCO 536SC

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(8) Locating, marking, and improvingsources of potable water supply and ac-cess roads thereto.

Figure 16. Armored Division Engineers removingobstacles.

Figure 17. Armored Diof armor

ion Engineers assisting passagerough minefield.

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(9) Advising the supported unit commanderon engineer matters.

(10) Collecting engineer intelligence, infor-mation, and producing and dissemina-ting engineer intelligence.

111. Control of Engineer EffortThe division engineer recommends the disposi-

tion of engineer troops for each division operation(fig. 18) and exercises overall supervision ofengineer effort. Engineers may be attached to,or placed in support of other elements.

112. Types of Offensive Operations

There are four general types of offensive action,envelopment, penetration, turning movement, andfrontal attack. The type initially employed by acommander is based upon his estimate of thesituation, and the types subsequently employedare based on his continuing estimate. Smallarmored units normally will not conduct offen-sive actions alone, but will participate as part ofa larger force. In participating in the fourgeneral types of offensive actions, small armoredunits will be required to conduct an attack oran advance to contact. Exploitation and pursuitare phases of offensive operations which may becontinuations of either of these forms. For adetailed discussion of offensive operations seeFM 17-1.

113. Engineers in the PenetrationArmored division engineers normally are at-

tached to each assaulting combat command. The

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size of the engineer elements attached is governedby the anticipated strength necessary to reduceobstacles and to support the advance of the as-saulting forces. Bridging must be so positionedthat it is available when needed (fig. 19). Whenthe situation warrants, armored division engineerdetachments can be attached to or placed in sup-port of each leading reinforced battalion. En-gineers held under division control have themission of assisting in the movement of the re-mainder of the division.

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Figure 19. Armored Vehicle Launched Bridge (AVLB).

114. Engineers in the Envelopment

In the envelopment armored division engineersmust be well forward in the column in order tofacilitate the advance of the division. As in thepenetration, a company of engineers and as muchas a bridge platoon are normally attached to orin support of each of the major tactical com-mands to be used in the attack, with the battalion(less detached elements) under division control.

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115. Engineers in the Exploitation or Pursuit

a. Division in Column. When the combat com-mands of the division are in column, a letteredengineer company, with a bridge platoon attached,may be attached or in support of the leading com-bat command; the battalion (less detached ele-ments) usually is kept under division control. Ifadditional bridging is attached to the divisionby corps, it may be kept under division controluntil it is needed by the leading combat command,or until a following major command is committedto action or placed on another axis of advance.

b. Division in Line. When two or three combatcommands are following independent axes, eachis given sufficient engineers and bridging equip-ment to facilitate movement over its assignedaxis (fig. 20).

116. Engineers in Covering Force Action

A battalion sized armor unit or armoredcavalry squadron employed as an advance cover-ing force will normally have the same engineersupport afforded a battalion task force in offensiveoperations. However, due to distances involvedin a covering force action, the armored engineerplatoon and necessary bridging will be attachedrather than in support.

117. Employment of Nondivisional Engineers

Bridging equipment and engineer units not or-ganic to the armored division engineer battalionmay be attached to, or placed in support of thedivision to fulfill the requirement of the attack

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Figure 20. Helicopter placing a bridge component.

plan. The size of the engineer elements attachedor supporting, is governed by the anticipatedstrength necessary to reduce obstacles and tosupport the advance of the assaulting forces.When necessary, nondivisional engineers mayfurther be attached to combat commands.

118. Engineer Reconnaissance in Offensive Actiona. Engineer reconnaissance in the offense is

continuous and as detailed as the speed of advancepermits. Routes of advance and alternate routesare thoroughly examined for serviceability, type,

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condition, location of critical points, alternateroutes, mines, and condition and types of bridges.Reconnaissance teams provide the division engi-neer with early, reliable engineer information inthe area over which the division is to advance.This reconnaissance will enable the division engi-neer to make an estimate of engineer work to bedone and of engineer materials available. Theon-the-ground reconnaissance must be supple-mented by air reconnaissance, map, and aerialphotograph studies, and study of reconnaissancefrom other elements of command. It is essentialthat this reconnaissance be made prior to themovement, since the information gained providesa basis for the estimate of engineer troops, sup-plies, and equipment necessary to support theoperation and for the selection of routes and theformation of traffic circulation plans. Terraincharacteristics which appear favorable to the ad-vance are closely examined, especially for possibleenemy use of mines, obstacles, and defendingweapons. Initially engineer reconnaissance dur-ing the advance is performed by reconnaissanceteams from battalion headquarters.

b. Engineer reconnaissance during the attackis as detailed as time and conditions permit. Onthe ground, personal reconnaissance is made bycommanders and is supplemented by the studyof maps, aerial photographs, and air and groundreconnaissance reports. Engineer companies at-tached to or in support of combat commands makecontinuous reconnaissance of the routes of ad-vance, particularly the main supply route (MSR)and the bridges, obstacles, mines, and sources of

AGO 5368C 103

engineer materials in their assigned areas. Engi-neer battalion reconnaissance teams continuetheir general reconnaissance effort, followingclosely the forward engineer companies and pay-ing careful attention to the routes of advance, theMSR and lateral roads, bridges, obstacles, engi-neer materials, and sites for new water points.Special reconnaissance missions are assigned bythe battalion S2 as required. On the basis of thisreconnaissance information, engineer operationalplans are made and means are provided to assistin maintaining the momentum of the attack.

Section VI. DEFENSIVE ACTION

119. Defensive Operations

a. The introduction of atomic weapons to thebattlefield has changed past concepts, particularlywith respect to the position defense. Defensiveoperations on the atomic battlefields are charac-terized by flexibility, dispersion, and the necessityfor additional defensive localities to be located ingreater depth.

b. Defense under atomic conditions is charac-terized by adequate and highly mobile reserves,increased distances between elements, increasedrequirement for surveillance between forces, andcarefully planned and coordinated fires to coverthe areas between forces.

c. An effectively coordinated barrier system isof particular importance when defending on thewide frontages and depths which are normalunder conditions of atomic warfare. Careful con-sideration must be given the necessity for free-

104 AGO 536SC

dom of maneuver of the striking force in themobile defense, and the routes to be used by thereserve in counterattacks in the position defense.Availability of manpower, material, equipment,and time impose a limitation on the extent ofbarrier construction. Maximum utilization mustbe made of natural barriers and CBR barriers.Use of prepositioned atomic weapons assists increating additional obstacles and in denying areasto the enemy. Use of barriers may cause tempo-rary massing of enemy forces creating a suitabletarget for friendly atomic attack.

120. Doctrine of DefenseDefensive doctrine contemplates the selection

and organization of a battle area to repel, con-tain, or canalize the enemy. Security forces areused to detect the time, direction, and size of theenemy attack and to delay and disorganize theattack, and utilize reserve forces to repulse ordestroy the enemy by counteroffensive action.For additional discussion of the armored divisionin defensive operations, see FM 17-100 and FM17-1.

121. Types of Defense: Mobile and PositionThere are two basic types of defense, the mobile

defense and the position defense.a. The mobile defense employs a combination

of offensive, defensive, and delaying actions, withthe success of the defense depending upon offen-sive action. The primary objective of the mobiledefense is the destruction of the attacking force.

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In the mobile defense, minimum forces detectthe enemy and canalize him into killing grounds,where the striking force attacks and destroyshim. The mobile defense is primarily orientedtoward the enemy, and is designed to cause hisdestruction in front of or within the defensivearea. The holding of the terrain is less criticalin the mobile defense than in position defense.

b. In position defense, the efforts of the defend-ing force are directed toward stopping the enemyat a preselected line of defense. The reserve isused to add depth, block, or to restore the positionby counterattack. The position defense is orient-ed toward holding ground, rather than toward thedestruction of the enemy.

122. Engineer Missions

Engineer missions in all types of defensiveaction are relatively the same. In general, themission is to impede the advance of the enemyby-

a. Assisting the movement of the reserve inthe counterattack and attack by preparation ofcounterattack routes.

b. Increasing the defensive capabilities of com-bat troops in organizing the ground and prepara-tion of defensive positions.

c. Preparation of routes for resupply andevacuation.

d. Creating obstacles in roads and otheravenues of approach from the flanks.

e. Performing general engineer work.

106 AGO 5365C

123. Control of Engineer Effort

In the position defense, armored division en-gineer elements may be attached to the combatcommands, or they may be retained under controlof the battalion commander and support theaction of the combat commands. The criterionfor attachment or support is the ability of theengineer battalion to control and direct the actionof these subordinate elements. Engineer ele-ments attached to the combat commands are keptunder combat command control; rarely are theyattached to the battalion task forces.

124. Engineers in the Mobile Defensea. General. Since attack by a powerful strik-

ing force is the key to the success of the mobiledefense, most engineer duties are the same asfor the offense. Engineers make necessary re-pairs or improvements to roads and bridges onall routes selected for the movement of the strik-ing force. Engineers with the combat commandsin the forward defensive area improve routes topermit the rapid movement of strong points.When authorized, prepositioned atomic demoli-tions may be used to deny areas to the enemy andstrengthen the defensive position. Armored divi-sion engineers may be retained under the controlof the armored division engineer battalion or at-tached no lower than to a combat command. Thecriteria for attachment or support are the tacticalsituation and the ability of the parent battalionto control and direct the action. See fig. 21 asan example of mobile defense.

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CC¢ AS COVERING FORCEB BECOMES STRIKING FORCEWHEN WITHDRAWN.ATTACHMENTS, OTHER THANENGR, NOT SHOWN (NOTE I)

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NOTE 2. MAY'BE ATTACHED TO, OR IN SUPPORT OF, CC

Figure 21. Armored Division Engineer Battalion in anexample of mobile defense.

b. Counterattack in Mobile Defense. Thecounterattack by the striking force is the keyto the success of the mobile defense. Time per-mitting, detailed counterattack plans should bemade to meet every contingency. Detailed fireplans are prepared to support each counterattackplan. Atomic fires are planned for each likelyarea of enemy attack in front of or within thebattle area. Such fires are closely coordinatedwith the plan of maneuver. Counterattack plansmust be disseminated to all lower echelons in

108 AGO 5868C

sufficient time to permit a thorough studyand detailed reconnaissance by subordinatecommanders.

125. Engineers in the Position Defensea. Organization. In the position defense the

division commander weighs the factors of mis-sion, terrain, and enemy and own situation, andassigns tank and armored infantry elements tothe combat commands in the proportion needed.Generally, the bulk of the armored infantry unitsoccupies the main battle position while themajority of the tanks, less those attached to thecombat commands in the battle position, are heldin division reserve. The combat commands or-ganize battalion task forces. Combat commandson the main battle position assign each battaliontask force a sector to be defended or a reservemission.

b. General. Armored division engineer ele-ments may be attached to the combat commands,or they may be retained under control of thebattalion commander and support the action ofthe combat commands. The criterion for attach-ment or support is the ability of the engineerbattalion to control and direct the action of thesesubordinate elements. Engineer elements at-tached to the combat commands are kept undercombat command control. Rarely are they at-tached to the battalion task forces.

c. Tasks. The division commander specifies thetype of defensive position (fig. 22) to be used andthe priorities of construction. The division en-

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gineer advises the commander on such mattersas mine laying, camouflage supervision, supplyof class IV camouflage and fortification materials,employment of prepositioned atomic weapons,and the employment of engineer troops. En-gineers prepare important demolitions, lay certainminefields, and prepare routes of movement forcounterattacks and for supply and evacuation.The division engineer assists in the formulationof the overall barrier plan and its implementation.

126. Engineers for Covering Force ActionA battalion sized armor unit or armored

cavalry squadron acting as a covering force indefensive operations will normally have engineersupport. Since all elements of the covering forceare placed under one command, the engineerssupporting this operation are attached.

