copyright ken petri, mark felix, alan foley, 2007. this work is the intellectual property of the...
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![Page 1: Copyright Ken Petri, Mark Felix, Alan Foley, 2007. This work is the intellectual property of the authors. Permission is granted for this material to be](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d985503460f94a830ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright Ken Petri, Mark Felix, Alan Foley, 2007. This work is the intellectual property of the authors. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the authors. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the authors.
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Alan Foley, UW System
Ken Petri, Ohio State
Mark Felix, University of Arizona
Improved Access to Learning for All: A
Consortia's Approach to LMS Accessibility
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How Accessible are Learning Management
Systems and Why Should We Care?
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How accessible is our LMS, D2L…
D2L claims 508 compliance and WCAG Level 1 accessibility,
D2L is working on making their product more accessible and usable; however,
Any LMS is only as accessible as the content that goes in it.
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Why Accessibility?
Content design improves for all users Interface usability improves for all users Underlying page code is more portable,
semantically rich (ie minable), and lighter It’s a policy and [probably] the law As Steve Krug says, “It’s the right thing to do”
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Four Main Categories of Disability Accommodation
Visual (blindness, low-vision, color-blindness) Motor (traumatic injuries, congenital disorders and
diseases) Auditory (full or partial hearing loss) Cognitive (attention deficits, reading, linguistic or
verbal comprehension deficits, memory deficits, problem-solving deficits, math or graphic comprehension deficits)
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Example - Visual Impairment
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Example - Motor Impairment
Dean of a department has developed Multiple Sclerosis and is unable to use the mouse
She navigates the web with the keyboard
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Example - Auditory Impairment
A student researching famous speeches in American history
Student locates site with only audio clips of many speeches
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Example - Cognitive Disability
Professor who struggles with reading comprehension comprehends much better through listening
Professor listens to websites through a screen reader like Kurzweil
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Accessibility is a Process
Accessibility can’t be learned in a day… Training should extend over a long period… Leaving accessibility to the end is NEVER a
workable strategy. Accessibility is a design parameter, not a feature request.
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“Problems” with the LMS
Fixed-size and dense, often frames-based layouts Complex and uneven, sometimes “non-valid” coding
that complicates screen reader and keyboard accessibility
The all-in-one concept: a fully integrated environment linking together various resources
Content production by faculty and staff who don’t always understand general rules of accessibility and usability
Feature “creep” and heavy use of solely mouse-driven interactivity
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Example - Inflexible layouts
Use of fixed font sizes (normal view)
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Example - Inflexible layouts (continued)
Double-sized text in Firefox
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Example - An LMS in a screen reader
JAWS reading “course content” page
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Example - Navigating with a screen reader
with a list of links
using “skip navigation”
via “headings”
via “frames”
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Example - Integrating “plugins” in a browser-based LMS
PowerPoint in the browser (typically not read, inaccessible)
PowerPoint exported to HTML via the Accessible Web Publishing Wizard
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Example - Other forms of access (Literacy and Reading Software)
Students with attention disorders and reading or comprehension disabilities are by far the largest group of learners with disabilities.
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Developers, users, and disability: common ground? Developers want control of interface and read that as:
Fixed sizes and heavily modular designs and structures that aid component-based development practices
Most non-disabled learners want control of interface and read that as: Interactivity that often entails things such as drag-and-drop,
heavily interactive “widgets,” asynchronous updates of page data, and deeply nested, dynamic menu systems, tree-views, and the like
Learners with disabilities want control of interface and read that as: Flexible designs, clear, structured, semantic, and valid markup,
and well-organized and “chunked” content
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Illinois Center for Instructional Technology Accessibility (iCITA)
The interest groups work together with software vendors and their development and QA teams to illustrate accessibility problems. Issues identified by our groups educate vendors to understand the problems and provide alternative solutions. Everyone, including the users with disabilities, can benefit from the changes.
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http://www.cita.uiuc.edu/collaborate/
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Existing Groups WebCT (most successful to date) D2L Blackboard Moodle Sakai Library – Ebsco Library – CARLI Uportal WebMail Wiki Administrative Resources
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D2L Is Our Interest Group
How are we collaborating Discuss known problems and possible solutions Test new software versions to find new issues Design, conduct and analyze usability testing Test new assistive technologies and software Conferences Publications Share experiences and sources of information
Everyone is affected by Accessibility Issues and everyone has a part to play in solving them
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Needs work Each organization that
enters into a partnership or works collaborative with others will fill a need and if there are enough organizations involved then the problem can be solved.
The higher the multiplexitiy of ties between participating organizations the stronger the network
•Milward, Brinton, Provan, Keith. A Manager’s Guide to Choosing and Using Collaborative Networks. Washington D.C.: IBM Center for The Business of Government, 2006.
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When and Why You Should Collaborate
Make sure the purpose of the collaboration is clear. Participating in a network should yield a result that
was otherwise unattainable. Initially keep your involvement shallow until an
opportunity arises and goals line up. Keep in mind the benefits may not be obvious
(relationships, experiences) Collaborative goals should be the same goals of both the
organization and the employee.
Huxham, Chris, Vangen, Siv. “Doing Things Collaboratively: Realizing the Advantage or Succumbing to Inertia?” Organizational
Dynamics Vol.33 No 2 2004 190-201
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Five Attributes of an Effective Network
1. Nodes (participants) link together because of common attributes, goals, or governance
2. Diversity of nodes and clusters
3. Several paths between any two nodes
4. the average path length is short
5. some nodes are more prominent than others
Krebs, Valdis, Holley, June. Building Sustainable Communities Through Social Network Development.” The Nonprofit Quarterly Spring 2004. 46-53.
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Questions…
Alan Foley, UW System
Ken Petri, Ohio State
Mark Felix, University of Arizona