copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. publishing as longman chapter 9: making state and local...

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Chapter 9: Making State and Local Policy

• Public Education• Higher Education• Social Services• Law Enforcement• Planning the Urban

Community• Regulation

Public EducationLO 9.1 Outline local, state, and federal government roles in elementary and secondary education.

Public Education

•K-12 administered at State/local level rather than nat level like most nations

• 14,000 school districts

•Federal involvement• Reaction to Sputnik (1957)• Fed $: 2% in 1940 about 10% today• Dept of Education (1979)—admin grants

LO 9.1

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• Ideal is non-political, but highly political• School board elections nonpartisan, but

often hotly contested• Professional educators often clash with

parents about what should be taught

• Public School Integration—1970s-80s

• Standards and Testing-No Child Left Behind: from 14 states to nearly all

• Vouchers—competition or drain of $?

• Charter Schools—public $ alternative

Public Education ControversiesLO 9.1

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LO 9.1


Higher Education: 15m in pub schlsLO 9.2 Assess the concerns about state funding of higher education.

• Administration varies widely• governed by boards chosen in many ways

(governor, legislature, combo, or elected)• Some coordination or in systems

• Funding• States spend 8 to 15 % of their budgets on

higher education—inter-school competition• Inflates as 2-3 x inflation rate• Student debt over $20k to graduate

LO 9.2


Social ServicesLO 9.3 Describe the role of the state in public assistance programs, and assess the challenges facing state social service programs.

• Public Assistance• Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

(TANF) replaced AFDC in 1996• More job oriented and more state flexibility• 63% drop in cases from 1996-2007

• Unemployment benefits—fed/state employer taxes in trust fund—ave: 36% inc.

LO 9.3


Social Services-contd

• Public Health• Fed Level: CDC and US Pub Health Service• State Level: County Health Departments

• Medicaid (1965)• Poor; lo inc children; pregnant women;

disabled—over 55 million, 13% of population• Matching rates vary• 2006 Deficit Reduction Act—gave states

options to reduce costs

Social Services-contd

• State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)—1997– Matching $ for states to increase health care

for children (<19) up to 2x poverty rate

• State experiments– Mass Plan—”RomneyCare” – Hawaii Plan—employers cover all (>20

employees)

Law EnforcementLO 9.4 Trace the growth of states’ responsibilities for law enforcement.• Police powers—protect health, safety, welfare

of citizens (“reserved power”)• State police (first in 1905—in Pa)• Local police(18k agencies--700k officers)• “First responders”—fed funded since 9-11• Federal law enforcement--many agencies

• Federal Bureau of Investigation• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and

Explosives• Drug Enforcement Administration

LO 9.4


Planning the Urban CommunityLO 9.5 Outline states’ tools and priorities for urban planning.• Zoning Laws—the major tool of local

govt

• Controlling Growth—”smartgrowth”

• Transportation—from work days for able bodied males to bike and car club roads to USDOT and annual transportation act

• Economic Development—state trade missions; economic incentives vs build it and they will come

LO 9.5


RegulationLO 9.6 Assess the role of states and communities in regulating and in enforcing compliance with federal and state regulations.•Why? Assume benefits outweigh costs•Environmental (air/water/toxic substance)•Model: feds set stds & states implement•Growing state role – up to 80% costs•Energy use and sustainability—new area•Working Conditions

• Health/safety legislation—Massey Energy (WVa)• Workers’ compensation• Child labor—many states allow work at 14• Consumer protection—products and fraud

LO 9.6


___ is the controversial educational program that nationalized testing.

A. Integration

B. No Child Left Behind

C. Vouchers

D. Charter schools

LO 9.1



States spend ___ of their budget on higher education.

A. 2 – 5%

B. 8 – 15%

C. 20 – 24%

D. 30 – 35%

LO 9.2



In what time period did the United States government get involved in social services?

A. 1860s

B. 1890s

C. 1930s

D. 1960s

LO 9.3



Which level of law enforcement handles highway patrol?

A. State police

B. Local police

C. County sheriff

D. Federal Bureau of Investigation

LO 9.4



Zoning laws allow cities to ____.

A. Create specific areas and limit property usage in those areas

B. Control the growth of buildings

C. Enhance commuting to work

D. Compete to attract businesses in order to create jobs

LO 9.5

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One policy area that states and localities are most concerned with is ____.

A. Waste management

B. Worker’s compensation

C. Child labor

D. Consumer protection

LO 9.6


copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. publishing as longman chapter 9: making state and local...

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