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Cooking with PDF: Recipes for Success

Presented by Julie Shaffer, PIAGATF

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Cooking with PDF:

Recipes for Success

Presented by

Julie ShafferDirector PIAGATF

Center for Imaging Excellence

Housekeeping overview

Turn off your cell phones, please! Question are OK (& encouraged) at any time!

Mix of presentation and hands-on; get ready!

What we will cover

1. Brief overview of Portable Document Format

2. Creating PDF files

3. Reviewing PDF files

4. Minor repairing of PDF files

5. Imposing & printing PDF files

Recipes for Press-Ready PDFs

What we will talk about today

Creating press-ready PDFs with

Acrobat Distiller

QuarkXPress

InDesign

Microsoft Word

Using Mac OS X

Virtual printer and Mac OSX Preview

ColorSync and Save as PDF

What Makes a Good PDF? Creating PDFs for Print Production

Besides using a prepress workflow system,there are two general methods to ensure goodPDF file creation

By creating a qualityPostScriptfile then running it

through a quality interpreter like Acrobat Distiller *By using the Exportfunction that can create a PDF

file directly from an application like Adobe InDesign

or Illustrator

* another quality PostScript interpreter is Global Graphics

Jaws PDF Creator


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Which method is best?

Both can make good quality PDFfiles for print!

Both can make a bad PDF file!

It really all depends on thesettings the designer uses inlayout application and Print orExport options window!

Creating PDFs via PostScript

A well-accepted method of PDF creation in theprinting industry is to save a PostScript file

Then use Acrobat Distillerto convert the

PostScript file to PDF

There are other methods of PDF creation thatfirst generate PostScript behind the scenes

Saving a file from Microsoft Word usingPDFMaker

Printing to the AdobePDF Printerfrom anyapplication

The Export Layout as PDF function in QuarkXPress

Creating PostScript: Print dialog

When creating PostScript from a printwindow, its critical to set all options properly

Here is where key issues are set, including:

Page size (geometry) and orientation

Bleed

Color Space & resolution

Printer driver


Adobe PDF or Distiller for printer description

If color is to bleed, increase paper size


Select the color space you intend for the PDF


Indicate that there will be bleed & where it will be


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Creating PostScript: Printer dialog

Select Adobe PDF or Distiller Adobe PDF Settings are Adobe PDF settings files

(Distiller Job Options)Setting Up Acrobat Distiller to Create

Press-Ready PDFs

The Distiller application converts PostScriptand EPS files into PDF documents

When you use PDFMaker (Windows) or theAcrobat Distiller printer fromthe authoring application,youre using the Distiller tomake the PDF file

Distiller is fast, as fast asmost PostScript RIPsDistiller generates all page

elements as objects without

creating bitmap data

Acrobat Distiller Distiller Main Interface

The last Adobe PDF

Settings selectedshows up in thewindow, along withPDF compatibility

The version ofDistiller and theversion of PostScript

interpreter on whichits based is shown aswell

Distiller 7.0 is setup by default to create PDF files for

six main types of filesSmallest File SizeWeb/handheld , screen viewing

StandardOutpu t to a desktop printer or digital co pier

High QualityHigh qu ality but will still make a PDF even if a

font is missingPress QualityOutput for prin ting press

PDF/X-1aDoes what it says

PDF/X-3Does what it says

PDF/X-Draft

Custom settings can becreated in Settings >Edit Adobe PDF Settings

Distiller PDF Settings Custom Settings for Press-Ready PDFs

For a CMYKworkflow, basecustom PDFSettings forpress on thePDFX/1-a:2001default options


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Distiller 7 PDF SettingsGeneral

Files can be saved asPDF version 1.2, 1.3,1.4, 1.5 or 1.6

Most PS level 3 RIPScan handle 1.5 and 1.6files, but may errorfeatures like JPEG2000compression

Compatibility must beAcrobat 4.0 (PDF 1.3) tobe PDF/X-1a compliantAcrobat 5.0 (PDF 1.4) is OK

when that doesnt matter

Distiller 7General for Press-Quality PDF

Object-LevelCompressionshould be set to Off

Auto-Rotate PagesShould be set to Off

Binding is typicallyset to Left

Resolution shouldbe set to match theoutput

Image Compression

Distiller offers avariety of imagecompressionoptions

ZIP

JPEG

JPEG 2000 (PDF 1.5

or 1.6 only)

