copyright © arema 2012 4: 1 of 30 module 4: railway equipment
TRANSCRIPT
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2012 4: 1 of 30Module 4: Railway EquipmentModule 4: Railway Equipment
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Objectives
• Recognize various types of rolling stock
• Learn about major vehicle systems
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Rolling Stock
• Locomotives• Rail Cars
– Passenger Coaches– Freight Cars
• Self-Propelled Rail Cars– Mainline– Rapid Transit/Light Rail
• Rail Maintenance Equipment (Module 10)
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Rolling Stock: LocomotivesIntroduction
• Used to haul freight, passenger cars, or other rail equipment
• Heavy equipment used to haul large loads
• A number of standard designs exist to handle wide variety of tasks (freight, high speed, yard switching)
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Rolling Stock: LocomotivesBasic Types
• Diesel Electric– DC – AC– Hybrids
• Electric– Single System– Multi-System
• Other– Diesel Mechanical– Diesel Hydraulic– Electro-Diesel
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Rolling Stock: Rail CarsPassenger Coaches – Introduction
• Pulled/pushed by locomotives
• Vary in capacity according to application
• Low system complexity
• A number of standard designs available for different applications
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Rolling Stock: Rail CarsPassenger Coaches – Basic Types
• Types– Single Level– Double Deck– Gallery– Custom
• Service Application– Commuter Rail– Intercity– High Speed
• Cab Car
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Rolling Stock: Rail CarsFreight Cars – Introduction
• Pulled by locomotives• Vary in capacity
according to application
• Typically only equipped with friction brake equipment
• A number of standard designs available for different applications
BOX CAR
AUTO RACK CAR
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Rolling Stock: Rail CarsFreight Cars –Basic Types
• Box Car• Tank Car• Hopper• Flatbed• Gondola• Intermodal• Specialized
(livestock, car carrier, refrigerated, etc.) DOUBLE STACK CONTAINER CAR
HOPPER CAR
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Rolling Stock: Self-Propelled Rail CarsMainline – Introduction
• Each rail car is fitted with its own propulsion system (Diesel or Electric)
• Good performance characteristics (acceleration/deceleration/economy)
• Moderate to high systems complexity
• Variety of types exist (low speed/short haul to high speed/long haul, single/double deck)
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Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsMainline – Basic Types
• Passenger EMU– Catenary– Third Rail– Single/Multi System
• Passenger DMU– Diesel Mechanical– Diesel Hydraulic– Diesel Electric
• Hybrid Designs
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Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsRapid Transit/Light Rail – Introduction
• Used in urban transit applications (subway, streetcar, metro) on dedicated right of way
• Lightweight design that is not FRA compliant
• Moderate to high systems complexity
• Mostly custom built to fit specific performance/ infrastructure requirements
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Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsRapid Transit/Light Rail – Basic Types
• Rapid Transit/Heavy Rail– Catenary– Third Rail
• Light Rail/Street Car• Hybrid Designs
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Vehicle Systems
• Carshell/Underframe• Trucks• Friction Brakes• Couplers/Drawbars• Propulsion• Sanding System• Other (Passenger Rail)
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Vehicle Systems: Carshell / UnderframeIntroduction
• Structural backbone of railcars/ locomotives
• Different design approaches used, based on application
• Design driven by load capacity and safety requirements
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Vehicle Systems: Carshell/UnderframeUnderframe Construction
Freight and Passenger Rail Coach
Light Rail/Rapid Transit
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Vehicle Systems: Carshell/UnderframeCarshell Construction
Welded Steel Beam
Unibody / Extruded Aluminum
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Vehicle Systems: Trucks (Bogies)Introduction
• Interface between rail and vehicle
• Different designs types exist, based on application
• Design driven by load capacity and speed requirements
• Two main categories are standard trucks and powered trucks
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Vehicle Systems: Trucks& Truck Components
Freight / Passenger Coach Rail Car Truck
Locomotive / Powered Rail Car Truck
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Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheels
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Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheel/Rail Interface
• Wheel/rail interface is an important parameter for ensuring good vehicle performance
• Improper matching of wheel and track profiles can cause maintenance and safety issues
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Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheel/Rail Interface
• For freight rail in North America, wheel profiles are defined by the AAR.
• For transit and light rail, vehicle wheels profile and other parameters must be selected to match the track
• Proper definition of wear limits and track parameter tolerances are critical
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Vehicle Systems: Friction BrakesIntroduction
• All types of rail cars are equipped with friction brakes
• Main categories are tread and disc brakes
• Typically applied by air. Hydraulic, spring, and electric applied brakes are also used.
• Control methods include Air, E-P, and ECP
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Vehicle Systems: Friction BrakesBrake Control
Air Brake Control
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Vehicle Systems: Coupler / DrawbarIntroduction
• Used to join cars together to form a train
• Designs very greatly based on load and performance requirements
• Detachable or semi-permanent types are used, depending on requirements
STANDARD COUPLER USED BY FREIGHT RR IN NORTH AMERICA
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Vehicle Systems: PropulsionIntroduction
• Used in locomotives and self-propelled rail cars
• System consists of motors and controls
• Propulsion used to accelerate and decelerate rail cars
• Main types include diesel, diesel-electric, and electric
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Vehicle Systems: PropulsionDiesel/Electric
• In a locomotive, or any other type of diesel electric system, the diesel engine turns a generator, which creates electricity
• The electricity is delivered to electric motors that power each axle
• Variants include AC, DC, and Hybrid
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Vehicle Systems: Sanding SystemIntroduction
• Used in locomotives and self-propelled rail cars
• System consists of sand boxes and nozzles at the lead end wheels
• The system pours sand at the wheel/rail interface when required to increase traction for acceleration and braking
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Vehicle Systems: OtherIntroduction
• Passenger rail cars are equipped with a number of systems geared towards passenger comfort and safety
• Systems include:– Doors– HVAC– Communications– Auxiliary Power– Train Control
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Questions?
Authors:
Marcin Taraszkiewicz, P.E.CH2M Hill, Inc. (312) [email protected]
Dallas R. Richards, P.E.Arcadis, inc. (703) [email protected]