127. Obstacles and Barriersa. Position Defense. In the position defense,

obstacles are used extensively. Time permitting,the defensive capabilities of the ground areaugmented by artificial obstacles and the improve-ment of natural obstacles, until a barrier zonehas been created, through which the enemy cannotpenetrate without a costly expenditure of menand material.

b. Mobile Defense. Obstacles and barriers areused in mobile defense to delay or canalize theenemy, but are positioned so that gaps and lanesin between obstacles and in minefields leave openroutes for friendly tanks and amored infantry

I o10 AGO 536SC

to move forward from rear or adjacent areas inthe battle position to destroy or repel the enemy.

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NOTE 2. MAY BE ATTACHED TO, OR IN SUPPORT OF, CC. ENGR PLATOONS REMAIN UNDERCOMPANY CONTROL

NOTE 3. PROVIDES ENGR SUPPORT FOR DIVISION AS A WHOLE. PREPARED TO PROVIDEENGR COMPANY TO DIVISION RESERVE WHEN COMMITTED

Figure 22. Disposition of forces, position defense.

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128. Engineer Reconnaissance in Defensive Action

Engineer reconnaissance in the defense andin the offense is continuous and detailed. Empha-sis is placed on route reconnaissance for counter.attack forces, and on engineer reconnaissancethroughout the defensive area. When the armoreddivision is assigned a sector for position defense,the engineer battalion reconnaissance teamssearch the area in detail and report all items ofengineer interest. This information then becomesthe basis for planning obstacles in the divisionbarrier zone; routes of supply, evacuation, andwithdrawal, or possible denial operations. In themobile defense, engineer reconnaissance is ac-complished primarily in conjunction with attackplans and is carried out under the direction ofthe unit engineer, with or without personnel fromthe engineer battalion reconnaissance section.

129. Employment of Engineers on Flank Securitya. Flank security depends on such factors as-

(1) Terrain.(2) Road net.(3) Enemy strength, disposition, morale,

and mobility.(4) Availability of friendly reinforcing or

reserve units.(5) Adequacy of communications.

b. Interior units are secured by coordinationwith adjacent units. Liaison is maintained withneighboring units so that the defense commanderwill be kept fully informed of developments inadjacent areas. Maximum use should be made of

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army aircraft. If the defending unit has an ex-posed flank or flanks, reconnaissance troops areused to patrol critical areas and act as contactparties. They may establish observation andlistening posts. In the event of a successfulenemy attack on the flank, units of the mobilereserve launch an attack. Engineers have thesame duties in flank security as in the defense,including the construction of obstacles, the prepa-ration of demolitions, and the laying of minefields.Engineers with the mobile reserve units doessentially the same work as in the offense.

Section VII. DEFENSE AGAINST ATOMIC WEAPONS

130. Generala. Injuries to persons from an atomic attack

can be divided into four general categories-thosecaused directly by blast pressure wave; thosecaused when buildings are wrecked; those causedby burns, either in the wreckage or from radiantheat; and those caused by nuclear radiation,either directly or through residual contamination.

b. Radiological defense is defined as the pro-tective measures taken to minimize damage topersons and materials from an atomic burst. Itincludes such measures as-

(1) Training, organization, and distributionof personnel.

(2) Preparation and maintenance of fixedand portable structures and equipment.

(3) Teaching of techniques and procedures,including use of detecting equipment,

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protection or removal of exposed per-sonnel, and decontamination of person-nel, equipment, structures, or terrain.

131. Command ResponsibilitiesCommanders at all echelons are responsible for

training radiological survey personnel, preparingradiological survey plans, initiating radiologicalsurveys and resurveys when necessary, evaluatingdata accumulated from surveys, and disseminat-ing radiological survey information for protectionagainst radiological hazards.

132. Organization and Functionsa. All echelons can perform radiological sur-

veys within their responsibilities with regularlyassigned personnel and equipment. Some tempo-rary changes in duty assignments of unit person-nel will be required when radiological surveys areconducted, but such changes should not be allowedto interfere with the primary mission of the unit.

b. A radiological survey team consists of acontrol party and two or more survey partiesas required. A control party consists of a variablenumber of individuals depending upon the situa-tion. Ground radiological survey parties consistof two individuals, a monitor and an assistant.The monitor takes instrument readings using thedosimeter; records dose rates, time taken, andlocation of each reading; and transmits readingsas directed. The assistant may be adviser and/ora radio-telephone operator as the situation dic-tates. The company is the basic unit for conduct-ing radiological surveys.

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c. At battalion headquarters one control partyand two survey parties are trained. Each com-pany trains and organizes a minimum of twoground radiological survey parties. Only oneparty at a time performs survey operations whilethe other party is prepared to act as a replace-ment. The comnpany party is capable of surveyingthe area normally occupied by the company inapproximately 1/, to 1 hour. Company units willreport through channels by the fastest meansavailable the first indication of fallout in theirareas.

d. Norma] staff procedures and functions applyin actions involving radiological fallout. Thebattalion S2 performs the following functions:

(1) Coordinates radiological survey opera-tions.

(2) Maintains the radiological fallout situa-tion map.

(3) Interprets radiological survey data andprovides fallout information to thecommander and staff.

(4) Disseminates radiological fallout in-formation according to regularly estab-lished procedures for handling allintelligence. Division G2 exercises gen-eral staff supervision over all radio-logical survey operations in the ArmoredDivision coordinating with the divisionand corps chemical officer.

133. Before Burst Operations

a. The division engineer is responsible for

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furnishing technical advice and assistance in theconstruction of protective works required forradiological defense in the division. He may pro-vide troop units to construct certain key installa-tions if so directed.

b. The principal effect of atomic warfare onengineer operations is to increase the amount ofengineer work to be accomplished. Technical pro-cedures are generally unchanged. Camouflage as-sumes added importance, and more camouflagematerials are required. Units do their own camou-flage work, under the technical supervision of theengineer unit commander. Alternate sources ofwater supply are located and developed in ad-vance, to reduce to a minimum the necessity forprocessing contaminated water.

c. When the enemy is capable of employingatomic weapons, the defense is dispersed in rela-tively great depth. This increases the require-ments for defensive minefields and tactical barrierminefields. Engineers supervise and coordinatethe installation of these minefields. Fortificationswhich are particularly complex, or which requireextensive engineer work beyond the capacity ofthe using unit, are constructed by the engineers.Fortifications are designed to protect troopsagainst most air bursts. Slot dozed trenches maybe provided to protect armored and wheeledvehicles from the drag effect of an atomic explo-sion. Additional engineer unit before burst tasksinclude-

(1) Surveying area for suitable shelters andsheltered areas.

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(2) Dispersing unit personnel, equipment,and supplies consistent with operationalpracticability.

(3) Covering essential equipment and sup-plies with canvas or other material forprotection against contamination.

(4) Organizing unit medical, rescue, andevacuation teams.

(5) Selecting and preparing an alternatebridge site for each bridge.

(6) Organizing a radiological defense warn-ing system.

(7) Preparing a radiological defense SOPbased on that of the next higherheadquarters.

d. Well-constructed foxholes 6 feet deep, 2 feetwide, and 31/2 feet long with minor modificationproviding 11/2 feet of earth cover will reduce theresidual radiation to %0oo of that received in theopen and is a practical solution for personnel re-quired to remain within a contaminated area.Personnel in armored personnel carriers will re-ceive only 1/4 to o10 of the dosage received bypersonnel in the open. A medium tank will reducethe dosage to only o 0 of that in the open.

134. After Burst Operations

The engineer mission, in case of an atomicattack, is expected to be essentially the same asfor other types of attack, but complicated inpractice by the destructive effects of atomicweapons and the additional hazards of residualradiation.

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Section VIII. RETROGRADE MOVEMENTS

135. General

A retrograde movement is any movement tothe rear or away from the enemy. It may beforced by the enemy or it may be made volun-tarily. Retrograde movements are covered bymobile security forces which delay and deceive theenemy and prevent interference with the move-ment. These covering forces maintain contactwith the enemy, who is forced to fight or maneu-ver for the ground gained. Retrograde move-ments include withdrawals from action, retire-ments, and delaying actions. For a detailed dis-cussion on retrograde movements, see FM 17-1.

136. Engineer Support of Retrograde Movementsa. Engineers are an important element in the

covering force of a retrograde movement. Theirgeneral duties are similar to those in the defense.Specific duties include-

(1) Participating in denial operations.(2) Delaying the enemy by destroying

bridges, blocking roads, demolishing rail-ways, installation of antitank and anti-personnel minefields, and erectingbarriers.

b. During retrograde movements, engineershelp the other arms to impede the enemy advanceas much as possible. This assistance may includeany or all of the duties mentioned in a above.Engineers near the end of the retiring columndestroy bridges and culverts, block roads, lay

118 AGO 536 C

mines, destroy supplies, and demolish railwaysand rolling stock. The time available determinesthe degree of destruction, and the number of ob-stacles created. Major obstacles must receivehighest priority. Engineers work closely withother elements of the covering force, moving tothe rear in leapfrog fashion. The covering forcecommander, responsible for delaying the enemyadvance, prepares a planning table for successivewithdrawals, based upon his orders from higherheadquarters. Since centralized control is neces-sary for all elements of the covering force, theengineers are attached to and under the controlof the covering force commander.

c. Engineers also assist the movement of re-tiring columns by performing road and bridgemaintenance. Leading elements of the retiringtroops must be kept moving toward their desti-nation; routes must be kept open and clear toallow successive elements to follow. Usually sup-ply trains, including those carrying engineersupplies and equipment, are among the first ele-ments to move to the rear. However, to meet theneeds of engineers with the security elements, itmay be necessary to operate engineer supplypoints near the covering forces until theywithdraw.

Section IX. DEFENSE AGAINST GUERILLA FORCES137. General

a. An area menaced by guerillas is as mucha combat area as a front line. Commanders andunits in such an area must maintain the same

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alert and aggressive attitude as front-line troops.Security measures are taken to safeguard troops,installations, and lines of communications. Vigi-lant security and sound defensive measures mini-mize friendly losses, and discourage guerillaoperations. See FM's 31-15 and 31-21.

b. All troops must be trained to repel guerillaattacks and to destroy the attackers. Seldom willit be possible to divert combat forces for pro-tection of rear areas. Armor units must makeplans for ground and aerial reconnaissance ofrear areas, mutual assistance by adjacent units,defense of installation perimeters, and armedescorts.

138. Troop Security

Troop security is a command responsibility. Allechelons must be thoroughly briefed on knownor suspected guerilla forces. Combat securitymeasures, including extensive patrolling, are em-ployed on the march, during halts, and in bivouac.Troops in rear areas tend to acquire a false senseof security, even though guerillas threaten themwith dangers at times as great as those in forwardareas. Guerilla operations are apt to be sporadic,and long quiet periods cause troops to become lessalert. Commanders must exercise continuous andmethodical supervision to maintain securitydiscipline.

139. Supply Security

Commanders must constantly emphasize thatsupplies captured, lost, traded, stolen, or thrown

120 AGO 536ifC

away are often recovered by guerillas and usedagainst our forces. Arms and equipment salvagedfrom battlefields by civilians frequently find theirway into guerilla hands.

140. Area SecurityUnit areas are secured against guerilla attacks

and sabotage with special attention given to thesecurity of arms, ammunition, and other equip-ment of particular value to guerillas. Fields offire are cleared and field fortifications are builtand manned by adequate guards supplemented bypatrols. Precautions are taken to prevent guardsfrom being surprised and overpowered beforethey can give the alarm. All soldiers are trainedin antiguerilla tactics, and keep their weaponsavailable for instant use. Methods of securingan area are altered frequently, to preventguerillas from obtaining detailed informationabout the composition and habits of the defense.Natives are not permitted to enter the area, andthose residing in the vicinity are carefullyscreened or evacuated.

