copyright © 2012 delmar, cengage learning. all rights reserved. chapter 3 the beef industry
TRANSCRIPT
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Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter 3
The Beef Industry
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Beef in the American Diet
• Each year, average American consumes 67.5 pounds of beef and veal
• Beef consumption increasing in recent years
(continued)
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Beef in the American Diet
• Buy more beef than fresh poultry, pork, and seafood combined– Beef accounts for approximately 6 percent of all
supermarket sales
• U.S. exports approximately one million metric tons of beef each year
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Fundamentals of Beef
• Lean beef– Very nutrient dense
• Meat is among the most nutritionally complete human foods– 88 percent of vitamin B12
– 67 percent of riboflavin
– 65 percent of protein and phosphorus
– 57 percent of vitamin B6
(continued)
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Fundamentals of Beef
• Meat is among the most nutritionally complete human foods– 48 percent of fat
– 43 percent of niacin
– 42 percent of vitamin A
– 37 percent of iron
– 36 percent of thiamine
– 35 percent of magnesium
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Types of Beef
• Veal
• Baby
• Grain-fed
• Grass-fed
• Natural
• Certified organic
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Beef Industry in the U.S.
• Beef has played prominent role in U.S. economy– 97 million head on roughly 800,000 farms and ranches
– Accounts for nearly 25 percent of world’s beef supply
– Contributes more than $66 billion annually
(continued)
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Beef Industry in the U.S.
• America well suited for beef production
• Americans spend less of annual incomes on food than other nationalities
• Critics say beef-eating is wasteful
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Beef Cattle Breeds
• U.S. grows more than 40 breeds depending on:– Market
– Environmental conditions
– Personal likes and dislikes
• Each breed fulfills unique needs– Sire breeds
– Dam breeds
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U.S. Breed Classifications
• British– Angus
– Hereford
– Shorthorn
(continued)
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U.S. Breed Classifications
• Continental European (exotics)– Limousin
– Simmental
– Charolais
– Chianina
• Zebu– Brahman
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Segments of the Beef Industry
• Purebred
• Cow-calf
• Stocker
• Feedlot
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Purebred Operations
• Industry’s first phase
• Purpose:– Produce seed stock cattle
• Breed shows serve two purposes:– Education
– Change
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Cow-Calf Operations
• Industry’s second phase
• Cows grown and sent to market
• Most calves crossbred
• U.S. operations centered in southern and western states
• Calves usually sold upon weaning
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Stocker Operations
• Industry’s third phase
• Provide step between weaning and finishing– Buy from cow-calf producers and sell to feedlot operators
– Give calves transition period
• Fading trend
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Feedlot Operations
• Industry’s fourth and final stage before slaughter
• Cattle put on proper amount of fat cover
• Many U.S. feedlots are in Midwest– Produce most grain
– More economical than shipping
(continued)
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Feedlot Operations
• With proper degree of finish, animals move to slaughterhouse
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Summary
• Beef industry represents large part of U.S. diet and economy
• Beef provides hard-to-get nutrients
• America ideal for beef production
• Industry provides millions of jobs
• As a dynamic, growing sector, industry should remain strong for many years