Copper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have

high resistance against corrosion. The best known traditional types are bronze,

where tin is a significant addition, and brass, using zinc instead. Both these are imprecise

terms, both having been commonly referred to as lattens in the past. Today the

term copper alloy tends to be substituted, especially by museums.[1]

Paduan tembaga adalah paduan logam yang memiliki tembaga sebagai komponen utama mereka.

Mereka memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap korosi. Jenis tradisional yang paling dikenal

adalah tembaga, mana tin adalah penambahan yang signifikan, dan kuningan, menggunakan seng

sebagai gantinya. Baik ini adalah istilah yang tidak tepat, kedua memiliki telah sering disebut

sebagai lattens di masa lalu. Hari ini istilah paduan tembaga cenderung diganti, terutama oleh

Museum.[1]

Composition

The similarity in external appearance of the various alloys, along with the different

combinations of elements used when making each alloy, can lead to confusion when

categorizing the different compositions. There are as many as 400 different copper and

copper-alloy compositions loosely grouped into the categories: copper, high copper alloy,

brasses, bronzes, copper nickels, copper–nickel–zinc (nickel silver), leaded copper, and

special alloys. The following table lists the principal alloying element for four of the more

common types used in modern industry, along with the name for each type. Historical

types, such as those that characterize the Bronze Age, are vaguer as the mixtures were

generally variable.

Komposisi kesamaan dalam penampilan eksternal dari berbagai paduan, bersama dengan

berbagai kombinasi dari unsur-unsur digunakan ketika membuat setiap paduan, dapat

mengakibatkan kebingungan ketika categorizing komposisi yang berbeda. Ada sebanyak 400

tembaga yang berbeda dan komposisi copper-alloy longgar dikelompokkan ke dalam kategori:

tembaga, tembaga tinggi paduan, brasses, bronzes, tembaga nickels, tembaga � nikel � seng

( nikel perak ), tembaga bertimbal, dan paduan khusus. Berikut daftar meja utama unsur alloying

untuk empat dari lebih jenis umum digunakan di modern industri, bersama dengan nama untuk

setiap jenis. Jenis historis, seperti mereka yang mengkarakterisasi zaman perunggu, apakah

vaguer campuran seperti yang sedang umumnya variabel.

Classification of copper and its alloys

FamilyPrincipal alloying

elementUNS numbers

Copper alloys, brass Zinc (Zn)C1xxxx–C4xxxx,C66400–

C69800

Phosphor bronze Tin (Sn) C5xxxx

Aluminium bronzes Aluminium (Al) C60600–C64200

Silicon bronzes Silicon (Si) C64700–C66100

Copper nickel, nickel

silversNickel (Ni) C7xxxx

Mechanical properties of common copper alloys[2]

Name

Nominal

compositi

on

(percentag

es)

Form

and

conditi

on

Yield

strengt

h (0.2%

offset

,ksi)

Tensil

e

streng

th

(ksi)

Elongati

on in

2 inches

(percent

)

Hardne

ss

(Brinell

scale)

Comments

Copper

(ASTM B1, B2,

B3, B152,

B124, R133)

Cu 99.9Anneal

ed10 32 45 42

Electrical

equipment,

roofing,

screens

" "Cold-

drawn40 45 15 90 "

" " Cold- 40 46 5 100 "

rolled

Gilding

metal (ASTM

B36)

Cu 95.0,

Zn 5.0

Cold-

rolled50 56 5 114

Coins, bullet

jackets

Cartridge

brass (ASTM

B14, B19, B36,

B134, B135)

Cu 70.0,

Zn 30.0

Cold-

rolled63 76 8 155

Good for cold-

working; radia

tors,

hardware,

electrical, dra

wn cartridge

cases.