141. Convoy Security

a. By Armed Security Detachments.(1) Lone vehicles, and convoys not capable

of providing their own security, aregrouped and escorted through dangerareas by armed security detachments.These units are organized and trainedto protect convoys from hostile guerillaactions, and usually contain elements of

AGO 6368C 121

armor, armored infantry, and engineers.The size of the detachment and its com-position vary with the topography, thecapabilities of the guerilla forces, andthe size and composition of the convoy.Traffic through known danger areas isnormally controlled by traffic controlstations.

(2) The engineer element is placed wellforward in the column, to perform suchengineer tasks as minor bridge and roadrepairs, obstacle removal, and detectionand removal of mines.

b. By Unit.(1) When a convoy is not escorted through a

danger area by a convoy security detach-ment, the parent unit organizes its ownconvoy security. Part of the availabletroops are placed well forward in theconvoy, and a strong detachment ridesin a vehicle or vehicles that follow themain body by about 3 minutes. Radiocontact is established between the twogroups, if possible. A fairly fast speedis maintained. Defiles are traversed athigh speed. Sharp curves, steep grades,or other areas where low speed is en-forced, are reconnoitered by foot troopssent ahead. At the first indication ofambush while the convoy is in motion,leading vehicles, if the road appearsclear, increase their speed to the maxi-mum consistent with safety, in an effort

122 AGO 536SC

to run through the ambush area.Drivers of vehicles disabled by enemyfire or mines try to move their vehiclesto the sides or off the roads so thatfollowing vehicles are not blocked.Troops from trucks stopped in the am-bush area dismount and return fire.Machine guns mounted on vehicles arefired at the enemy. Troops from vehiclesthat have broken through the ambush,dismount and attack rearward againstthe flank of the enemy. Upon learningthat the main body has been ambushed,the rear guard of the convoy dismountsand attacks forward against the otherflank of the enemy position. Both attack-ing groups take precautions to avoidfiring on each other. If the guerillasallow the main convoy to pass throughand then ambush the rear guard, troopsfrom the main body return and relievethe rear guard by an attack against theflank of the ambush position.

(2) Variations of this method may be usedto fit the situation, the number of troopsand vehicles available, the anticipatedstrength of the guerilla force, and theirmethod of operation.

Section X. DENIAL OPERATION142. General

a. A denial operation, by removal or destruc-tion, denies the enemy terrain or facilities that

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he would otherwise capture and use. A denialoperation is a responsibility of all commanders.For a commander having area jurisdiction, denialresponsibility includes everything in the area;for other commanders, unless they are specificallyordered otherwise, it includes only the materialand supplies assigned to their units.

b. A scorched-earth policy makes an entirearea useless to the enemy by removing or destroy-ing everything that could aid him in any way.This is denial carried to the extreme. If the areais friendly, civilians must be evacuated whenthe scorched-earth policy is applied. This evacua-tion must be strictly controlled to prevent inter-ference with troop movements. A partial-denialoperation, less drastic than the scorched-earthpolicy, is more often employed.

c. The theater commander decides on the ex-tent to which denial operations will include non-military supplies and facilities. When a denialpolicy is established, detailed planning and execu-tion involve major problems of engineering andlogistics.

143. ResponsibilityThe division commander is responsible for

denial operations within his area. In accordancewith the denial policy of higher headquarters,his plan provides for the denial of both militaryand civilian supplies, equipment, and installations.Denial operations are generally a major task, re-quiring a high degree of technical skill, and con-siderable time for detailed planning, careful

124 AGO 5368C

preparation, and execution. The engineer bat-talion is particularly suited for executing denialoperations, and extensive use is made of en-gineer equipment and demolitions. Troops ofother arms and services are also used. It is acommand decision to determine when preliminarywork is to be done and when plans will be putinto effect. To be successful, a denial operationmust be executed ruthlessly. Like other units,the engineer battalion has a standing operatingprocedure for the destruction of its own suppliesand equipment.

144. Items Denied the Enemy

All possible military supplies and equipmentare evacuated. The remainder is destroyed. Thedivision and the engineer battalion are interestedmostly in the denial of such items as-

a. Military equipment and installations.b. Military supplies.c. Communication facilities.

(1) Railroads and rolling stock.(2) Airstrips.(3) Bridges.(4) Highways.(5) Signal communication items.

d. Certain buildings and structures.

145. Denial by RemovalEvacuation of material is as much a part of

any denial operation as destruction. Evacuationmust be started early and conducted in accordancewith prepared priority lists. Every available

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means of transportation must be used to capacity,to save as much supplies and equipment aspossible.

146. Denial by Destruction

a. All possible methods of destruction are used.The most common are-

(1) Fire.(2) Flooding or drenching.(3) Mechanical methods, such as breaking

with a sledge hammer or cutting withan oxyacetylene torch.

(4) Explosives (FM 5-25).(5) Contamination.(6)- Projectiles: small arms, artillery, and

bombs.b. So that destruction may be executed at the

desired time, personnel to destroy each itemmust be designated in advance; supplies necessaryfor the destruction must be estimated and as-sembled at convenient locations; circumstancesunder which the destruction is to take place mustbe definitely prescribed; and, if orders for de-struction are to be issued, the means oftransmission must be provided.

147. Use of Prepositioned Atomic Weaponsa. Prepositioned atomic weapons may be used

for denial operations. Normally the officer re-sponsible for the execution of an atomic demo-lition mission will be the commander of theengineer emplacement and firing unit. The desig-nated commander should be highly trained in all

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aspects of atomic weapons operations which arethe responsibility of engineer personnel. Heordinarily directs all operations at the emplace-ment site, takes emergency action in the event ofa change of mission or misfire, and detonatesthe atomic weapon on order from higherheadquarters.

b. Engineer personnel prepare the emplacementsite under the direction of the engineer emplace-ment site commander. This may include provid-ing appropriate access roads, installing antitankand antipersonnel minefields or other obstacleswhen ordered, camouflaging the area to avoiddisclosure of the operations, providing localsecurity, and providing communication facilities.Engineer personnel install the atomic weapon inthe emplacement and complete all preparation ofthe weapon and site.

Section XI. RIVER-CROSSING OPERATIONS

148. General

a. Scope. This section presents a general dis-cussion of river-crossing operations, and thetactics and techniques of the armored engineerbattalion in these operations. Since the armoreddivision is seldom employed in the assault phaseof a deliberate river crossing, detailed informa-tion is not given. Detailed information on deliber-ate river crossings may be obtained from FM's7-40, 31-60, and 100-5.

b. Object and Mission. The immediate objectsof an attack on a river line are to get across

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quickly and economically, and establish one ormore bridgeheads to protect the crossing of theremainder of the command. A division usuallycrosses as part of a larger force. The infantrydivision usually has one of the following missions:to force the main crossing, to make a secondarycrossing, or to make a feint. The armored divi-sion, however, is normally a passenger in adeliberate crossing since it is better suited forbreaking out of a bridgehead than for forcinga crossing.

149. Types of CrossingsPlans for crossing a stream when all bridges

have been destroyed depend upon the strengthwith which the enemy holds the opposite bank,and the characteristics of the river. There aretwo general types of crossings-a deliberate rivercrossing, and a hasty river crossing.

150. Deliberate River Crossing

a. A deliberate river crossing is necessary ifthe opposite bank is strongly held or if the naturalobstacle is technically difficult. Detailed planning,extensive logistical preparation, and air andground superiority are required. Overall planningand coordination are performed by corps orhigher commands.

b. The armored division engineer battalion, ina deliberate river crossing, is normally held outto provide engineer support when the divisionis committed on the far shore. Some elements ofthe battalion may be used to operate assault boats

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during the assault phase or to perform prelimi-nary work on bridge approaches or access roadsbefore the assault. In any case, amrnored divisionengineers must not be employed where they can-not be withdrawn to accompany the armoreddivision over the river and to provide forwardengineer support for combat commands. The or-ganic bridging of the battalion is also held outfor support of the combat commands when theyare committed on the far shore. Extensive opera-tions require backup support from corps or armyin the form of additional fixed, floating, andassault bridging equipment and units.

151. Hasty River Crossing

The hasty river crossing is normal for thearmored division. It must be boldly executed, toinsure surprise and to prevent the organizationof strong defense. Detailed reconnaissance andplanning are secondary to speed. The one vitalconsideration is that the tempo of the advance ofthe armored division must not be disturbed. Fre-quently, aggressive action will result in the cap-ture of a bridge before the enemy has destroyedit. At other times a damaged bridge can be re-paired, a ford can be found and improved, ora ferry service can be established, using localboats and barges. Advance elements get acrossby expedient means, if normal bridging and equip-ment are not available. Hasty crossings mustbe anticipated, and all available river-crossingequipment must be well forward and usedpromptly. When the opportunity for such a

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crossing is presented to an advance force, sup-porting engineer troops assist in the immediatecrossing and exploitation. The armored divisionengineer battalion constructs bridges and othernecessary crossing means as soon as possible, tocross additional divisional troops that are rushedforward to expand the initial successes.

152. Crossing Meansa. Every available crossing means is used to

cross the maximum number of troops and equip-ment in the shortest time. If necessary after thefirst objective is achieved, rafts or expedientbridges are constructed by the amored divisionengineer battalion. These are used to cross tanks,additional personel, ammunition, heavy weapons,equipment, and necessary vehicles to support thebridgehead and to expand it to the second ob-jective. Construction of fixed or floating bridgesis usually started when the second objective isattained, or before, if enemy artillery fire islight. Achievement of the third objective coupledwith local air supremacy, permits the completionof the bridge or bridges, their uninterrupted usein crossing the rest of the division, and the ex-ploitation of successes already attained.

b. If the bridging is left in place, the bridgecompany immediately obtains replacement bridg-ing from the nearest engineer depot and rejoinsthe supported unit. On the other hand, althoughinfrequently, the bridging may be disassembledby one of the armored division engineer letteredcompanies, and reloaded on the bridge trucks,

AGO $868C130

which return to the supported unit for the nextbridging operation.

153. Desirable River-Crossing Characteristi:sThe following desirable characteristics are

sought in river-crossing operations:a. Assault-boat crossing sites are located, if

possible, where the current is moderate, and thebanks gently sloping. There must be adequatespace for simultaneous launching of the desirednumber of boats. Concealment is desirable forapproaches to the launching sites, and for thesites themselves. Frequently, lanes must becleared and marked to allow movement of boats.

b. Raft sites are normally located downstreamfrom bridge sites, and should be close to existingroads at points where the current is moderate andwhere banks can accommodate two or more raftswithout landing stages.

c. Floating-bridge sites should have-(1) Short, easily constructed approach roads

to existing road nets on both sides.(2) Moderate current.(3) Firm stream banks that can support

abutments.(4) Nearby points where floats may be in-

flated and launched. Normally, pontoonsare launched downstream of the bridgesite. When tributary streams exist, itmay be desirable to float pontoons tothe bridge from launching sites on thetributary.

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(5) Turn-arounds for vehicles at unloadingpoints.

(6) Large trees or other natural anchoragesfor anchor cable, when used.

(7) Small variations in water level. Allow-ances must be made for changes in waterlevel and velocity of current caused byfloods and tides, particularly for theireffect on the required anchorage.

