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Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study Tito Rendas

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Page 1: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study

Tito Rendas

Page 2: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

1. Background 2. Research questions 3. Empirical study 4. Conclusions

Page 3: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

1. Background

Page 4: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

technology-enabled uses

Page 5: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

scope of rights + exceptions

Page 6: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

EU framework of rights and exceptions

i)   Economic rights with broad scope ii)   Broad interpretation of rights iii)   Rule-like exceptions iv)   Strict interpretation of exceptions v)  Closed catalogue of exceptions vi)  Restrictive three-step test

Page 7: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

critique

Page 8: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

lack of flexibility

Page 9: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

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Page 10: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

technological innovation

Page 11: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

yet courts decide flexibly

Page 12: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

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Page 13: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Vorschaubilder I

Page 14: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

thumbnails

Page 15: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

“simple consent”

Page 16: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

h"p://think0.deviantart.com/art/Spain-Grunge-Flag-112653575

Page 17: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Megakini v. Google Spain

Page 18: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

caching

Page 19: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

good faith +

abuse of rights +

ius usus inocui

Page 20: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

no “absurd” conclusions

Page 21: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Page 22: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Page 23: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

strict interpretation

Page 24: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

h"p://media.nu.nl

Page 25: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

“liberal”

Page 26: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

h"p://www.wikihow.com/Escape-from-a-Straitjacket

Page 27: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

2. Research questions

Page 28: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Research question #1: What is the relative prevalence of infringing and non-infringing outcomes?

Page 29: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Research question #2: Is the CJEU abiding by the constraints or is it deciding flexibly?

Page 30: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

3. Empirical study

Page 31: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

research sample

Page 32: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Criterion #1: Decisions on the lawfulness of technology-enabled uses

Page 33: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

Criterion #2: Decisions that turn on at least one of the six constraints

Page 34: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

21 cases

27 tech-enabled uses

Page 35: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

InfoSoc (17)

Software (3)

Rental & Lending (1)

Page 36: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

reproduction (11)

communication (10)

public lending (1)

Page 37: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

methodology

Page 38: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

content analysis

Page 39: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

coding

Page 40: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

findings

Page 41: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

infringing vs. non-infringing

Page 42: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

infringing vs. non-infringing (11) (16)

Page 43: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

41%

59% 56%

44%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Infringing Non-infringing

CJEU AG

Page 44: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

flexible vs. inflexible

Page 45: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

flexible vs. inflexible (71%) (29%)

Page 46: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Narrow interpretation of right

Broad interpretation of exception(s)

No/summary assessment of three-

step test

Creation of exception / users' right

Page 47: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

4. Conclusions

Page 48: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

legal certainty

Page 49: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

fair use

Page 50: Copyright, Technology and the CJEU An Empirical Study · EU framework of rights and exceptions i) Economic rights with broad scope ii) Broad interpretation of rights iii) Rule-like

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