copy and complete female reproductive organs summary –
DESCRIPTION
Frame of Reference Hormone Hormones What you know Examples ... progesterone and oestrogen Where from Examples ... Last lesson / standard grade / the news etc.TRANSCRIPT
Copy and complete Female Reproductive Organs Summary
The _________ of the human femaleproduces eggs and the ovarian
hormone______ and ___________. The egg is protected by the _______
___________. Once ovulation occurs the ________________ turns into
the ______________. Frame of Reference Hormone Hormones What you
know
Examples ... progesterone and oestrogen Where from Examples ...
Last lesson / standard grade / the news etc. Hormonal Control
Hormones are chemical messengers.
Produced in theendocrine glands(ductless) andsecreted in theblood.
Generally but slowerlong lasting effect. Have specific effecton
target tissue. Hormones control; - the onset ofpuberty, - sperm
production - the menstrualcycle. Learning Outcomes The influence of
pituitary hormones(FSH and LH) on the testes andovaries The
influence of testosterone on thetestes The influence of the
ovarianhormones (oestrogen +progesterone)on the uterus and the
pituitary Changes during the menstrual cycleand how they are
controlled byhormones Puberty Onset At puberty, the
hypothalamussecretes a releaser hormone whosetarget is the
pituitary gland. Pituitary gland thenproduces two hormones.
Hypothalamus small structure located at thebase of the brain, where
the nervous andhormonal systems interact. Pituitary gland gland
hanging from theunderside of the brain. It secretes hormonesthat
control many other glands in the body, andis regulated by the
hypothalamus. Puberty Onset At puberty, the hypothalamus secretes
areleaser hormone whose target is the pituitarygland, stimulates 2
gonadotropic (target isgonads, reproductive organs) hormones FSH
inboth, then in women LH and men ICSH. Hypothalamus
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinising hormone (LH)
Pituitary gland Follicle develops in females orstimulates sperm
production in seminiferous tubules Stimulates ovulation in
femalesand brings the development of corpus leutem Interstitial
cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) Testosterone stimulatesdevelopment
of malesexual characteristics What are accessory glands? What do
they produce?
Hormonal control of sperm production Follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) inthe blood stream promotes spermproduction Interstitial
cell-stimulating hormone(ICSH) stimulates interstitial cells
toproduce the male sex hormonetestosterone. Testosterone stimulates
spermproduction in seminiferous tubules. Also activates accessory
glands toproduce secretions. What are accessory glands? What do
they produce? All from last lesson ..... Accessory Glands 2 main,
prostate and seminal vesicles.
Seminal vesicles produce fructose for energy for sperm to swim and
prostaglandins which cause contractions in female reproductive
tract. Prostate produces enzyme whose action enables fluid medium
viscosity for optimum sperm motility. gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH)
Negative Feedback Control of sperm production Negative feedback
ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and
returned back to the set level, so it self regulates. As
[testosterone] builds up in the bloodstream, it reaches a level
where it inhibits the secretion of FSH and ICSH.Thus leads to
decrease in testosterone concentration.However after a while, the
hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland. Maintaining an steady
secretion of sperm = stimulates = inhibits gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH) Pituitary Hormonal Control FSH Follicle Stimulating
Hormone
ICSH Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ICSH Hormonal control of
menstrual cycle
FSH and LH from pituitary glandaffects ovaries in several ways; FSH
stimulates development andmaturation of follicle. FSH stimulate
ovary tissue tosecrete the sex hormone oestrogen. LH triggers
ovulation. LH develops corpus luteum andstimulates it to
produceprogesterone. NB; Oestrogen and Progesterone are ovarian
hormones FSH and LH are known as pituitary hormones Ovarian Hormone
Affect
Oestrogen - stimulates proliferation (cell division)of the
endometrium (inner layer of theuterus) Secretion of LH by the
pituitary gland. Stimulates cervix cells which secretecervical
mucus, which lubricate vaginaand watery mucus allow
easierpenetration by sperm. Inhibit pituitary hormone FSH so nomore