CCITT Group 3 or 4

Run Length

ZIP Compression

ZIP works well on images with large areas ofsingle colors orrepeating patterns and forblack-and-white images that contain repeatingpatternsSome programs offer 2 options (i.e. Illustrator)

4-bit and 8-bit ZIP compression

Zip is lossless if you choose:4-bit ZIP compression with 4-bit images

8-bit ZIP compression with 4-bit or 8-bit

Its lossy if you choose

4-bit ZIP compression with 8-bit data

JPEG Compression

JPEG is a lossy compression scheme

Data is lost when images are compressed

If files are compressed too far, artifacting will result

Acrobat offers five levels of compression

Youll probably find that you wont see a differencewith High or even Medium JPEG settings

JPEG Compression Gone Too Far


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JPEG 2000 Compression

JPEG2000 compression is not a replacementfor typicalJPEG

PDF 1.5 or 1.6compatible only

More efficient method

JPEG2000 compression

can be lossless orlossy

Avoid using it!

Many RIPs cannot

understand JPEG2000

compressed PDF files

Automatic Compression

Automatic compression uses ZIP for imageswith sharp transitions and JPEG otherwise

The software makes the decision for you!

To avoid this, change theselection to ZIP

If greater compression is

more important, select

JPEGand a quality level

Sampling Images

Sampling images refer to averaging andremoving pixels from raster images

Resulting in smaller file sizes

Distiller options are

Average

Downsampling

Subsampling

Bicubic

Downsampling

Distiller 7Images for Press-Quality PDF

BicubicDownsampling300 ppi for colorand grayscaleimages

MonochromeImagesset thisto 1200 ppi forimages above1800 ppiUse CCITT Group

4 compression

Font Availability

Distiller must have access to fonts to embedthemwhich it gets from one of two places

The PostScript data being distilled

The fonts available on the system running Distiller

(via Font Locations in Distiller)

Extremely Important Job Option Check!

Embed all fonts inPDF files!


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Font Substitution

Acrobat will substitute a font if the font in thePDF file is not embedded

and if Acrobat cannot find the font on the host system

Creates a substitute font by referencing theMultiple Master font descriptions on the hostsystem (AdobeSerMM and AdobeSanMM)

Font Substitution

Bad!

Good!

Fonts not included in a PDF are also notavailable to the output provider

Substitute fonts dont match the originalprecisely, especially fornon-standard fonts

Font SubstitutionWhats the Problem?

Embedded

Substituted

Font Use and Legality Issues

Like most foundries today, Adobe licensesfonts by computer, a retail license allows youto use a font on up to five computers

A service bureaucan not beconsidered one ofthose users! Youreexpected to buyyour own.

http://www.adobe.com/type/topics/licenseqa.html#q1

Transporting Fonts

Adobes licensing policy on transporting theirtypeface software with print jobs to a servicebureau is this:

You may take a copy of the font(s) you have used

for a particular file to a commercial printer or otherservice bureau, and such service bureau may use

the font(s) to process your file, provided such

service bureau has a valid license to use that

particular font software.

How About Font Embedding In a PDF?

Adobes policy on embedding is this:

Adobe permits embedding certain typefaces into

documents for the purposes ofviewing and printing

only. Documents with embedded typefaces may not

be edited unless those embedded typefaces are

licensed to and installed on the computer doing theediting. The reason for this is thatediting the fileadds value to the file. For this, the customer is

obtaining value from the typefaces and is therefore

required to have a valid license for the typefaces.


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Acrobat 7 Enforces This Rule!

If you dont have the original font on yoursystem, you cannot edit a font in Acrobat 6 or 7

Acrobat 6 & 7 requires you to have the fontinstalled on your system to edit text

Pitstop Pro 6.5 DOES allow text edits using fonts

embedded in a PDF file!!! Changed from vers. 6

Some Fonts Literally Cant Be Embedded

OpenType and TrueType fonts can containphysical restrictions that prevent them frombeing embedded in a PDF fileThis is rare; most foundries realize this type of

sledgehammer restriction makes users avoid theirproduct!