Section XII. INFANTRY COMBAT

154. General

a. In carrying out their mission, armored divi-sion engineers frequently become involved incombat. They may fight to maintain their ownsecurity while on the march, in bivouac, or atwork. In this type of combat, engineers usuallyfight in small units of a squad or platoon. Inemergencies, combat engineers may be relievedof their engineer work and assigned an armoredinfantry combat mission. In such a case, theunit staff engineer must advise his commanderas to the effect that stopping engineer work willhave on the mission of the supported unit. Inexploitation missions, and before arrival at thecombat command objectives, the combat commandcommander may require the attached engineercompany to guard a sector of the perimeterduring extensive halts, or at night.

b. The basic tactics of engineers engaged incombat are those of infantry. Armored divisionengineer units have less combat effectiveness than

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infantry units because their equipment, availablesupporting weapons, and facilities are fewer, andtheir infantry combat training is not as extensive.For this reason, engineers committed to combatare used primarily in the defense rather than inthe offense. To compensate in part for thesedisadvantages, engineer units are assigned smallerfrontages than armored infantry units of cor-responding sizes, and should be provided withfire support from heavy infantry weapons. Toinsure coordination of supporting fires, engineerunits are usually attached to larger armoredinfantry units.

c. Training of armored division engineer unitsin infantry tactics is based on a plan or SOPcovering reorganization for combat. Emphasisis placed on training company officers in theproper employment of supporting mortar andartillery fires. See FM's 17-1 and 17-20.

d. Reorganization of the armored divisionengineer battalion for infantry combat is nor-mally limited to the battalion less the bridge com-pany. The bridge company usually is not re-organized. It remains intact, subject to call bythe division engineer, for assignment to divisionengineer missions. Detachments from the head-quarters company may also be used on engineermissions.

155. General Organization for Combata. Modification of Normal Organization. When

reorganized for infantry combat, the armoreddivision engineer company is capable of furnish-

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ing command, riffle, and crew-served weaponselements (app. III). Normal organization ismodified to provide effective use and control ofcrew-served weapons, for security of equipmentnot needed for combat, and for the special re-quirements of command, communication, and sup-ply in combat. A standing operating procedurefor reorganization is set up by the lettered com-panies and their platoons to establish definiteduties for all personnel.

b. Extent of Reorganization. The extent of re-organization for combat varies with the size ofthe unit, the time available, and the mission.When engineers are deliberately committed tocombat, there is usually time to reorganize beforemeeting the enemy. Rifle companies are formed,each with a headquarters and three riffle pla-toons. The platoons consist of a platoon head-quarters and three rifle squads. When a platoonoperating alone becomes involved in combat, how-ever, reorganization must be based on fragmen-tary orders issued after contact, and must becarried out gradually as opportunity presentsitself. Armored engineer units from companyto battalion are organized into combat and trainselements.

c. Combat Element. The combat element con-tains those elements actually engaged in combatand the personnel, equipment, and vehicles neces-sary for the command control of the combat units.

d. Trains Elements. The trains elements con-sist of combat trains and field trains.

(1) The combat trains consist of the supply

134 AGO 586SC

and maintenance personnel, equipment,and vehicles necessary for the immediatesupport of combat units. The combattrains are normally located in the im-mediate vicinity of battalion and/orcompany command posts.

(2) The field train is commanded by thesenior officer or enlisted man present.It consists of personnel and equipmentnot needed for combat, including kitchentrucks, trucks carrying supplies andequipment, and such special vehicles asair compressors, bridge trucks, cranes,tractors, and other heavy equipment.The number of personnel assigned isthe minimum necessary to maintain themobility of the field trains, provide forits local security, and perform essentialadministrative and service functions.The field trains will be located in thetrains area of the combat command towhich the engineer unit is attached.

e. Engineer Operations. Certain types of en-gineer work, such as water supply, supply ofengineer materials, and engineer reconnaissancemust be continued by trains elements.

156. Support Fire Power and Communication Facilitiesa. Effective use of engineer units on an in-

fantry combat mission can be increased withadditional fire power and means of communicationfurnished by other units in the combat command.Fire support is best accomplished when amored

AGO 5368C 135

division engineer units are attached to an armoredinfantry rottalion, and employed as part of acombat command. The armored infantry battal-ion commander is then responsible for furnishingsupporting fires. Forward observers from artil-lery and mortar units join engineer units em-ployed on the front lines. Additional antitankprotection is also provided by the armoredinfantry battalion commander.

b. The engineer unit enters the radio net ofthe unit to which attached. The use of pre-arranged signals is coordinated. In static situa-tions, wire communication may be established.In addition, the use of messengers and sound andvisual signals is necessary. Whenever possible,supporting artillery units will continue their wirenet down to each deployed engineer company.Details of signal communication in the armoreddivision are found in FM 17-70.

AC(: 536S(C136

CHAPTER 7

CONDUCT OF TRAINING

Section I. GENERAL

157. General

This chapter outlines the training required toform an efficient armored division engineerbattalion. Training is progressive, from basicand advanced individual training through unitand combined training. It must be kept in mindthat training never ceases-before, during, andafter combat-and that the ultimate goal of alltraining is success in battle.

158. Responsibility

a. Commanders of all echelons are responsiblefor training engineer troops assigned or attachedto their commands. The armored division engineerbattalion commander is responsible for traininghis battalion, and company commanders are re-sponsible for training their companies. Thebattalion S3 plans and prepares detailed trainingschedules for the companies, and makes recom-mendations to the battalion commander for theirapplication. He also establishes battalion-levelschools for officers, noncommissioned officers, andspecialists.

b. As a general guide, subjest to modificationimposed by division training directives, trainingnormally follows the army training programs

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(ATP's) provided by the Department of theArmy. Throughout all training, the applicationof prior instruction to current training isstressed. Skills once learned must not be allowedto go unused, but must be applied wheneverpossible, and concurrently with other training.

Section 11. TRAINING MANAGEMENT

159. Preparation

Every effort must be made to insure that in-struction, whether in the classroom, in- the field,or on the job, is carefully prepared and effectivelypresented. Fundamental training doctrines andprinciples are outlined in FM's 21-5 and 100-5,and TF's 21-2301 through 21-2306. Detailed in-structions for engineer training are presented infield manuals, technical manuals, and army train-ing programs of the 5-series. Special training in-structions are published in training circulars andperiodic training directives. Department of theArmy publications, training films, film strips, andgraphic training aids are listed in DA Pamphlets310-3, 310-4, 310-5, and 108-1. Additional train-ing aids should be prepared as necessary toaccomplish the training mission.

160. Equipment

Newly-activated engineer units are normallyfurnished enough equipment to permit effectivetraining. If the equipment is inadequate, everyeffort must be made through proper supply chan-nels to obtain whatever is necessary. If needed

138 AGO 6368C

equipment is still not available, expedients areconstructed and used. The training schedule isarranged so that available equipment can berotated among using units.

161. Training TimeA general breakdown showing total time to be

devoted to each subject in a 44- or 48-hour weekis given in army training programs. This is theminimum training week. Night operations, bivou-acs, and field exercises ordinarily require muchadditional time. Specific information on theprescribed number of weeks and basic, unit, andcombined unit training periods is published fromtime to time by the Department of the Army.

162. Training Areas

Although some engineer training can be con-ducted almost anywhere, a training area shouldapproximate the terrain and climate of the prob-able theater of operations. Large training areasare necessary so that training in such subjectsas explosives and demolitions can be safely iso-lated. Training areas should contain a widevariety of soil and terrain conditions; numeroustypes of roads and bridges; several kinds andsizes of standing timber; and lakes and gulliesof various types and widths.

163. SupervisionTraining requires active personnel supervision

by higher echelon commanders and their staffs,as well as by the battalion commander and his

AGO 5868C 139

staff. Each company commander constantlysupervises the training of his unit. Administra-tive personnel must perform their work correctlyand promptly, so that details and backlog do notinterfere with training. If the battalion com-mander has a competent administrative staff, hecan devote most of his time to the supervisionof training, and a minimum to administrativedetails.

164. Inspectionsa. Each command level is responsible for the

training of its subordinate units. Frequent train-ing inspections are made to check on the progressof training, and to determine what must bestressed to meet required standards. Inspectionscover all phases of training. Engineer soldiersare first tested on their military and technicalproficiency, and then on their abilities as mem-bers of an engineer unit. Actual successful per-formance by the trainees is the only true test oftraining.

b. Inspecting officers must be just, impartial,and constructive in their criticism. They musthelp and teach, as well as uncover faults. Inspec-tions are timed to avoid interfering with thetraining program. In this connection, it is de-sirable for several inspectors to conduct theirinspections simultaneously.

Section IlIl. TRAINING PHASES

165. Essential Training Phasesa. Filler personnel assigned to the battalion

140 AGO 53680

from reception centers receive basic combattraining applicable to the Army as a whole. Thesubjects introduced during this phase are commonto all soldiers regardless of arm or service.

b. The training program for a newly-acti-vated armored division engineer battalion is out-lined in ATP 5-300. This program covers thecadre, individual, and unit training phases, fromthe time the cadre is assembled until the battalionenters field exercises with the armored division.

166. Concurrent Training

a. General. To make training more realistic andeffective, arbitrary boundaries between trainingphases must be avoided. Each subject is re-lated to other subjects, and all subjects are in-tegrated into the team mission. This entails, tosome degree, conducting basic and advanced in-dividual, specialist, and unit training concur-rently. Reviews of basic subjects are incorporatedregularly in the progressive training phases. Inmany technical exercises, tactical requirementsare included, such as providing security for bridgeconstruction projects, and the protection of work-ing parties and obstacles from both ground andair attack. Throughout all phases of training,and particularly during unit training and fieldexercises, initiative and a sense of responsibilitymust be developed in officers, noncommissionedofficers, and others who show potential leadershipability. Each commander includes leadership ex-ercises in all training phases, particularly duringperiods of tactical and technical training. Comn-

AGO 5368C 141

mand is decentralized, and interference with sub-ordinate commanders is kept to a minimum.Everyone is instilled with the importance ofmaking decisions and acting quickly in emergen-cies not covered by specific orders.

b. Supply Economy. Throughout all training,every opportunity is used to stress supply econ-omy. All engineer personnel must be trained tounderstand that supply is a crucial factor, par-ticularly in theaters of operations. There must becontinuous training and supervision in the con-servation, care, and maintenance of supplies andequipment. Definite responsibility is fixed foreach item of equipment and supply, in storage orin use. Continued aggressiveness by all com-manders and supply personnel is required to stresssupply economy and the proper care of govern-ment property.

c. Defense Against Atomic Weapons. All mili-tary personnel receive orientation in defenseagainst atomic weapons. Unit radiological defensespecialists receive additional indoctrination andtraining in unit schools or in radiological defenseschools conducted at a higher level. Courses ofinstruction and training phases are described inSR 350-110-1, DA Pams 39-1 and 39-3, and DATC 3-2. In addition to required indoctrinationcourses, unit commanders encourage frank andopen discussions of unclassified atomic energyinformation in troop information programs andsimilar conferences. This instills the proper re-spect for atomic weapons, and also refutes irre-sponsible and misleading rumors.

142 AGO 536SC

d. Staff Sections and Administrative Personnel.The engineer battalion must have well-trainedand highly-coordinated staff and administrativesections. See chapter 2 of this manual, and FM101-5). Their training, both individually and bysections, is continuous. Additional individual train-ing may be received in special schools conductedby battalion or higher headquarters. Standingoperating procedures (SOP's) for these elements,as well as for the operating echelons, are estab-lished at the command level, where they can be co-ordinated with SOP's of higher echelons. Imagina-tion, initiative, realism, and close supervision arenecessary in training this type of personnel.

e. Tactical Training. Closely tied-in to all engi-neer training is progressive irstruction in combatprinciples, applied particularly in conjunctionwith security on the march, in bivouac, and atwork sites. Infantry methods and formations,prescribed in FM's 7-10, 7-15, 7-20, and 21-5,should be used as a guide, but they must beadapted to engineer strength, armament, andorganizations. Typical reorganization of armoredengineers for combat as infantry is shown inappendix III.

Section IV. COMPANY TRAINING

167. Combat Company Training

a. The company commander plans his trainingprogram in accordance with battalion trainingdirectives and policies. Proficiency in basic engi-neering subjects is stressed. Platoon commanders

AGO 5368C 143

train their own platoons in most subjects, insteadof each company officer teaching a separate sub-ject to the entire company. Full advantage istaken of various school quotas for the training ofspecialists.

b. Company training is of two types. In onetype the whole company is engaged on the sameproject, and all the elements of the company learnto work together as a team. This is practicablefor such subjects as infantry combat and con-struction, particularly expedient road and bridgeconstruction and repairs. In the other type oftraining the platoons work on different tasks andthe command, mess supply, equipment andmaintenance, and communication sections learnhow to support these work elements most effec-tively. This type of company training is practi-cable for any subject. Both types are vital to thesuccessful operation of the company.

