Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

COPS “ Supersites“

Andreas Behrendt , Volker Wulfmeyer

Ulrich Corsmeier, Leonhard Gantner, Christian Barthlott

• Goals

• Strategy

• Performance simulations of remote sensing instrumentation

Orographically induced convection

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

Goal of COPS:Provide a 4-d set of key variables

in a low-mountain region(and around)

for testing hypotheseson the improvement of QPF

Responsibility of Hohenheim University1) Set up of a project office and a steering committee

2) Scientific performance analysis of advanced remote sensing systems3) Perform international workshops

and prepare a Scientific Overview Document and an Operations Plan

Responsibility of Karlsruhe University1) Extensive LM analyses of different precipitation events2) Develop preliminary hypotheses for improving QPF in NWP3) Suggest targeting of key processes to be investigated

Priorities? Optimum strategies?

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

Cloud radars

Ka- or W-band ν = 35 – 95 GHz, λ ≈ 9 – 3 mm� Particle reflectivity factor,

depolarisation (→ liquid/ice), LOS velocityin clouds

Precipitation radars

X-, C- or S-band, ν = 2 – 10 GHz, λ ≈ 15 – 3 cm, �Reflectivity factor, LOS velocity, refractivity

in precipitation

Lidars

λ ≈ 0.3 – 2 µm, ν = 1015 – 1.5×1014

Hz� αpar, βpar, δ (→ liquid/ice),

q, T, LOS wind in clear air, aerosol layers and in thin clouds

Multi-wavelength remote sensing

MW and FTIR radiometers � LWC, q, T, ...

Complementary and synergetic!

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

Lidar – Light detection and ranging

Time (Number of profiles)

Hei

gh

t(k

m a

.g.l.

)

1000 Profiles = 33 s

26.6.2004 ca. 10.20 LT, Central Stuttgart

UHOH Lidar: range-corrected backscatter signal at 1064 nm, ∆z = 3 m, ∆t = 1/30 s

Performance simulations: input LM 2.8 km data, no parameterization of convection

„ Clear-air“ component -> characterization of pre-convective fields & LOS fields around clouds

Measured parameters:• Optical properties of aerosols and cloud particles: Backscatter, Raman, Depolarization• H2O concentration/mixing ratio: H2O DIAL, Raman lidar• T: Rotational Raman lidar• LOS-vector wind: Doppler lidar

RH, CAPE, CIN, fluxes

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

Orography of the Northern Black Forrest

Typical region for initialization of convective cells

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

Performance simulations: input LM 2.8 km data, no parameterization of convection

Cloud liquid water content & vert. wind Spec. humidity & vert. wind

Orography & horiz. wind Precip

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

8. 8.5 9.Lon , deg E

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.

thgieH

a.s.

l.,mk

LM 2.8 km: LOS wind

8. 8.5 9.Lon , deg E

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.

thgieH

a.s.

l.,mk

LM 2.8 km: LOS wind

�60 �40 �20 0 20T, deg C

0

5

10

15

20

egnaR

,mk

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14H2O Mix. Rat ., g�kg

0

5

10

15

20

egnaR

,mk

�1 �0.5 0 0.5 1LOS wind, m�s

0

5

10

15

20

egnaR

,mk

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05QC Cl, g�kg

0

5

10

15

20

egnaR

,mk

T

qliquidqvapor

wLOS

Performance simulation

Example:Ground-based lidars at „supersite“Location: near HornisgrindeRHI scans19 June 2002

� extinction

Lat = 48.5 deg N

Lidar

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

Vertical wind (colors)

m/s

Line-of-sight wind (colors)

Water vapor mixing ratio Temperature gradient dT/dz + 9.81 K/km

q, g/kg

�1.

�0.8

�0.6

�0.4

�0.2

0.

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.

m/s

K/km

Performance simulationsGround-based lidars at „supersite“; Location: near HornisgrindeRHI scans; 19 June 2002 13:30 – 17:30 UTC

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

�1.

�0.8

�0.6

�0.4

�0.2

0.

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.

m/s

Cloud Doppler-Radar

Doppler Lidar

Performance simulationsLocation: near HornisgrindeRHI scans; 19 June 2002 13:30 – 17:30 UTC

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“

100 km

Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“