Phosphor

bronze (ASTM

B103, B139,

B159)

Cu 89.75,

Sn 10.0, P

0.25

Spring

temper— 122 4 241

High fatigue-

strength and

spring

qualities

Yellow or High

brass (ASTM

B36, B134,

B135)

Cu 65.0,

Zn 35.0

Anneal

ed18 48 60 55

Good

corrosion

resistance

" "Cold-

drawn55 70 15 115 "

" "

Cold-

rolled

(HT)

60 74 10 180 "

Manganese

bronze (ASTM

138)

Cu 58.5,

Zn 39.2, Fe

1.0, Sn 1.0,

Mn 0.3

Anneal

ed30 60 30 95 Forgings

" "Cold-

drawn50 80 20 180 "

Naval brass

(ASTM B21)

Cu 60.0,

Zn 39.25,

Sn 0.75

Anneal

ed22 56 40 90

Resistance to

salt corrosion

" "Cold-

drawn40 65 35 150 "

Muntz

metal (ASTM

B111)

Cu 60.0,

Zn 40.0

Anneal

ed20 54 45 80

Condensor tu

bes

Aluminium

bronze (ASTM

B169 alloy A,

B124, B150)

Cu 92.0, Al

8.0

Anneal

ed25 70 60 80 —

" " Hard 65 105 7 210 "

Beryllium

copper (ASTM

B194, B196,

B197)

Cu 97.75,

Be 2.0, Co

or Ni 0.25

Anneal

ed,

solution

-treated

32 70 45

B60

(

Rockwe

ll)

Electrical,

valves,

pumps, oilfield

tools,

aerospace

landing gears,

robotic

welding, mold

making [3]

" "Cold-

rolled104 110 5

B81

(Rockw

ell)

"

Free-cutting

brass

Cu 62.0,

Zn 35.5,

Pb 2.5

Cold-

drawn44 70 18

B80

(Rockw

ell)

Screws, nuts,

gears, keys

Nickel

silver (ASTM

B112)

Cu 65.0,

Zn 17.0, Ni

18.0

Anneal

ed25 58 40 70 Hardware

" "Cold-

rolled70 85 4 170 "

Nickel silver

(ASTM B149)

Cu 76.5, Ni

12.5, Pb

9.0, Sn 2.0

Cast 18 35 15 55

Easy to

machine;

ornaments,

plumbing

Cupronickel (A

STM B111,

B171)

Cu 88.35,

Ni 10.0, Fe

1.25, Mn

0.4

Anneal

ed22 44 45 –

Condensor,

salt-water

pipes

" "

Cold-

drawn

tube

57 60 15 – "

CupronickelCu 70.0, Ni

30.0

Wrough

t– – – –

Heat-

exchange

equipment,

valves

Ounce

metal[4] Copper

Alloy C83600

(also known as

"Red brass" or

Cu 85.0,

Zn 5.0, Pb

5.0, Sn 5.0

Cast 17 37 25 60 —

"composition

metal") (ASTM

B62)

Gunmetal (kno

wn as "red

brass" in US)

Varies Cu

80-90%,

Zn <5%,

Sn ~10%,

+other

elements@

<1%

Mechanical properties of Copper Development Association (CDA) copper alloys[5]

FamilyCD

A

Tensile

strength

[ksi]

Yield

strength

[ksi] Elongation

(typ.) [%]

Hardness

[Brinell

10 mm-

500 kg]

Machinability

[YB = 100]

Min. Typ. Min. Typ.

Red brass

833 32 10 35 35 35

836 30 37 14 17 30 50–65 84

838 29 35 12 16 25 50–60 90

Semi-red brass

844 29 34 13 15 26 50–60 90

848 25 36 12 14 30 50–60 90

Manganese bronze 862 90 95 45 48 20 170–195† 30

863 110 119 60 83 18 225† 8

865 65 71 25 28 30 130† 26

Tin bronze

903 40 45 18 21 30 60–75 30

905 40 45 18 22 25 75 30

907 35 44 18 22 20 80 20

Leaded tin bronze

922 34 40 16 20 30 60–72 42

923 36 40 16 20 25 60–75 42

926 40 44 18 20 30 65–80 40

927 35 42 21 20 77 45

High-leaded tin

bronze

932 30 35 14 18 20 60–70 70

934 25 32 16 20 55–65 70

935 25 32 12 16 30 55–65 70

936 33 30 16 21 15 79-83 80

937 25 35 12 18 20 55–70 80

938 25 30 14 16 18 50–60 80

943 21 27 13 10 42–55 80

Aluminium bronze

952 65 80 25 27 35 110–140† 50

953 65 75 25 27 25 140† 55

954 75 85 30 35 18 140–170† 60

955 90 100 40 44 12 180–200† 50

958 85 95 35 38 25 150-170† 50

Silicon bronze 878 80 83 30 37 29 115 40

† Brinell scale with 3000 kg load

Comparison of copper alloy standards[5]