follicles are developed. Ovarian Hormone Affect
Progesterone - Promotes futher development andvascularisation of
endometrium intospongy layer rich in blood vessels readyfor
blastocyst (early stage embryo)implantation. If fertilisation
occurs progesteroneinhibits secretion of FSH and LH inpituitary
gland (no more folliclesdeveloped) Menstrual Cycle The events of
these hormones, LH, FSH,progesterone and oestrogen interact toform
the synchronised menstrual cyclein women. Cycle lasts for
approximately 28 days(varies) with the first day ofmenstruation
(bleeding) regarded as dayone of the cycle (generally for
easerather than any first event). Menstrual Cycle The events of
these hormones, LH, FSH,progesterone and oestrogen interact to form
thesynchronised menstrual cycle in women. Cycle lasts for
approximately 28 days (varies)with the first day of menstruation
(bleeding)regarded as day one of the cycle (generally for
easerather than any first event). 2 phases; Follicular phase
(developing follicle in ovary) Day 1-14 Luteal phase (developing
corpus luteum) Day 14-28 Follicular Phase FSH (pituitary)
stimulates;
development of maturation of follicle Production of oestrogen by
ovarian tissue [Oestrogen] then builds up (repair and proliferate
endometrium) . High[] of oestrogen triggers LH at approx. day 14,
causing ovulation as follicle blister wall ruptures, egg moves
along oviduct3-4 days waiting for sperm and fertilisation Luteal
Phase LH (pituitary) stimulates;
Follicle to become corpus luteum (which secretes progesterone and
oestrogen). Progesterone (pituitary) stimulates; Endometrium and
vascular blood vessels development by ovarian tissue with high
[oestrogen] trigger inhibitory effect on pituitary gland. (negative
feedback control) Hormonal Control feedback systems
Positive amplifies Negative counter balances change to return to
normal Watch and listen...... Hormonal Control Now answer these
multiple choice questions
READ question CAREFULLY in MCQ! Watch and answer READ Q CAREFULLY
Activity ; plot the period!
Use the data given the plot the points.Best touse X, different
lines / colours for each plot. Make sure you use the right scale!
Fertilise or not to fertilise
No fertilisation LH levels drop, so corpus luteum (day 22)
degenerates No corpus luteum causes rapid drop of oestrogen and
progesterone. Low levels of ovarian hormones means endometrium no
longer maintained, so by day 28 menstruation (loss ofinnner layer
of endometrium and blood) begins. Stop feedback on pituitary
hormones, so new follicle can develop with FSH increase Fertilise
or not to fertilise
Fertilisation Embryo secretes human chorionic gonadtrophic hormone
(HCG), similar to LH (maintains corpus luteum that produces ovarian
hormones, which maintains endometrium development) for ~6 weeks
until placenta takes over. Demonstrate your understanding
4 female hormones explain their; their roles in the menstrual cycle
where they are produced what order they occur in in eachmenstrual
cycle. Display however you feel easiest table / Venn diagram or
simple notes. Remember transferring knowledge iswhere learning
occurs! Oestrogen inhibits FSH
Second hormone - Spike day 14, LH FSH First to rise ~ day 4 Made in
pituitary Triggers ovulation Stimulates graffian
follicledevelopment FSH stimulates ovary to produce oestrogen
Corpus Luteum Made by LH - Makes progesterone Hormones Oestrogen
inhibits FSH Initiates the repair of the uterus wall Inhibits
pituitary hormones (both FSH /LH) Made in ovary Oestrogen
Progesterone Quite high throughout, peaks ~ day 12 Consistency of
cervical mucus altered so easily penetrated by sperm
Vascularisation of the uterus wall Review Hormone Function Follicle
stimulating hormone
Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone Luteinising hormone
Progesterone Oestrogen Testosterone ??? You can add?? ??Can you
add?? Male and Female Hormones
FSH promotes sperm production in males.In femalesstimulates
development of the graafian follicle and the ovaryto produce
oestrogen ICSH (males) stimulates testosterone production.
Testosterone stimulates sperm production and activatesprostate
gland and seminal vesicles LH (in females)- triggers ovulation and
stimulates thegraafian follicle to become corpus luteum (which
producesprogesterone) Oestrogen - Initiates the repair of the
uterus wall andstimulates the pituitary to produce a sudden upsurge
of LH Progesterone -Encourages vasculariation (blood
vessels)development of the uterus lining and inhibits the
pituitarygland (and therefore FSH).