coordination chemistry ligands bonding to metals
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Coordination Chemistry
ligands bonding to metals
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Donor-Acceptor Complexes
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DefinitionsLewis Acid = acceptor = usually a transition metal cation
Lewis Base = donor = ligand = usually something with a lone electron pair
Coordination number = # of metal-ligand attachments
Denticity = # of attachments a ligand makes
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Common LigandsMonodentate Ligands:
Halides: F-, Cl-, Br-, I-
O2-, S2-, OH-, CN-
NH3, H2O, CO
Bidentate Ligands: Polydentate Ligands:
heme, salen
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Monodentate complexes
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Monodentate complexes
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Bidentate ligand complexes
Ni(DMG)2Co(en)2Cl2
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Bidentate complexes
Co(en)32+
Fe(phen)32+
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Polydentate complexes
Co(salen)+
chlorophyll
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Fe-heme
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Polydentate complexes
Fe-hemeO2-Fe-heme
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Determining Metal Oxidation States[Ag(NH3)2]NO3
K2[NiCl4]
[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl
[Cr(H2O)4CO3]Br
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Isomerization in Coordination Compounds
Do for octahedral Complexes
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Inner and Outer Spheres
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl H2O [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2
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All compounds
Structural (constitutional) Stereo
linkage ionization hydration geometric optical
[Co(NH3)5Cl]NO2
[Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl [Co(NH3)4Cl(H2O)]Cl2
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]ClH2O[Co(NH3)5SCN]2+
[Co(NH3)5NCS]2+
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Linkage Isomers
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Ionization Isomers
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Hydration Isomers
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Optical Isomers: enantiomers (mirror images)key to recognizing: no mirror planes of symmetry
Type 1. arrangement of monodentate ligands
Type 2. arrangement of bidentate ligands
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Geometric isomerism: like cis-trans
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Geometric isomerism
Fac- isomer Mer- isomer
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Geometric Isomers: predicting numbers
Use shorthand:M = metala, b, c, etc. are different ligands
Example 1: Co(NH3)4Cl2
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Example 2: Co(NH3)3BrCl2
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Example 3: Co(NH3)3enBr2+