168. Bridge Company Training

The bridge company commander is responsiblefor the training of his company, and for thetraining given to individual platoons. Companytraining is primarily directed toward insuringthat all platoon personnel are profi W-ent in loadingand unloading, maintaining, and erecting stream-crossing equipment. Training in day and nightconvoy operation is also best conducted at thecompany level. Most of the training is concernedwith the specialized interests of the platoons andsections. Because members of the platoon oftenwork away from the platoon, they must be

144 ACO 5368C

thoroughly trained in day and night convoy andbridging operations, and in independent missions.

a. Bridge Platoon Training. Basic training fol-lows the standard pattern. Advanced individualtraining requires more training time for a bridgeplatoon than for many other units, because of theheavy individual responsibilities. All membersof the platoon must be competent truck drivers,and should be well trained in driver maintenance,emergency repairs, day and night convoy opera-tions, vehicle camouflage, map reading, and driv-ing. In addition, they must be able to fire the.30-caliber machine guns and the grenade launch-ers, as well as their individual weapons. Theymay have to operate a hand radio set, to identifyand make elementary repairs to all componentparts of the bridge, and to act as bridge guards.Members of each platoon must know how to loadand unload all parts of the bridge section carriedby their sections. Key personnel must know theloading plans. All key personnel must be able tooperate the outboard motors and assault boats.Motorboat operators must receive sufficient train-ing to make necessary repairs to assault boats.Unit training stresses convoy operations, loadingplans, bridge construction and dismantling, andsecurity.

b. Equipment and Maintenance Section Train-ing. Certain basic differences between the motorsections of the lettered companies and the bridgecompany are reflected in the training given to theequipment section of the bridge company. Thereare no armored vehicles in the bridge company,

AGO 5368C 145

which reduces the number of projects that themotor sergeant must supervise. The large numberof vehicles needed promptly when a bridge iserected increases the importance of carefulscheduling of maintenance and inspection. Convoydiscipline in both day and night operations mustbe highly emphasized in the training of this pla-toon.

Section V. TRAINING OF OTHER TROOPS INENGINEER SUBJECTS

169. Training of Other Arms and Services

a. The engineer battalion is sometimes calledupon to conduct a demonstration of mine laying,mine clearing, or bridge construction for non-engineer troops of the division. Such demonstra-tions are usually staged by squads or platoons.The battalion frequently furnishes individual in-structors in engineer subjects for the training ofother troops. Subjects taught include mine war-fare, use of explosives, camouflage, rigging, fieldfortifications, and bridge and road building ex-pedients. Instructors are usually selected fromthe officers or key noncommissioned officers ofthe lettered companies.

b. When an armored division is activated, in-dividuals and small units receive separate train-ing. Then, when they have become reasonablyproficient, combined unit training starts. The en-gineer company commander acts as engineer ad-visor to the combat command commander. Whendeficiencies in the engineer training of the non-

146 AGO 5368C

engineer units of the command develop, the com--pany provides additional training. The engineercompany commander should insure that com-manders of other units within the combat com-mand understand the mission and capabilities ofthe armored division engineers.

170. Comparison With Other Engineer CombatBattalions

Although generally similar, the organizationsof the engineer battalions do vary with the threetypes of divisions-airborne, armored, and in-fantry. The principal differences are in bridgingequipment and personnel strength. Refer to FM5-132 for details of Infantry Division EngineerBattalion (ROCID). The armored division engi-neer battalion has increased cross-country mobil-ity and stream-crossing capability provided bythe armored personnel carriers.

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APPENDIX I

REFERENCES

1. Publication Indexes

The following publications should be consultedfrequently for latest changes to, or revisions ofpublications given in this list of references, andfor new publications on the subject covered in thismanual:DA Pam 108-1 Index of Army Motion Pictures,

Film Strips, Slides and Phono-Recordings.

310-1 Index of Administrative Publi-cations.

310-3 Index of Training Publications.310-4 Index of Technical Manuals,

Technical Regulations, Tech-nical Bulletins, Supply Bul-letins, Lubrication Orders,and Modification Work Or-ders.

310-5 Index to Graphic Training Aidsand Devices.

320-1 Dictionary of 'United States Mili-tary Terms for Joint Usage.

2. Army Regulations and Special Regulations

a. Army Regulations.

AR 40-205105-15

Military Hygiene and Sanitation.Field Signal Communications.

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AR 165-15 Functions of Chaplains, Com-mander's Responsibility andReports.

220-60 Battalions - Battle Groups-Squadrons; General Pro-visions.

220-70 Companies; General Provisions.320-50 Authorized Abbreviations.380-5 Safeguarding Defense Informa-

tion.385-10 Army Safety Policy.643-55 Disposition of Personal Effects;

Military Operations.700-2300-1 Motor Vehicles.750-5 Maintenance Responsibilities

and Shop Operations.

b. Special Regulations.

SR 55-720-1 Preparation for Oversea Move-ment of Units (POM).

55-720-2 Movement of units within con-tinental United States.

320-5-1 Dictionary of United StatesArmy Terms.

525-45-1 Combat Operations, CommandReports.

3. Field Manuals

FM 3-5 Tactics and Technique of Chemi-cal, Biological, and Radiologi-cal Warfare.

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FM 3-50 Chemical Smoke Generator, Bat-talion, and Chemical SmokeGenerator Company.

5-5 Engineer Troop Units.5-6 Operations of Engineer Troop

Units.5-10 Routes of Communications.5-15 Field Fortifications.5-20 Camouflage, Basic Principles.5-22 Camouflage Materials.5-23 Field Decoy Installations.5-25 Explosives and Demolitions.5-31 Use and Installation of Booby

Traps.5-34 Engineer Field Data.5-35 Engineer's Reference and Lo-

gistical Data.5-36 Route Reconnaissance and Classi-

fication.6-20 Artillery tactics and technique.6-101 The Field Artillery Battalion.6-135 Adjustment of Artillery Fire by

the Combat Soldier.7-10 Rifle Company, Infantry Regi-

ment.7-15 Heavy Weapons Company, In-

fantry Regiment.7-21 Headquarters and Headquarters

Company Infantry DivisionBattle Group.

7-24 Communication in Infantry andAirborne Divisions.

AGO 58680IS0

FM 7-25 Headquarters Company, Infan-try Regiment.

7-30 Service and Medical Companies,Infantry Regiment.

7-35 Tank Company, Infantry Regi-ment.

7-40 Infantry Regiment.8-10 Medical Service, Theater of Op-

erations.8-35 Transportation of the Sick and

Wounded.9-6 Ordance Ammunition Service in

the Field.10-63 Handling of Deceased Personnel

in Theaters of Operations.16-5 The Chaplain.17-1 Armor Operations Small Units.17-20 Armored Infantry Units, Pla-

toon, Company, and Battalion.17-33 Tank Platoon, Company, and

Battalion.17-50 Logistics, Armored Division.17-70 Signal Communications in the

Armored Division.17-79 Tank, 90-mm Gun, M48.17-100 The Armored Division and Com-

bat Command.20-32 Employment of Land Mines.20-100 Army Aviation.21-5 Military Training.21-6 Technique of Military Sanitation.21-10 Military Sanitation.

AGO 5368C 151

FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers.21-26 Map Reading.21-30 Military Symbols.21-40 Defense Against CBR Attack.21-41 Soldier's Manual for Defense

Against CBR Attack.21-48 CBR Training Exercises.21-60 Visual Signals.22-5 Drill and Ceremonies.22-10 Leadership.22-100 Command And Leadership for

the Small Unit Leader.24-5 Signal Communications.24-18 Field Radio Techniques.24-20 Field-Wire Techniques.25-10 Motor Transportation, Opera-

tions.26-5 Interior Guard.30-5 Combat Intelligence.30-7 Combat Intelligence; Regiment,

Combat Command, and Small-er Units.

30-15 Examination of Personnel andDocuments.

31-10 Barriers and Denial Operations.31-15 Operations Against Airborne At-

tack, Guerilla Action, and In-filtration.

31-21 Guerilla Warfare.31-25 Desert Operations.31-50 Combat in Fortified Areas and

Towns.

152 AGO 5868C

FM 31-60 River-Crossing Operations.31-70 Basic Arctic Manual.31-71 Operations in the Arctic.57-20 Airborne Techniques for Divi-

sional Units.57-30 Airborne Operations.60-5 Amphibious Operations; Battal-

ion in Assault Landings.70-10 Mountain Operations.72-20 Jungle Operations.

100-5 Field Service Regulations; Oper-ations.

100-10 Field Service Regulations; Ad-ministration.

100-31 Tactical Use of Atomic Weapons.101-5 Staff Officers' Field , Manual;

Staff Organization and Pro-cedure.

101-10 Staff Officers' Field Manual;Organization, Technical, andLogistical Data.

101-31 Staff Officers' Field Manual;Atomic Weapons Employment(U).

4. Technical ManualsTM 3-220 Decontamination.

5-220 Passage of Obstacles Other ThanMine Fields.

5-223 Foreign Mine Warfare Equip-ment.

5-226 Carpentry.5-235 Special Surveys.

AGO 6368C 153

TM 5-248 Foreign Maps.5-271 Light Stream-Crossing Equip-

ment.5-272 Widened Steel Treadway Bridge.5-278 Outboard Motors.5-295 Military Water Supply.5-725 Rigging.5-727 Engineer Hand Tools.9-738 Tank Recovery Vehicles M32,

M32B1, M32B2, M32B3, andM32B4.

9-2810 Tactical Motor Vehicle Inspec-tions and Preventive Main-tenance Services.

9-7012 90-mm Gun Tanks M48 andM48A1.

9-7426 Tank Mounting Earth MovingBulldozer M6.

21-305 Manual for the Wheeled VehicleDriver.

38-660-1 Operator's Maintenance Instruc-tions and Procedures for Ad-ministrative Motor Vehicles.

57-210 Air-Movement of Troops andEquipment.

5. Technical BulletinsENG 117 Field Fortifications.

6. Training CircularsTC 10, 1954 Demolition With Atomic Weap-

ons (U).TC 110-5 Joint Training Directive for Air-

Ground Operations.7. Table of Allowances

TA 23-100 Ammunation for Training.154 AGO 58680C

APPENDIX IIRECOMMENDED OUTLINE FOR AN SOP

(To be used as a checklist)

HEADQUARTERS__th ARMORED DIVISION ENGINEER

BATTALIONDATE:

STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURETABLE OF CONTENTS

(List paragraph numbers and titles)

Section I. GENERAL

1. APPLICATION (To operations, relation toprior SOP's, lower units to conform.)

2. PURPOSE3. REFERENCES (AR's, SR's, FM's TM's)4. RESPONSIBILITY FOR SOP (Preparation,

changes, and revisions.)5. EFFECTIVE DATE

Section II. COMMAND, STAFF, AND LIAISON

6. ORGANIZATIONa. Normal.b. Special internal attachments and organiza-

tion.c. Normal and special, external attachment and

support (combat commands, task forces,etc.).

7. COMMAND POSTSa. Normal location (in relation to next higher

headquarters).

AGO 58680 155

b. Reporting change of location (coordinatesand time).

c. Forward CP's.(1) When (situation for which required).(2) How (organized).(3) Personnel and equipment.

8. STAFF DUTIESa. Duties that are special or additional to those

in FM's 5-134 and 101-5.b. Duties of such other important special staff

officers as the commander desires to pre-scribe (paragraph for each).

9. LIAISON (FM's 5-134 and 101-5)a. Duties of liaison officers.b. Responsibilities for liaison (with next

higher, lower,' and adjacent units).