Family CDA ASTM SAESAE

supersededFederal Military

Red brass 833

836 B145-

836

836 40 QQ-C-390

(B5)

C-2229 Gr2

838B145-

838838

QQ-C-390

(B4)

Semi-red brass

844B145-

844

QQ-C-390

(B2)

848B145-

848

QQ-C-390

(B1)

Manganese bronze

862B147-

862862 430A

QQ-C-390

(C4)C-2229 Gr9

863B147-

863863 430B

QQ-C-390

(C7)C-2229 Gr8

865B147-

865865 43

QQ-C-390

(C3)C-2229 Gr7

Tin bronze

903B143-

903903 620

QQ-C-390

(D5)C-2229 Gr1

905B143-

905905 62

QQ-C-390

(D6)

907 907 65

Leaded tin bronze922

B143-

922922 622

QQ-C-390

(D4)B-16541

923 B143-

923

923 621 QQ-C-390

(D3)

C-15345

Gr10

926 926

927 927 63

High-leaded tin

bronze

932B144-

932932 660

QQ-C-390

(E7)

C-15345

Gr12

934QQ-C-390

(E8)

C-22229

Gr3

935B144-

935935 66

QQ-C-390

(E9)

937B144-

937937 64

QQ-C-390

(E10)

938B144-

938938 67

QQ-C-390

(E6)

943B144-

943943

QQ-C-390

(E1)

Aluminium bronze952

B148-

952952 68A

QQ-C-390

(G6)

C-22229

Gr5

953B148-

953953 68B

QQ-C-390

(G7)

954 B148-

954

954 QQ-C-390

(G5)

C-15345

Gr13

955B148-

955955

QQ-C-390

(G3)

C-22229

Gr8

958QQ-C-390

(G8)

Silicon bronze 878 B30 878

The following table outlines the chemical composition of various grades of copper alloys.

Chemical composition of copper alloys[5][6]

FamilyCD

AAMS UNS

Cu

[%]

Sn

[%]

Pb

[%]

Zn

[%]

Ni

[%]

Fe

[%]

Al

[%]

Other

[%]

Red brass

833 C83300 93 1.5 1.5 4

C83400[7] 90 10

836 4855B C83600 85 5 5 5

838 C83800 83 4 6 7

Semi-red

brass

844 C84400 81 3 7 9

845 C84500 78 3 7 12

848 C84800 76 3 6 15

Manganese C86100[8] 67 0.5 21 3 5 Mn 4

bronze

862† C86200 64 26 3 4 Mn 3

863† 4862B C86300 63 25 3 6 Mn 3

865 4860A C86500 58 0.5 39.5 1 1Mn

0.25

Tin bronze

903 C90300 88 8 4

905 4845D C90500 88 100.3

max2

907 C90700 89 110.5

max

0.5

max

Leaded tin

bronze

922 C92200 88 6 1.5 4.5

923 C92300 87 81

max4

926 4846A C92600 87 10 1 2

927 C92700 88 10 20.7

max

High-leaded

tin bronze

932 C93200 83 7 7 3

934 C93400 84 8 8 0.7

max

935 C93500 85 5 9 10.5

max

937 4842A C93700 80 10 100.7

max

938 C93800 78 7 150.75

max

943 4840A C94300 70 5 250.7

max

Aluminium

bronze

952 C95200 88 3 9

953 C95200 89 1 10

9544870B

4872BC95400 85 4 11

C95410[9] 85 4 11 Ni 2

955 C95500 81 4 4 11

C95600[10] 91 7 Si 2

C95700[11] 75 2 3 8 Mn 12

958 C95800 81 5 4 9 Mn 1

Silicon bronze

C87200[12] 89 Si 4

C87400[13] 83 14 Si 3

C87500[14] 82 14 Si 4

C87600[15] 90 5.5 Si 4.5

878 C87800[16] 80 14 Si 4

C87900[17] 65 34 Si 1

† Chemical composition may vary to yield mechanical properties

Find below the search results for the material you've specified. Please note here this information is NOT to be used for design purposes, and in no event shall MSO be liable for any damages arising from the misuse of this information

