coordination chemistry chemistry.pdfcoordination compounds contain coordinate covalent bonds....
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![Page 1: Coordination Chemistry Chemistry.pdfCoordination compounds contain coordinate covalent bonds. Coordinate covalent bonds are formed when a metal ion reacts with groups of anions or](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040104/5ec859dfa23ed260c867767d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Coordination Chemistry
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Coordination compounds contain coordinate covalent bonds.
Coordinate covalent bonds are formed when a metal ion reacts with groups of anions or neutral polar molecules.
Coordinate compounds often contain a complex ion along with a counter ion.
CoCl3·6NH
3
or[Co(NH
3)
6]Cl
3
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Transition metals have incompletely filled d subshells or form ions with incompletely d subshells.
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Transition metals exhibit several oxidation states, the highest oxidation states found in compounds
that contain highly electronegative elements.
V2O
5 Mn2O
7
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The ions or molecules that surround the metal in a complex ion are called ligands.
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Ligands act as Lewis bases and the transition metal acts as a Lewis acid.
A ligand must have at least one pair of unshared electrons.
The atom bound directly to the metal atom is called the donor atom.
The ethylenediaminetetraacetate plumbate(II) ion
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The coordination number in a coordination compound describes the number of donor atoms surrounding the central metal atom in a complex
ion.Coordination number?
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A ligand is classified as monodentate, bidentate, or polydentate.
A metal-ethylenediamine complex, such as [Co(en)
3]2+
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The oxidation state of a transition metal in a complex ion can be determined by knowing the
overall charge on the complex ion and the charges on the ligands.
What are the oxidation states for the transition metals in K[Au(OH)4],
K4[Fe(CN)
6], [Ru(NH
3)
5(H
2O)]Cl
2, [Cr(NH
3)
6](NO
3)
3, and Fe(CO)
5?
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Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
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When naming coordination compounds, say the name of the cation first (regardless of whether its
a metal ion or the complex ion).
In K2[Fe(CN)
6] name K+ first – the name starts with “Potassium”
In [Co(NH3)
4]Cl name [Co(NH
3)
4]+ first – the name starts with
“Tetraammine cobalt (I)”
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Within a complex ion the ligands are named first, in alphabetical order, and the metal ion is named last.
The name of the complex ion [Co(NH3)
4]+ is “Tetraammine cobalt (I)”
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Anionic ligands names end in the letter “o”. Neutral ligands usually are called by the name of the
molecule (note the exceptions).
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When there are two or more ligands use the Greek prefixes di, tri, tetra, penta, and hexa.
The ligands in [Co(NH3)
4Cl
2]+ are named as “tetraamminedichloro”.
When the name of a ligand already contains a Greek prefix, a different set of prefixes is used:
2 bis3 tris
4 tetrakis
The ligands in [Co(en)3]3+ are named as “tris(ethylenediamine)”.
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The oxidation state of the metal is given by a Roman numeral in parentheses right after the name of the
metal.
In the complex ion [Cr(NH3)
4Cl
2]+ the chromium ion has a +3 oxidation state
so the name of the complex ion is tetraamminedichlorochromium(III)
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If the complex is an anion it's name ends in “ate”.
In K4[Fe(CN)
6] the anion [Fe(CN)
6]4- is called hexacyanoferrate(II) ion.
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What are the names of the following coordination compounds?
[Co(NH3)
4Cl
2]Cl
K3[Fe(CN)
6]
[Cr(H2O)
4Cl
2]Cl
[Cr(en)2Cl
2]Br
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What are the formulas of the following coordination compounds?
pentaaquabromoruthenium(II) nitrate
bis(ethylenediamine)oxalatovanadium(IV) chloride
sodium hexanitrocobaltate(III)
dibromobis(ethylenediamine)chromium(III) nitrate
tris(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV) sulfate
potassium tetrabromodichloroplatinate(IV)