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Coral Reefs

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Page 1: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Coral Reefs

Page 2: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

What is a Coral Reef?

• CaCO3 from living things

• Reef builders– Corals– Algae– Sponges– Bryozoans– Shells

Page 3: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Reef Corals (Hermatypic)

• Anthozoans (no medusa stage)• Scleractinian corals = “true” corals• Zooxanthellae

– Symbiotic dinoflagellates• Photosynthesize• Help deposit skeleton

• Most are colonies from founder polyp– Interconnected digestive and nervous

systems

Page 4: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 5: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 6: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 7: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 8: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Coral NutritionCoral Nutrition Zooxanthellae Predation on

zooplankton Polyp tentacles Mucus Mesentarial

filaments

Zooxanthellae Predation on

zooplankton Polyp tentacles Mucus Mesentarial

filaments

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 9: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Coral ReproductionCoral Reproduction

Asexual

Sexual Some internal Broadcast

spawning

Asexual

Sexual Some internal Broadcast

spawning

Page 10: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Corals in action!Corals in action!

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 11: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Coral RestrictionsCoral Restrictions

Light for zooxanthellae (usually best in shallow, clear water)

Warm water (but not too warm!!) - 68-86 F Substrate availability Salinity Sedimentation Pollution and eutrophication

Light for zooxanthellae (usually best in shallow, clear water)

Warm water (but not too warm!!) - 68-86 F Substrate availability Salinity Sedimentation Pollution and eutrophication

Page 12: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 13: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Coral Coral BleachingBleaching

Normal ReefNormal Reef

BleachedBleached

Page 14: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 15: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Fringing ReefsFringing Reefs

Near shore - more vulnerable to? Reef flat

Wide inner area Shallow - may be exposed

Reef slope Steep outer area Much richer biologically

Near shore - more vulnerable to? Reef flat

Wide inner area Shallow - may be exposed

Reef slope Steep outer area Much richer biologically

Page 16: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Fringing ReefsFringing Reefs

Page 17: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 18: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Barrier ReefsBarrier Reefs

Lagoon Separates reef from shore Usually soft-sediment with gentle water

Reef flat May form sand cays (keys)

Reef slopes Back slope and fore slope

Lagoon Separates reef from shore Usually soft-sediment with gentle water

Reef flat May form sand cays (keys)

Reef slopes Back slope and fore slope

Page 19: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Barrier ReefsBarrier Reefs

Page 20: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 21: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

AtollsAtolls

Ring of reef surrounding central lagoon Indo-West Pacific

Ring of reef surrounding central lagoon Indo-West Pacific

Page 22: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 23: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 24: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 25: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 26: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Reef Ecology

Reef Ecology

Page 27: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Nutrient CyclingNutrient Cycling

Symbiotic algae Zooxanthellae Also in sponges, giant clams, others

Animal waste Nitrogen fixation (cyanobacteria,

symbionts) Currents

Symbiotic algae Zooxanthellae Also in sponges, giant clams, others

Animal waste Nitrogen fixation (cyanobacteria,

symbionts) Currents

Page 28: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Eating Coral??Eating Coral??

Page 29: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Eating Coral??Eating Coral??

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 30: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Eating Coral??Eating Coral??

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 31: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Eating Coral??Eating Coral??

Page 32: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells
Page 33: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

CompetitionCompetition

Sessile animals compete for space and light

Methods: Rapid growth Overgrowth Attack (poisons, stinging, digestions)

Sessile animals compete for space and light

Methods: Rapid growth Overgrowth Attack (poisons, stinging, digestions)

Page 34: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

CompetitionCompetition

Page 35: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

What about fish?What about fish?

Pre-settlement hypothesis Species present are result of larvae

settlement Competition unimportant

Post-settlement hypothesis Diversity determined by available niches and

competition

Pre-settlement hypothesis Species present are result of larvae

settlement Competition unimportant

Post-settlement hypothesis Diversity determined by available niches and

competition

Page 36: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

SymbiosisSymbiosis

What is symbiosis? Do they have to live together?

Obligatory vs. facultative symbiosis Types of symbiosis

Mutualism (+,+) Commensalism (+, 0) Parasitism (+, -)

What is symbiosis? Do they have to live together?

Obligatory vs. facultative symbiosis Types of symbiosis

Mutualism (+,+) Commensalism (+, 0) Parasitism (+, -)

Page 37: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Mutualism: AnemonefishesMutualism: Anemonefishes

Why aren’t they stung?

Fish gain protection and place to brood eggs

Fish drives away potential predators of anemone, may provide nutrients

Why aren’t they stung?

Fish gain protection and place to brood eggs

Fish drives away potential predators of anemone, may provide nutrients

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 38: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Mutualism: CleaningMutualism: Cleaning

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 39: Coral Reefs. What is a Coral Reef? CaCO 3 from living things Reef builders –Corals –Algae –Sponges –Bryozoans –Shells

Mutualism: CleaningMutualism: Cleaning

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.


The coral reef

Coral Reef Biome

Coral Reef By: Maya g. Description Dictionary definition Coral reef: a reef consisting of coral consolidated into limestone Coral: a marine colonial

coral reef bleaching

Coral reef presentation

Coral Reef Zonation

NOAA Coral Reef Watch Calcification Index of Coral Reef ... · NOAA Coral Reef Watch Calcification Index of Coral Reef Ecosystems ... Complied from more than 400 bleaching ... –

Interior's Coral Reef Task Force Co-Chair Participates on Coral Reef

Coral reef

Coral Reef Monitoring

36623 Measuring Coral Reef Ecosystem Health Coral Reef Ecosyste… · coral reef ecosystem health and the drivers responsible for change. A comprehensive assessment of coral reef

Coral reef-bleaching

Status of faunistic information of tropical reef bryozoans

Mapping Coral Reef Benthos, Substrates, and Bathymetry ... mapping coral reef... · Mapping Coral Reef Benthos, Substrates, and Bathymetry, Using ... This study used a reef-up approach

Coral Reef Protection - EPA Archives · Coral Reef Protection Agenda . CORAL REEF SYMPOSIUM - January 26 27, 1995 . A CORAL REEF SYMPOSIUM ON PRACTICAL, RELIABLE, LOW COST MONITORING

National Coral Reef Action Strategy - NOAA Coral Reef Information

Philippine Coral Reef Educator Guide - calacademy.org · Welcome to the Philippine Coral Reef Exhibit, ... coral species and 2,000 fish species. ... 10 Philippine Coral Reef Educator

Coral Reef Interactions

Global Fund for Coral Reefs - International Coral Reef ... Coral … · tional Coral Reef Initiative, and Coral Reef Life Declaration. An analysis between 2010 and 2016 found only

The coral reef!

CORAL REEF MONTESSORI ACADEMY CHARTER SCHOOL rpts/2016 coral reef... · CORAL REEF MONTESSORI ACADEMY CHARTER SCHOOL (A Charter School Under Coral Reef Montessori Academy Charter

Coral reef ecology

Coral Reef Ecosystems

Claire Culliford - Fiction & Educational Children's Author · Web viewPRETTY CORAL REEF, PRETTY CORAL REEF PROTECTING IT IS OUR WISH PRETTY CORAL REEF, PRETTY CORAL REEF LET’S NOT

NOAA Coral Reef Watch Calcification Index of Coral Reef Ecosystems

Coral Reef Project