Section III. ADMINISTRATION10. GENERAL (Channels) (FM 100-10)11. REPORTS

a. Routineb. Specialc. Information concerning submission of re-

ports.(1) Title and reports control symbol.(2) Form for report.(3) Date due.(4) Number of copies.(5) Negative report required or permissible.

12. PROMOTIONS (Policies)a. Officer (AR's in 140 and 605 series)b. Enlisted (AR 624-200)c. Battlefield.

AGO 5368C156

13. COURTS-MARTIAL (MCM, US 1951)a. Local jurisdiction.b. Procedure for submitting cases.

14. MAIL (AR 340-15, 341-10, and 341-50)a. Handling of official mail.b. Handling of personal mail.

15. LEAVES AND PASSES (AR's 630-5,630-10, 630-20)

a. Policy of command (frequency, conduct, VDpolicies, etc.).

b. Authority to grant.16. JOURNALS AND HISTORY (AR's 220-

345, 220-346, SR 600-730-5)a. Responsibility for unit journal and history.b. Maintenance of staff section journals.

17. DISTRIBUTION OF MILITARY PUBLI-CATIONS (AR 310-1)

18. HANDLING OF PRISONERS OF WAR(DA Pam 20-151)

a. Reference to FM 27-10.b. Special instructions for capturing units.

19. AWARDS AND DECORATIONS (AR's220-105 and 672-5-1)

a. Channels.b. Forms.c. Presentations.

20. ORDERS (FM 101-5)a. Combat orders.b. Memoranda of combat orders to S3.

21. BILLETS AND BIVOUACSa. Billeting policies (occupation and vacating).b. Billeting party (organization and duties).

AGO 5368C 157

Section IV. MOVEMENT

22. GENERAL (Division SOP and march orders)

23. MOTOR MOVEMENT (FM 25-10 and AR55-355)

a. Preparation of vehicles.b. Motor marches.

(1) Strip maps.(2) loute reconnaissance.(3) Messing and refueling.(4) Night marches.(5) Makeup of march units and serials.(6) Distances to be maintained.(7) Speeds and rate of march.(8) Posting of traffic guards during halts.

c. Movement by infiltration.d. Maintenance on marches and movements.e. Conduct of personnel during movement.

24. VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT REGU-LATIONS

a. Motor pool (AR's 700-2300-1 and 58-5)(1) Dispatch.(2) Service.(3) Maintenance.

b. Regulations for administrative vehicles.

25. RAIL MOVEMENTS (AR's 55-130 and55-355)

a. Action by S1.(1) Movement policy.(2) Troop lists.(3) Designation of movement control per-

sonnel.b. Action by S2.

AGO 5S68C158

(1) Railroad reconnaissance report.(2) Security.

c. Action by S3.(1) Determine rolling-stock requirements.(2) Coordinate loading plans.(3) Prepare loading schedule and designate

areas.d. Action by S4.

(1) Initiate transportation requests.(2) Troop and guard mess.(3) Procurement of blocking and dunnage.(4) Prepare shipping documents.

26. AIR MOVEMENTS (AR's 55-42 and 55-355)

a. Action by S1 (same as par. 25a).b. Action by S2.

Securityc. Action by S3.

(1) Determine type of craft required.(2) Coordinate loading plans.(3) Prepare loading schedule and designate

loading areas.(4) Instruct necessary personnel in air

transportability technique.d. Action by S4.

(1) Initiate transportation requests.(2) Assure availability of tie-down devices

and material.(3) Furnish weights of equipment for load-

ing computation.(4) Arrange for any necessary Air Force

supplies.(5) Prepare shipping documents.

AGO 5368C 159

27. WATER MOVEMENT (AR 55-305 and SR55-720-1)

a. Action by S1 (same as par. 25a).b. Action by S2 (same as par. 25b).c. Action by S3.

(1) Determine shipping required.(2) Coordinate loading plans.(3) Prepare loading schedule and designate

loading areas.d. Action by S4.

(1) Initiate transportation requests.(2) Provide for troop mess.(3) Prepare shipping documents.

28. FOOT MARCHES (FM's 7-10 and 7-40)Section V. SECURITY

29. GENERAL (Policy and responsibilities)(FM 26-5, AR 345-15 and AR 380-5)

30. SECURITY DURING MOVEMENTa. Air guard.b. Manning of vehicular weapons.c. Camouflage during halts.d. Advance, flank, and rear guards.e. Action in case of attack.

(1) Air.(2) Mechanized.(3) Chemical, bacteriological, and atomic

(sec. X).31. SECURITY IN BIVOUAC (FM's 5-20, 5-

31, 7-10, and 31-20)a. Camouflage.b. Mines and booby traps.

160 AGO 536fi8C

c. Placement of weapons for-(1) Air attack.(2) Mechanized attack.(3) Troops and guerillas.

d. Joint security.e. Security plans.f. Sentry posts and outposts.

32. REAR AREA OBSERVATION (FM's 7-10and 7-40)

a. Formation of rear area observation groups.b. Selection of 'rear area observation posts.c. Twenty-four hour manning of post.d. Observation of rear areas, when required.e. Communications for observation posts.

33. SECURITY OF WORKING PARTIESa. Responsibility.b. Camouflage of'equipment.c. Combat readiness.

34. SECURITY WARNING SIGNALS'a. Air attack.b. Airborne attack.

. c. Mechanized attack.d. G'as attack.e. Chemical, bacteriological, and atomic attack

(sec. X).35. FIRE SAFETY AND FIREFIGHTING (SR

420-510-1)a. Plan (general).b. Fire personnel and duties.c. Safety rules (motor pools, kitchens, etc.).

36. ALERT PLANSa. Unit plans.b. Alert roster.

AGO 5368C 161

c. Armament and equipment.d. Phase system for alert warnings.

Section VI. COMMUNICATION

37. TYPES USED38. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN UNITS

(TM's 11-462 and 24-210, and FM's 24-5and 24-20)

a. Radio.b. Telephone (TM 24-210).c. Responsibility for installation.d. Visual (FM 21-60).

39. COMMUNICATION PROCEDURESa. Radiotelephone voice procedure ':(ACP 125

(A)).b. Signal security.c. Citation of SOI and SSI of higher head-

quarters.40. MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITIES OF

COMMUNICATION OFFICER (FM's7-25 and 100-11)

Section VII. RECONNAISSANCE, INTELLI-GENCE, AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE

41. RECONNAISSANCEa. Reconnaissance a continuing function.b. Essential elements of engineer information.

42. ENGINEER INTELLIGENCEa. Evaluation.b. Preparation of reports.c. Dissemination.

43. COMBAT INTELLIGENCE (FM 30-5)a. Definition of "spot report."

162 AGO 6S88C

b. "Spot reports" required.(1) Initial contact with enemy.(2) Marked changes in enemy disposition or

situation.(3) Attack by armored, aircraft, or airborne

forces.(4) New units identified.(5) Enemy strength, composition, and move-

ment.(6) Location of enemy installations.(7) Use of chemicals or new weapons.(8) New enemy materials or equipment.

44. COUNTERINTELLIGENCEa. Mail censorship.b. Blackout discipline.c. Extent of information given if captured.d. Signs and countersigns.e. Destruction of classified material.f. Civilian control.gq. Secrecy discipline.h. Information to press representatives.

Section VIII. SUPPLY45. CLASS I

a. Ration, pickup.b. Daily ration return and ration cycle.c. Reserve rations carried.

(1) By unit,(2) By individual.

d. Responsibility for attached units.46. WATER

a. Authorized sources.b. Purification by expedient methods.c. Water economy.

AGO 5368C163

47. CLASS II AND IVa. Requisition days for various services.b. Pickup procedures.c. Salvage turn-in procedures.d. Droppage by "Battle Loss Certificate."

48. CLASS IIIa. Method of supply.b. Fuel sources.

49. CLASS Va. Method of requisitioning.b. Forms used and certificates required.c. Basic load.d. Salvage.

50. MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES ANDEQUIPMENT (TM's 5-505, 9-8000, 38-660-1, and 38-660-2)

a. Echelons of maintenance.b. Maintenance officers' responsibilities.c. Forms used.d. Priorities.

51. REPAIR PARTSa. Method of requisitioning; engineer and ord-

nance.b. Maintenance of stock levels.e. Inspections for maintenance and stock levels.d. Parts and equipment records.

52. EVACUATION OF VEHICLES ANDEQUIPMENT

a. Engineer channels.b. Ordnance channels.

53. PURCHASE AND PROCUREMENT (AR's35-6300 and 700-34) .

a. Designation and duties of P&C officer.

16 4 AGO 5368C

b. Procedures and channels.c. Items and services (include real estate).

Section IX. REORGANIZATION FORCOMBAT

54, REORGANIZATION (General)55. DESIGNATION OF COMBAT ELEMENT

a. Personnel.b. Equipment.

56. DESIGNATION OF TRAINS ELEMENTa. Personnel.b. Equipment.

57. SUPPLY (TM 9-1900)a. Ammunition.b. Unit Trains.

58. COMMUNICATION59., MEDICAL EVACUATION (FM's 7-30 and

8-35)60. STATEMENT OF EFFECT ON NORMAL

MISSION

Section X. ATOMIC WARFARE(See DA TC 33,1952; FM 100-31; DA Pam's

: w-39-1 and 39-3)61. GENERAL

a. Purpose. Scope and application.b. Unit procedure.

62. COMMANDa. Atomic warning system and control net.b. Coordination with higher, lower, and ad-

jacent units.63. PERSONNEL

a. Strength, records, and reports.b. Replacements.

AGO 5368C 165

c. Discipline, law, and order.d. Prisoners of war.e. Burial and graves registration (mass burial).

64. CIVIL AFFAIRS/MILITARY GOVERN-MENT

(Reference to next higher headquarter's SOP.)65. INTELLIGENCE

a. All information to be relayed to higher head-quarters promptly.

(1) Atomic targets.(2) Enemy countermeasures.(3) Effects of our atomic weapons.(4) Indication of enemy use of atomic

weapons.(a) Appearance of special type aircraft,

weapons, instruments, or equipment.(b) Adoption of special precautions and

troop restrictions.(c) Creation of wide gaps in formations

or withdrawal of front-line units.(d) Special training instructions.

b. Handling of prisoners of war, captureddocuments, and materiel related to atomicwarfare.

(1) Prisoners of war.(2) Documents.(3) Materiel.

c. Escapees and evaders.d. Clandestine agents, guerillas, partisan forces,

and underground organizations.e. Counterintelligence.

(1) Atomic intelligence security.(2) Capture of enemy specialists.

AGO 6S68C16I

(3) Civilian evacuation.(4) Disclosures of enemy attacks.

f. Tactical propaganda.66. OPERATIONS

a. Alternate tactical plans.b. Post attack operations.

(1) Tree blowdown.(2) Thermal.(3) Fallout.

(a) Unit protection.(b) Operation in contaminated areas.

c. Warning orders to our own troops.d. Communication.e. Security.

(1) Bivouac and assembly areas.(2) Shelters and fortifications.(3) Camouflage.(4) Movement.(5) Dispersion.

f. Training.(1) Individual.(2) Unit.(3) Specialist.

g. Psychological warfare.h. Reorganization of units.

67. LOGISTICSa. Supply.

(1) Requisitions for special supplies fordefense against atomic attack.

(2) Restocking of supplies and equipment.b. Evacuation and hospitalization.

(1) Maximum permissible radiation ex-posure.

AGO 6368C 167

(2) First aid procedures.(3) Evacuation of mass casualties.(4) Provision for requesting mobile medical

and surgical augmentations.c. Service.

(1) Evacuation of damaged materiel.(2) Decontamination of supplies, equipment,

and personnel.(3) Camouflage of dummy installations.(4) Priorities for repair and construction.