Distiller can show unembeddables!

Navigate toyour font folderfrom Distiller

Fonts window

Any font withlicensingrestrictions willbe displayed

No Embedding Means a No-Good PDF

If you use one of these in a layout and try tocreate a PDF file via Acrobat Distiller, youl lget this message:offending command: cannot embed [font name

here] font due to licensing restriction

Fonts and Subsetting

Subsetting fonts

reduces the PDF filesizeWhen subsetting is

selected, Distiller

includes only the

information required to

draw the characters

(glyphs) actually used

in the PDF file

Glyphs are specific

renderings of fonts,

such as A or A

Subsetting Explained

When fonts are subsetted,

they are renamed with a 6letter prefix & a plus (+) sign

The intention of this is toensure that the original fonts

metrics are used at printtime, not RIP default fonts

The next distilled job with the

same font may (probably will)encode it with a differentrandom name


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Some Fonts Always Subset

Embeddedinstances ofTrueType and CIDfonts will ALWAYSbe subset in PDFfiles, even if you donot check Subset

Embedding and Subsetting guide

Final RecipeFonts for Press-Quality PDF

Embed all fonts

Subset to reducethe file size of thefinal PDF

Adobe-based RIPsalways use thefont in the PDF

And not the fontresident at the RIP

Distiller 7Color Management Policies

Leave ColorUnchangedlets allimages remain in theirrespective color modes

Tag Everything forColor Mgmt (noconversion)embeds an ICC profilewhen distilling fileIf no profiles are present

in images, can assignprofile defined inworking space

One profile used for all

Distiller 7Color Management Policies

Tag Only Images forColor Mgmt (noconversion)same asabove, images only

Convert tosRGBDevicedependent and gamutconstrained, moreconsistent forscreen/online projects

Convert All Colors toCMYKWill convert allcolors to CMYK basedon the CMYK profilechosen

Distiller 7Color Rendering Intent

DefaultRelativeColorimetric

Perceptualpreservescolors relative to oneanother - tone at expense

of accuracy

RelativeColorimetricadjusts thewhite point of the source

space to the white pointof the destination space


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Distiller 7Color Intent

AbsoluteColorimetricmapsout-of-gamut colorsto closest possiblecolor of destinationgamutAccuracy at expense

of tone

SaturationMakescolors moresaturatedGood for pie charts,

bad for four-colorreproduction

Distiller 7Working Spaces

Working Spaceslets the userchoose from theICC profilesavailable on thesystem

Choosing none for

each of these is the

same as setting

Color Management

Policies to Leave

Color Unchanged

Distiller 7Device-Dependent Data

Preserve UCR and BlackGeneration for pass-

through workflow

Transfer Functionsfor special effects from

Photoshop

Preserve HalftoneInfoleave it off unlessusing special effect of

different halftones on oneproject

Distiller 7Color for Press-Quality PDF

Fordevice dependent(CMYK) workflows...

Leave the Settings File

to Color Management Off

This tells Distiller tocreate a PDFUsing DeviceCMYK,

DeviceRGB, or DeviceGray

Can convert colors toCMYK in Distiller 7 (only)

Will do so using Working

Spaces settings here

Distiller 7Color for Press-Quality PDF

Fordevice independent

(RGB) workflows...Tag Everything (or bitmaps

only) for Color Management

This tells Distiller to

create a PDF using ICCBased color space

Profiles can be appliedon output as needed fordifferent devices

Distiller 7Advanced

Convert Gradientsto Smooth Shadesreplaces blendswith PS3 smooth

shadesWill convert blends

from Illustrator 8

through 10, Freehand

10, CorelDraw,

PowerPoint

Does notwork from

QuarkXPress


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PS Level 3s Smooth Shading

The ability to improve blends made inother programs is accomplishedthrough a PS operator called SmoothShadingMost applications create a blend by

creating a multitude of lines or boxes thatare offset slightly with a slightly differentcolors

