COORDINATED BODY SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 7-3 P 244

METABOLISM

• Metabolism - is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms - the total of catabolism and anabolism.

• Catabolism - breaks-down of organic matter, for example to harvest energy in cellular respiration.

• Anabolism - uses energy to construct components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.

• Select the metabolic site

ENZYMES

• Enzyme - an organic catalyst that helps create substances.• Catalyst - a substance that speeds up the rate of the reaction without

being used up in the process.• Reactant molecule - the target of the enzyme, the molecule that is going to

be changed by a chemical reaction.

NUTRIENTS

NUTRIENTS

• Nutrients - include carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils), vitamins and mineral elements.

• Carbohydrates- sources include breads, potatoes rice - broken down into simple sugars (glucose)

• Proteins - sources include meat, fish, poultry and some nuts and legumes - broken down into amino acids

• Lipids - sources are fats and oils - broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

GAS EXCHANGE IN THE LUNGS

• Diffusion - the movement of particles of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (the active transport module of this animation is very good for action potential and neurotransmitter release at the synapse)

• Diffusion – McGraw Hill

• Diffusion – PhET (add 3 Blue leakage channels and then pump the top space full of blue particles then observe)

• Alveoli - Air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases - carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs

• Haemoglobin - the oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells

CARDIAC CONTROL• Cardiac - of the heart (heart cycle BBC Bitsize video)• Pacemaker - S-A node (sino-artrial node) – natural rhythm of heart BBC Bitsize

• ECG – animation (click on blue links to observe separate events)

• Defibrillator - Device to electrically shock the heart back into normal sinus rhythm• Atria - small top chambers of the heart Ventricles - large lower chambers of the

heart• Ventricles - large lower chambers of the heart• Electrocardiograph - medical instrument that records electric currents associated

with contractions of the heart and may include a paper print out.• Noradrenaline - this hormone may increase cardiac output by up to five times.

INSIDE THE CELLS

• Cellular respiration - the chemical reaction that occurs in cells that combines glucose and oxygen then produces carbon dioxide as a waste gas.

• Organelles - small functional sub-units within the cell that have very specific tasks• Mitochondria - organelle where cellular respiration occurs.• Ribosome - the organelle where proteins are manufactured.