68. REPORTS'a. Personnel-casualty estimates.b. Intelligence-materiel, documents, enemy

specialists.c. Operations-report of effectiveness of units

after atomic attack.'

AGO 5368C168

ANNEX

Section X. CBR DEFENSE SOPAnnex ------- (CBR) to ------- ENGR BN.

ARMD DIV SOP

1. GENERALa. Purposeb. Subordinate units to issue SOP's to conform.

2. REFERENCESa. FM 21-40 (list other pertinent doctrinal

sources).b. Division Training Directive No. .-....c. Orders, SOP's, and annexes.

3. ORGANIZATIONa. Command and staff structure.b. Specialists.

4. RESPONSIBILITIESa. Individual.b. Company Commanders.

(1) Plans.(2) Proficiency of unit personnel.(3) Safeguarding and processing of cap-

tured enemy CBR personnel and equip-ment.

(4) Unit CBR equipment.(5) First and second echelon decontamina-

tion.c. Large-scale decontamination (Engineer An-

nex, Armd Div, SOP No.............).5. DISPERSION

Guide to minimum yardage maintained betweenvarious type sections.

AGO 6368C 169

6. CBR ALARMSa. General alarm. Attack considered imminent.b. Actual attack.

7. PROCEDURE IN CASE OF CBR ATTACKa. Action prior to attack.b. Action during attack.

(1) Protective equipment.(2) Cover and movement.(3) Unit protective measures.(4) Coordination between higher, lower,

and adjacent units.c. Action after attack.

(1) All-clear signal.(2) Continuation of mission.(3) Resupply of protective equipment and

material.(4) Marking and reporting of contaminated

areas.8. PROTECTION

a. Individual.b. Unit.c. Tactical.

9. SUPPLYa. Emergency requisitions.b. Authorized levels of CBR equipment.

170 AGO 5368C

10. TRAININGSee Division Training Directive No. ......

BY ORDER OF LT COLONEL MOYER/s/ Dean Ludwig/t/ DEAN LUDWIG

Capt CEOFFICIAL Adjutant

/s/ Dean Ludwig/t/ DEAN LUDWIG

Capt CEAdjutant

DISTRIBUTION:RECOMMENDED ANNEXES

1. Wearing of the uniform.2. Signs.3. Format for "Daily Engineer Situation

Report."4. Billets and bivouacs.5. Destruction of classified documents.6. Staff section SOP's.7. Headquarters and headquarters com-

pany loading plan.8. Reorganization for combat.9. Alert plan.

10. March table.11. Battalion radio net.

AGO 5868C 17L

APPENDIX IIIREORGANIZATION OF ARMORED DIVISION

ENGINEER BAATALION FOR COMBAT ASINFANTRY

Section I. GENERAL

1. Purpose

This appendix is intended to serve as a guidefor the reorganization of armored division engi-neer units when the tactical situation requirestheir use in combat as infantry. It includes theformation of a combat element of personnel,weapons, and equipment for combat employmentas provisional infantry units. The trains elementis organized to support the combat employment ofthe combat element (fig. 23). It may, in addition,be required to provide elements of the battalionfor normal engineer missions. This will especiallybe true of the bridge company, which will usuallybe retained on engineer tasks. The reorganiza-tion plan is intended to make the most effectiveuse of the available personnel, equipment, andorganic weapons for a combat role. It is basedon TOE 5-215, ROCAD, 1 December 1956. Theplan may be modified if necessary to meet theactual tactical situation and the current unitstrength and weapons available. Any variationcaused by reduced strength should, if practicable,be at the expense of the trains element.2. Alert

All personnel of the battalion are alerted assoon as orders are received from higher head-

172 AGO 86368C

| > HO | HO 6HO Co*|| DltO ° | |COo DETS)|

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ EDI ,01L~~~z...j~~~~ ~c'. sIc* l* NOTE'.THE BRIDGE COMPANY AND SOME PERSONNEL OF HEADOUARTERS AND HEADOUARTERS COMPANYMAY BE USED SY THE DIVISION ENGINEER ON ENGINEER TAS.S ELSEWHERE

Figure 23. Reorganization of the Armored DivisionEngineer Battalion.

quarters to commit the battalion as infantry.Upon receipt of such an alert, the reorganizationplan becomes effective. Each company com-mander prepares, in advance, an SOP designed toeffect the reorganization of his company as re-quired in the battalion SOP.

3. Weapons

All weapons, both individual and crew-served,organic to the units of the battalion, are utilized.In such an emergency, it cannot be assumed thatadditional weapons from other components of thearmored division will be available for issue.

AGO 5368C 173

4. Engineer WorkWhen the battalion is committed as infantry,

engineer work plans are greatly curtailed.a. Engineer supply and maintenance, map sup-

ply, and water supply, and limited engineer re-connaissance are continued even when engineerwork is curtailed.

b. If engineer work is continued, althoughdrastically curtailed, it would usually be assignedto the bridge company and to detachments fromthe headquarters and headquarters company. Ifmore engineer work is deemed essential, a letteredcompany may be required.

5. TrainingDuring all combat training exercises, the plan

for reorganization of the battalion is effective.

6. Support by Trains Elementsa. The engineer battalion combat support sys-

tems include combat trains and field trains.(1) Combat trains include the necessary

supply, maintenance, and medical per-sonnel, equipment, and vehicles for theimmediate support of combat elements.The combat trains will be located in thevicinity of the battalion and/or companycommand posts, depending upon whetherthe battalion is operating as a unit orwhether companies are operating aloneor attached to combat commands.

(2) Field trains include all personnel, equip-ment, and vehicles not in either the corn-

AGO 53680174

bat element or combat trains. The loca-tion of the field trains is based on thefollowing considerations:

(a) When an armored division engineercompany, operating as infantry, is at-tached to an armored infantry bat-talion, the company's field trains willbe located with the engineer battalionfield trains.

(b) When the armored division engineerbattalion, operating as infantry, isemployed as a unit the armored engi-neer battalion's field trains will be lo-cated in the combat command trainsof the combat command to which thebattalion is attached.

(c) The bridge company less those ele-ments in support of combat com-mands, the field maintenance platoon,the equipment platoon and certainheavy equipment from engineer com-panies will be located in divisiontrains.

(3) For a detailed discussion of combat andfield trains operation see FM 17-50.

7. Fire Support From Either UnitsSee paragraph 156.

8. CommunicationsSee paragraph 156.

9. Individual EquipmentEach individual prepares full field equipment

for retention. All other individual equipment is

AGO 5868C 175

stored with trains element until released by thebattalion commander.

Section II. REORGANIZATION OF ARMOREDDIVISION ENGINEER SQUAD

10. Trains Element

The squad trailer, tools, and organic and indi-vidual equipment that are not needed for actualcombat are assigned to the platoon trains whichin turn joins the company trains element.

11. Combat Element

Four men are released to platoon headquartersfor the organization of a provisional weaponssquad. The remaining eight men are organizedinto a rifle squad (fig. 24).

1. SQUAD LDR RIFL SQOUAD LDR

2, RIFLEMAN RIFLE i, GRENADE LCHR COMBAT CONST SPECL

3. RIFLEMAN RIFLE & GRENADE LCHR PIONEER

4. MACHINE GUNNER RIFLE &. 30 CAL MG COMBAT CONST SPECL

S. ASST MACHINE GUNNER RIFLE PIONEER

6. RKT LCHR GUNNER RIFLE S RrT LCHR COMBAT CONST SFECL

7. ASIT RKT LCHR GUNNER RIFLE PIONEER

1. ASL T SQUAD IfR RIFLE a GRENADE LCHR ASGT SQUAD LOR

Figure 24. Typical reorganization of the armored divisionengineer squad.

AGO 5686C176

Section III. REORGANIZATION OF ARMOREDDIVISION ENGINEER PLATOON

12. Trains ElementTrains elements of the platoons (fig. 25) may

be grouped at company or battalion level if thebattalion is committed as a unit. If the companiesare attached to the combat commands, groupingtakes place at either battalion or combat commandtrains. The platoon trains element consists of onetruck driver (from platoon headquarters), onepioneer (one of the 12 men furnished by thesquads), platoon tools and equipment, and thefollowing vehicles:

4 Trailers, cargo, 11/2 ton (3 from the squads)1 Trailer, 2 wheel, pole-type, 21/2 ton2 Trucks, dump, 21/2 ton

13. Combat Elementa. Rifle Squads. See figure 24.b. Platoon Headquarters. Platoon headquar-

ters consists of the platoon leader, platoon ser-geant, radio operator-driver, messenger (one ofthe 12 men furnished by the squads), and 1/4 -tontruck.

c. Weapons Squad. The weapons squad con-sists of the .50 cal machine gun which is organicto platoon headquarters and the 3 personnel car-riers with .50 cal machine guns which are organicto the squads. Gunners and drivers (assistantgunners) are furnished by the squads. One assist-ant squad leader is appointed weapons squadleader and is in turn replaced by the toolroomkeeper. The weapons squad leader is assisted by

AGO 6368C 177

one of the 12 men furnished by the squads. The.30 cal machine guns and rocket launchers remainorganic to the squads.

PLAT NO mPSI SOD E RIFLE SOD

o wo EY EM 0 WO EMI O 3 o O II 8

* USUALLY DETAILED FROM COMPANY** INCLUDES COMPANY CLERK

Figure 25. Typical reorganization of the armored divisionengineer platoon.

d. Combat Engineer Vehicles. If the battalionis committed as a unit, the combat engineer ve-hicles from all the platoons are grouped into astriking force at battalion level and are to be em-ployed as directed by the battalion commander.One of the reconnaissance officers can be ap-pointed leader of this force. If the companies areattached to combat commands, the 3 combat engi-

AGO §868C178

neer vehicles are grouped into a provisional pla-toon under command of the company executiveofficer.

Section IV. REORGANIZATION OF ARMOREDDIVISION ENGINEER COMPANY

14. Trains Elementa. Personnel. The company trains element

(fig. 26) is commanded by the senior noncommis-sioned officer. It consists of 15 men from companyheadquarters and 6 men and equipment from theplatoon trains. The personnel from companyheadquarters are-

Administrative Section_ 1-Companyclerk.Mess Section …___...... 6-Entire section.Equipment and Mainte- 8-Entire section

nance Section. less 4 drivers.b. Equipment. Major items of company head-

quarters equipment in the trains element are-1 angle dozer, cable operated1 compressor, air1 tractor, full tracked1 semitrailer, 25 ton1 trailer, 1/4 ton1 trailer, 11/2 ton1 trailer, water1 truck, dump, 21/2 ton1 truck, wrecker, 5 ton1 truck, tractor, 5 ton

c. Operations. Depending upon the amount ofdispersion in operations, the company trains ele-ment may be separate, or it may be grouped withthe battalion or the combat command trains ele-

AGO 5868C 179

ment. The mission of the trains element is tosupport the company operations and to providesecurity for the trains.

ENGINEER PLATOONARMORED DIVISION

0 40 EMI 0 44

_ -

Com [NO viSTRIKING r TRAIF L

0 MD IN 0 WO E I O tM

I O $8 O 0 4* 0 2

I II

DVN -PIAD OFR USUALLY DETAILED FROM PLATOON4*INCLUDES SQUAD LEADER AND ASSISTANT SQUAD LEACUR

SO *CAL MS CREW | | PERS CARR PER$ CARR PIERS CARo MO ESM IS CAL MG) (SO CAL Mal (SO CAL MG)o 0~ 0 40 EM 0 MS EM 0 MO CM

I !IJMNER 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2I-M^IST USNNER IV-ASTUUN NER I- NRAT I DVRASSTGUNNER

Figure 26. Typical reorganization of the armored divisionengineer company.

15. Combat Elementa. General. The combat element of company

headquarters consists of 5 officers and 126 en-listed men organized into the command, supply,and communication section and 3 rifle platoons.

b. Command Section (5). The company com-mander, executive officer, 1st Sergeant, 1/4-tontruck with driver, and personnel carrier withdriver.