Copper Alloys Brass, C260

Related Metals: C26000Cartridge Brass, C260C260

Get Quotes

Specifications: ASTM B129ASTM B134ASTM B135ASTM B19ASTM B36ASTM B569ASTM B587MIL C-10375MIL S-22499MIL T-20219SAE J461SAE J463UNS C26000

Chemistry Data

Copper 68.5 - 71.5

Iron 0.05 max

Lead 0.07 max

Remainder Each Zn

General Information

Principal Design Features

Brasses (Copper-Zinc Alloy), Cartridge Brass, 70%. C26000 has the highest ductility in the yellow brass series. Easily machined but is more often cold formed.

Applications

Primarily used for hot or cold-formed products.

Machinability

The machinability rating of this alloy is not given. (Where Alloy 360 FC Brass is 100).

Welding

Soldering is rated as "excellent", brazing is rated as "excellent", oxyacetylene welding is rated as "good", gas shielded arc welding is rated as "fair", coated metal arc welding is "not recommended", spot welding is rated as "good", seam welding is "not recommended" and butt welding is rated as "good".

Pengelasan penyolderan ini dinilai sebagai ' baik ', mematri ini dinilai sebagai ' baik ', oxyacetylene pengelasan ini dinilai sebagai ' baik ', gas terlindung arc pengelasan ini dinilai sebagai ' adil ', dilapisi logam arc pengelasan adalah ' tidak dianjurkan ', spot welding ini dinilai sebagai ' baik ', jahitan pengelasan adalah ' tidak dianjurkan ' dan pantat pengelasan ini dinilai sebagai ' baik '.

Forging

The hot forgeability rating of this alloy is not given. (Forging Brass=100). The recommended hot working temperature for this alloy is between 1350 and 1550 F.

Hot Working

This alloy's capacity for being hot formed is rated as "fair".

Cold Working

The capacity for cold working this alloy is rated as "excellent".

Annealing

The annealing temperature for this alloy is between 800 and 1400 F.

Physical Data

Density (lb / cu. in.) 0.308

Electrical Resistivity (microhm-cm (at 68 Deg F))

37

Melting Point (Deg F) 1680

Modulus of Elasticity Tension

16000

Brass property

Properties

Microstructure of rolled and annealed brass (400X magnification)

The malleability and acoustic properties of brass have made it the metal of choice

for musical instruments such as the trombone, tuba, trumpet, cornet,baritone

horn, euphonium, tenor horn, and French horn which are collectively known as the brass

within an orchestra. Even though the saxophone is classified as a woodwind

instrument and the harmonica is a free reed aerophone, both are also often made from

brass. In organ pipes of the reed family, brass strips (called tongues) are used as the

reeds, which beat against the shallot (or beat "through" the shallot in the case of a "free"

reed). Although not part of the brass section, snare drums are also sometimes made of

brass.

Brass has higher malleability than bronze or zinc. The relatively low melting point of brass

(900 to 940 °C, 1652 to 1724 °F, depending on composition) and its flow characteristics

make it a relatively easy material to cast. By varying the proportions of copper and zinc,

the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses. The density

of brass is approximately .303 lb/cubic inch, 8.4 to 8.73 grams per cubic centimetre.[5]

Today almost 90% of all brass alloys are recycled.[6] Because brass is not ferromagnetic,

it can be separated from ferrous scrap by passing the scrap near a powerful magnet.

Brass scrap is collected and transported to the foundry where it is melted and recast

into billets. Billets are heated and extruded into the desired form and size.

