copyright © 2012 brooks/cole, a division of cengage learning, inc. the client chapter five
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright ©
2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
The ClientThe Client
Chapter FiveChapter Five
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
The Whole PersonThe Whole Person
Perceptions of client problemsPerceptions of client problems
Defining a problemDefining a problem
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Defining “problem”: Two Defining “problem”: Two componentscomponents
A description of the problem: situation, A description of the problem: situation, event, or condition that is troublesomeevent, or condition that is troublesome
A course of action leading to resolutionA course of action leading to resolution
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2012 Brooks/C
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Categories of ProblemsCategories of Problems
Developmental vs. situationalDevelopmental vs. situational
Hierarchical needsHierarchical needs
Needs created by social changeNeeds created by social change
Environmental influencesEnvironmental influences
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
Infancy: Trust verses MistrustInfancy: Trust verses Mistrust– Birth to 18 monthsBirth to 18 months– Dependent on adequate and consistent Dependent on adequate and consistent
parental careparental care– Positive experience Positive experience provides trust and hopeprovides trust and hope– Negative experience Negative experience creates mistrust and creates mistrust and
hampers the development in later stageshampers the development in later stages
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
Early Childhood: Autonomy verses shame Early Childhood: Autonomy verses shame or doubtor doubt– 2 to 3 year olds begin to develop a sense of 2 to 3 year olds begin to develop a sense of
autonomy (self-sufficiency)autonomy (self-sufficiency)– Positive experience provides self-confidence Positive experience provides self-confidence
and willand will– Negative experience may cause shame and Negative experience may cause shame and
doubtdoubt
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ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
Play Age: Initiative verses guiltPlay Age: Initiative verses guilt– 4 to 5 year olds4 to 5 year olds– Preschool children begin to understand their Preschool children begin to understand their
role and the desire to learn is significantrole and the desire to learn is significant– Positive experience Positive experience develops a sense of develops a sense of
purposepurpose– Negative experience Negative experience may cause a sense of may cause a sense of
guiltguilt
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
School Age: Industry verses InferioritySchool Age: Industry verses Inferiority– 6 to 13 year olds6 to 13 year olds– Children begin to compare themselves to Children begin to compare themselves to
peers to assess their accomplishmentspeers to assess their accomplishments– Positive experience Positive experience provides a sense of provides a sense of
competencecompetence– Negative experience Negative experience may cause a sense of may cause a sense of
inadequacyinadequacy
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
Adolescence: Identity verses identity Adolescence: Identity verses identity confusionconfusion– Teen yearsTeen years– Self definition, relationships, and peer groups Self definition, relationships, and peer groups
become importantbecome important– Positive experience Positive experience provides a sense of self provides a sense of self
confidence and fidelityconfidence and fidelity– Negative experience Negative experience may create role may create role
confusionconfusion
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
Young Adulthood: Intimacy verses Young Adulthood: Intimacy verses IsolationIsolation– Intimate relationships form here and the focus Intimate relationships form here and the focus
on significant others becomes importanton significant others becomes important– Positive experience Positive experience a sense of the ability to a sense of the ability to
love an be lovedlove an be loved– Negative experience Negative experience may cause a sense of may cause a sense of
isolation and difficulty forming intimate isolation and difficulty forming intimate relationshipsrelationships
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
Maturity: Generativity verses stagnationMaturity: Generativity verses stagnation– The need to be needed is experienced hereThe need to be needed is experienced here– Positive experience Positive experience provides the ability to provides the ability to
care for others, a sense of purposecare for others, a sense of purpose– Negative experience Negative experience may cause a sense of may cause a sense of
boredom and/or stagnationboredom and/or stagnation
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Erik Erikson Psychosocial StagesStages
Old Age: Integrity versus DespairOld Age: Integrity versus Despair– People examine their lives with a sense of People examine their lives with a sense of
satisfaction or disappointmentsatisfaction or disappointment– Positive experience Positive experience provides integrity and provides integrity and
wisdomwisdom– Negative experience Negative experience may create a sense of may create a sense of
despair from unrealized goals, etc.despair from unrealized goals, etc.
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Copyright ©
2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
These needs include those things necessary to basic survival. They include such things as food and water, rest and an appropriate climate, the avoidance of pain, etc.
Physiological Needs
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
These needs include such things as finding safe circumstances, shelter, satiability, and protection. They may also include a need for structure and order.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
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Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
These include the need for friends, affectionate relationships, children, and a sense of community.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
Self-Esteem Needs
There are two levels of this need: The lower level involves the need for attention, the respect of others, status, recognition, etc. The upper level includes self-respect, confidence, a sense of independence and freedom.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
Self-Esteem Needs
These first four levels represent Deficiency-needs or D-needs.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
Self-Esteem Needs
Intellectual
This is the internally directed need for intellectual development. It is not focused on a deficiency but rather a sense of enhancing the nature of one’s being.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
Self-Esteem Needs
Intellectual
Aesthetic
This is the internally directed desire to acquired an appreciation for the beauty or aesthetic nature of things. Again, it is not a deficiency but rather an enhancement of one’s being.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
Self-Esteem Needs
Intellectual
Aesthetic
Self-actualization
The level is seldom reached but it is the result of the inner-directed drive of humans to grow, improve, and use their potential to the fullest.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
Self-Esteem Needs
IntellectualIntellectual
AestheticAesthetic
Self-Self-actualizationactualization
The final three levels of need are referred to as Being-needs or B-needs.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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2012 Brooks/C
ole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc.
Societal ChangesSocietal Changes
Create problems due to Create problems due to
Rapid social changesRapid social changes Breakdown of traditional forms of Breakdown of traditional forms of
societysociety
Conflicts between old and new Conflicts between old and new values.values.
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2012 Brooks/C
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Defining “client”Defining “client”
IndividualIndividual
Small groupSmall group
Geographic areaGeographic area
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Getting HelpGetting Help
Self-referralSelf-referral
Referral by othersReferral by others
Involuntary placementInvoluntary placement
Inadvertent servicesInadvertent services
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BarriersBarriers
Problem difficultyProblem difficulty
EmbarrassmentEmbarrassment
Hesitant to self-discloseHesitant to self-disclose
CultureCulture
MoneyMoney
FearFear
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Client’s PerspectiveClient’s Perspective
Expectations influence evaluationExpectations influence evaluation
Satisfaction tied to concrete Satisfaction tied to concrete outcomesoutcomes