180~ ~egner AGompany.

180 AGO 5368C

c. Supply Section (3). The company supplysergeant, armorer, 21/2-ton truck with driver.

d. Communication Section (6). Communica-tion chief, 3 radio operators, radio mechanic, and212-ton truck with driver.

e. Medical Attachment. One aid man from thebattalion medical section accompanies each pla-toon. Litter bearers are drawn from the trainselement, as required.

f. Support Fire. Paragraphs 154 through 156.g. Rifle Platoons. The rifle platoons are com-

posed of a platoon headquarters, a weapons squad,and 3 rifle squads.

Section V. TYPICAL REORGANIZATION OFBATTALION HEADQUARTERS, AND

HEADQUARTERS AND HEADQUARTERSCOMPANY

16. Battalion Headquarters

a. Combat Element. The combat element ofbattalion headquarters is under the immediatecontrol of the battalion commander. It operatesthe battalion command post, providing the staffagencies necessary for the conduct of tacticaloperations.

b. Trains Element. Members of the battalionstaff sections not required for the forward echelonbecome part of the trains element. The trainselement is commanded by the senior officer presentand is composed of the elements shown in figure23.

AGO 5368C 181

17. Headquarters and Hieadquarters Companya. Combat Element. The combat element of

headquarters and headquarters company consistsof the enlisted men necessary to establish, oper-ate, and defend the battalion command post,including its communications and intelligencefacilities, and thus provides the battalion com-mander with the means to control the tacticaloperations of his battalion. The combat elementof headquarters and headquarters company iscommanded by the company commander. Heestablishes mess facilities for the command postpersonnel. He provides a limited number of per-sonnel and weapons for the emergency defense ofthe command post against enemy attack.

b. Trains Element. The trains element of thecompany is located with the battalion rear eche-lon. It is composed of all elements of the companynot operating in support of the forward echelon.Available personnel of the company may be de-tached and used by the division engineer on anengineer task elsewhere.

18. Company HeadquartersThe company headquarters will be organized

into a command group and trains element. Thecommand group will consist of the company com-mander and sufficient personnel and communica-tion equipment and vehicles to command and con-trol the company. The trains element will consistof all other personnel, equipment, and vehicles.

AGO 6S68C182

INDEX

Paragraph Page

ADE, duties ---------- 67 49Adjutant ----------- 70 50Administrative echelon:

Engineer company ----- 16 16Bridge company ------ 40 30Headquarters company -- - 54 40

Administrative movements ---- 97 80Administrative section, battalion

headquarters -------- - 69 49After-burst operations ----- - 134 117Air movement --------- 103 84Assistant division engineer ---- 67 49Assistant operations officer --- - 74, 75 57Attachment, armored engineer units 93,110 76, 96

Barriers ----------- - 127 110Battalion commanders, duties - - 65 46Battalion headquarters ---- - 63 44

Administrative section ---- 69 49Battalion maintenance section _ 84, 85,86 68,70Battalion supply section --- 76,80 59, 63Command section ------ 64 46Communication section -- - 81,82, 83 65, 66, 67

Battalions headquarters-ContinuedDivision engineer section -- - 66, 67, 68 48, 49Field maintenance section -- 84, 85, 86 68,70General --------- - 62, 63 44Intelligence section ---- - 72, 73 51,52Medical section ------ - 90, 91, 92 73, 75Operations section -- -- - 74,75 57

Battalion maintenance section - - 84 68Battalion supply sergeant --- - 76 59Before-burst operations ---- - 133 115

AGO 6368C 183

Bridge company:Administrative echelon ---Bridge platoon -------Command echelon ------Company headquarters ---Bridge section --------General -----------

Bridge erection boat -------Bridge, floating, aluminum highway

type, deck balk superstructure onpneumatic floats --------

Bridges, maximum number built withbridge set -----------

Capabilities, armored division engi-neer battalion ---------

Chaplain ------------Combat, infantry --------Command echelon:

Bridge company -------Engineer company ------Headquarters company ---

Communications:Chief ------------Officer -----------Section -----------

Communication section:A division engineer battalion --Bridge company --------

Engineer company ------Company commander:

Bridge company -------Engineer company ------

Company headquarters:Bridge company -------

Engineer company ------Headquarters company ----

Company training --------Concurrent training -------Construction equipment -----Convoy security ---------

184

Paragraph Page

40,4142,43,44

3735,3644,4532,33

34

34

34

771

154,155,156

37, 3813,1452,53

818283

107,108,10940,108,10915,108,109

3814

35,3611, 12

5016716649

141

3030,31

2928,2931, 33

2525

25

25

851

132,133,135

291239

656667

90,9130,9115, 91

2912

281238

143141

38121

AGO 5368C

Paragraph

Defensive action ------- - 119,120,121Deliberate river crossing ---- - 150Denial operations ------- - 142,143Destruction, denial operations - - 144Disposition of troops ----- - 111Division engineer section ----- 66Division engineer supply sergeant _ 78Dual-role problems, guide ..... 65Duties, general engineer ----- 93,110

Engineer company:Employment and operations -- 29, 30Equipment -------- - 10Mission ----------- - 8Organization -------- 9Platoon --------- - 21,22,23,24,Squad -------- 25,26,27,28,

Entraining points ------- - 97Envelopment --------- - 114Equipment:- Bridge section ------ - 34, 45, 46

Engineer company ------ -10Equipment and maintenance section:

Bridge company .-- -41Engineer company ---- -- 20

Equipment platoon, headquarters.. company-_ -------- - 58,59, 60,61Executive officer:

Armored. division engineer com-pany- --------- 14

Battalion -------- - 65Bridge company ----- - 38

Exploitation A.-...... 115First sergeant:

Armored division engineer com-pany ---------- 14

Bridge company .----- - 38Flank security -------- - 129

Guerrilla forces --------- 137Guides ------------- 106

AGO 5368C

Page

104, 105128

123, 12412598486246

76, 96

22121111

19, 2020, 21

80100

25, 33, 3412

3018

41, 42

124629

101

1229

112

11987

t185

I

Paragraph Page

Halts ... . ......... 105 87

Hasty-river crossing ------- 151 129Headquarters company:

Company headquarters --- 11 12Equipment platoon ----- 58,59 41Functions .......... 49 38Mission ---------- 47 39Organization ------- - 51 39

Infantry combat --------- 154,156 132,135Intelligence:

Officer -- - - - - - - - -- 73 52Sergeant .......... 73 52

Intelligence section, battalion head-quarters ----------- 72 51

Journal, intelligence ------- 73 52

Loading facilities ------- - 97 80

Map distributor --------- 73 52March:

Distance ---------- 106 87

Unit ------------ 106 87Medical:

Assistant --------- 91 73Officer ---------- 91,92 73,75Section ---------- - 90 73

Mess section:Bridge company ------- 41 30Engineer company ------ 18 16Headquarters company -56 41

Military personnel warrant officer._ 70 50Mission(s):

Armored division engineer bat-talion ---------- 3 4

Engineer company ----- 8 11Battalion headquarters --- 62 44Bridge company ----- -- 32 25Bridge platoon ------- 42 30Engineer ------- --- 7 8Headquarters company . .. 47 36Platoon, engineer company . .21 19Squad, engineer company - - 25 20

186 AGO 586sC

Paragraph Page

Mobile defense -------- - 121,124 105, 107Motor:

Maintenance sergeant ... 85 68March ----------- 103 84Maintenance officer ----- 85 68

Movements --------- - 97, 103, 105 80,84,87Night marches -.... ..106 87

Obstacles ---------- - 127 110Offensive action -- ----- - 110,112 96,98Operations, battalion:

Administrative movements . 97 80After-burst operations .134 117Attachment to combat command 95 78Before-burst operations -- - 133 115Defense against guerilla forces_. 137 119Defense action ------ - 119 104Denial operations ----- - 142 123General ----------- 93 76Infantry combat ----- - 154 132Offensive action ------ - 112 98Retrograde movements -- - 135 118River-crossing equipment - - 34 25River-crossing operations . 148 127Tactical movements ---- - 104 86

Operations, engineer units:Armored division engineer bat-

talion ---------- 93 76Bridge company ------ 44 31

Operations, engineer units-ContinuedEngineer company ----- 29 22Headquarters company -- - 61 42

Operations officer -------- 75 57Operations section, battalion head-

quarters ----------- 74 57Operations sergeant .------- 74 57

AGO 58680 187

Paragraph Page

Organization:Armored division ------Armored division engineer bat-

talion ----------Battalion headquarters ----Bridge company -------Bridge platoon -------Bridge section --------Engineer company ------Headquarters company ----Medical section -------Platoon, engiqeer company ..Squad, engineer company --

Penetration -----------Position defense -..........Prepositioned atomic weapons ---Pursuit ----.- ----------------

Radiological surveys -------Radiological defense monitor ---Rail movement-s -------Rate of march ----------Reconnaissance ---------References -----------Removal, denial operations ----Reorganization for infantry combat-Retrograde movements "- -River-crossing:

Equipment ---------Operations .1------- _..1

Road markers ----------Roads, work on ---------

Security: 'Against guerrilla forces -.....Battalion -'_........Flank -----------

Sergeant major .--------Squad, engineer company -----Standing operating procedure ---Supply offlee .r-........

4 5

5633343439

48902226

113121147

.115

132132103103

118,128app I

138L142app III

135, 136

'3444, 148, 150

10699

'""138140129

63,6925-28

app II, 9476

8442531311136731921

98105126

'. - 101

1141148484

102,112148

* ' 120172118

25125, 127, 128

8781

: i 120! 121

11244, 49

:20! 155, 78

59

AGO 5368C188

Paragraph P'agoSupply section:

Battalion headquarters -- - 76 59Bridge company -... ... 41 30Engineer company ---- - 19 17Headquarters company -- - 57 41

Supply sergeant --------- 77 60Support engineer! ------- - 93 76Support fire --------- - 156 135Supporting engineer units --- - 96 79

Tactical movements ------ - 104 86Traffic circulation ------- - 102 82Training:

Company -------- - 167 143Bridge ---------- - 168 144

Troop I & E Officer ------ - 70 50

Unit radiological defense personnel- 132 114

Water movements ------ - 103 84Water points --------- - 11, 80 12, 63Water supply foreman ----- - 7 8

(AG 353 (24 Mar 58)1

By Order of Wilbur M. Brucker, Secretary of the Army:

MAXWELL D. TAYLOR,General, United States Army,

Official: Chief of Staff.HERBERT M. JONES,

Major General, United States Army,The Adjutant General.

AGO 5368C 189

Distribution:Actie Armyv:

CNGBABATechnical Stf, DAEngr BdUSCONARCUSA ARTY BDUSA Armor BdUSA Inf BdUSA Air Def BdUSA Abn & Eloet BdUSA Avn BdUS ARADCOMOS Maj ComdLog ComdMDWArmiesCorpsDivEngr BrigEngr GpEngr BnFt & Camps2d Engr Amph Spt ComdUSMAUSAWCBr Svc SchUSA Ord GM SchAFSCPMST Sr Div UnitsPMST Jr Div UnitsPMST Mil Sch Div UnitsGen DepotsEngr See, Gen DepotsEngr DepotsUSAINTCWRAIRMil Subs Market CenDiv EngrEngr Dist

Mil DistUS Army Corps (Res)Sectors,USArmyCorps(Res)Units org under fol TOE:

5-165-178-365-375-48"-965-975-1375-1385-1395-1575-1675-1925-2165-2175-2185-2265-2275-2625-2665-2675-2785-2795-3015-3125-3165-3285-3525-3565-3575-4175-4645-500 (AA-AC)5-50117-1

NG: State AG; units--h requirements for Active Army.

USAR: Same as Active Army.

For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50.

*U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1958 0 -480490 (629C)

AGO 56851C190