Aluminium makes brass stronger and more corrosion resistant. Aluminium also causes a

highly beneficial hard layer of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) to be formed on the surface that is

thin, transparent and self-healing. Tin has a similar effect and finds its use especially

in sea water applications (naval brasses). Combinations of iron, aluminium, silicon and

manganese make brass wear and tear resistant.[7]

Copper properties

 Physical Properties Metric

Density  7.60 - 8.75 g/cc 

Mechanical Properties MetricHardness, Rockwell B  25.0 - 133Hardness, Rockwell F  54.0 - 100Hardness, HR30T  8.00 - 240Tensile Strength, Ultimate  159 - 896 MPaTensile Strength, Yield  69.0 - 683 MPaElongation at Break  3.00 - 68.0 %Reduction of Area  40.0 - 60.0 %Modulus of Elasticity  97.0 - 115 GPaPoissons Ratio  0.280 - 0.375Fatigue Strength  22.0 - 360 MPaMachinability  30.0 - 106 %Shear Modulus  35.0 - 44.0 GPaShear Strength  205 - 415 MPaIzod Impact  43.0 - 45.0 JCharpy Impact  43.0 - 69.0 J 

Electrical Properties MetricElectrical Resistivity  0.00000470 - 0.0000280 ohm-cm 0.00000470Magnetic Susceptibility  -1.00e-6 

Thermal Properties MetricCTE, linear  18.7 - 26.0 µm/m-°CSpecific Heat Capacity  0.375 - 0.380 J/g-°CThermal Conductivity  26.0 - 159 W/m-K 180Melting Point  820 - 1030 °CSolidus  820 - 990 °CLiquidus  890 - 1030 °C 

Processing Properties MetricProcessing Temperature  260 °CAnnealing Temperature  425 - 750 °CHot-Working Temperature  625 - 900 °CRecrystallization Temperature  10.0 - 400 °C 

Component Elements Properties MetricAntimony, Sb  0.0200 - 0.100 %Copper, Cu  55.0 - 86.0 %Iron, Fe  0.0500 - 2.10 %Lead, Pb  0.0500 - 5.00 %Other  0.150 - 0.500 %Phosphorous, P  0.0200 - 0.150 %Silicon, Si  3.50 - 4.50 %Tin, Sn  0.250 - 5.00 %Zinc, Zn  5.00 - 43.5 %

BRASS

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to

create a range of brasses with varying properties.[1]

By comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin.[2] Bronze does not

necessarily contain tin, and a variety of alloys of copper, including alloys

with arsenic, phosphorus, aluminium, manganese, and silicon, are commonly termed

"bronze". The term is applied to a variety of brasses and the distinction is largely

historical,[3] both terms having a common antecedent in the term latten.

Brass is a substitutional alloy. It is used for decoration for its bright gold-like appearance;

for applications where low friction is required such as locks, gears,

bearings, doorknobs, ammunition casings and valves; for plumbing and electrical

applications; and extensively in musical instruments such as horns and bells for its

acoustic properties. It is also used in zippers. Brass is often used in situations where it is

important that sparks not be struck, as in fittings and tools around explosive gases.[4]

Kuningan merupakan paduan tembaga dan seng; proporsi seng dan tembaga dapat bervariasi

untuk menciptakan berbagai brasses dengan berbagai sifat. 1 dengan perbandingan, perunggu ini

terutama aloi tembaga dan timah. 2 perunggu tidak selalu mengandung timah, dan berbagai

paduan dari tembaga, termasuk paduan dengan arsenik, fosfor, aluminium, mangan, dan silikon,

yang umumnya disebut ' perunggu '. Istilah ini digunakan untuk berbagai brasses dan perbedaan

sejarah, sebagian besar 3 memiliki kedua hal yg umum dalam jangka latten. Kuningan adalah

sebuah substitutional paduan. Hal ini digunakan untuk dekorasi untuk yang terang gold-like

penampilan; untuk aplikasi di mana rendah gesekan diperlukan seperti kunci gigi, bantalan,

doorknobs, amunisi casing dan katup; untuk pipa dan aplikasi listrik; dan secara luas di alat musik

seperti tanduk dan lonceng untuk yang acoustic properti. Hal ini juga digunakan dalam zippers.

Kuningan ini sering digunakan dalam situasi di mana hal ini penting bahwa percikan api tidak akan