What appears as a blend is 256 boxes thatall overlap

If the range exceeds 256, youll see banding

Distiller 7 other Advanced settings

Preserve Overprint Settingsallows CMYK colorsoverprint

Save Adobe PDF Settingsinside PDF File will save acopy of the PDF settings in

the created PDF

Good to check

Save Original JPEG Imagesin PDF if PossibleWhenchecked, will not re-

compress JPEG images inPDF

Distiller 7 other Advanced settings

Preserve EPSInformationRetainsoriginal application info

OPI CommentsCheckfor OPI workflowsOPI comments for work

thats not OPI based causesproblems with editing imagefiles in Acrobat

Document StructuringConventionsCheck toretain file informationThis is information can then

be viewed in AcrobatsDocument Summary screen

Distiller 7Standards for

Press-Quality PDF

PDF/X-1a isdesigned for CMYKworkflows

Use PDF/X-3 for

color-managed

workflows

Set to fail when PDF

file does not comply

If it contains RGBimages for example

Saving Those PDF Settings

One of the best ways to ensure that the file orcontent creator and the production facilityreceiving the PDF file are on the same pageis to share the PDF Settings file

Service providers should create these set to theirspecifications and provide them to clients

Adobe PDF Settings Locations

PDF Settings can be found on the Windowsplatform in the following folder:

Acrobat>Distiller>Settings

ForMac OS X, find Distiller 7 PDF Settings here:

Library>Application Support>Adobe PDF>Settings

Distiller 6 PDF Settings are in the User folder:

Users>Shared>Adobe PDF 6>Settings


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Setting Up QuarkXPress to Create

Press-Ready PDFs

The QuarkXPress Export as PDF option

QuarkXPress 6creates a PDFwithout usingDistiller at all!

Quark uses

Global Graphics

Jaws PDF Library

to generate PDFs

PostScript is

generated then

interpreted via

built-in

mechanism

Export to PDFLayout Info

Fields for Title,Object, Author,Keywords are

available here

Information enteredhere will be includedin the PDF file

Can be viewed in the

Document Properties

dialog box

Export to PDFHyperlinks

Any hyperlinks orother navigationalobjects can be

carried through tothe PDF byselecting thesesettings

Not necessary for

press-quality PDFs

Export to PDFJob Options

Font OptionsEmbedding andSubsetting

Compression OptionsAutomatic, ZIP, and

JPEG

JPEG Low here meanslow compression,maximum quality!

CCITT Group 4

Text and Line Artcompression

Export to PDFOutput

TypeColoroutput can becomposite orseparated color

Produce BlankPagesIncludesblank pages formQuarkXPress filein PDF


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Export to PDFOutput

Print ColorsBlack &

WhiteConverts allcolors to solidB&W, not tints

GrayscaleConvertscolor to grayscalewith tints

CMYKOutputsspots as spot,CMYK as CMYK

Does not convertspot to CMYK inthe PDF!

Export to PDFOutput (cont.)

Print ColorsRGBprints spots

as spot, CMYK

images as CMYK,

RGB Images as

RGB, and CMYK

screen builds as

RGB

As Isoutputs colorin the model it is

defined in (for color-

managed workflows)

Export to PDFOutput (cont.)

Print ColorsDeviceNstores spot

color info and theirCMYK equivalents foroutput to CMYK andspot color outputdevices

Remember, DeviceNis only supported byPS level 3 devices

Printing DeviceNspot colors to a level

2 device will outputas CMYK

Export to PDFOutput

RegistrationCentered or OffCenter to includeregister marks inthe PDF

BleedSymmetricfor

same bleedamount on all sides

Asymmetricfordifferent bleeds on

all sides

QuarkXPress 6 and Export to PDF

OPISelect if youare using an OPIworkflow

Otherwise, turn

this off!

QuarkXPress 6 and Export to PDF

Click OK and Saveto create a PDFusing the settingsyouve just created


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QuarkXPress 6 and Export Layout as PDF

You can setdefault optionsunder QuarkPreferences tobe used everytime you create aPDF file

Creating Press-Ready PDFs

in Microsoft Word

Setting Up PrintersWindows

Before creating theWord document,you must first

customize yourprinter

Set the Adobe PDFprinter as thedefault printer

Right-click the icon

and choose Set As

Default

Tweak the Standard Settings

Make sure theDistiller or AdobePDF printer

settings are right!

Right click theAdobe PDF orDistiller icon andgo into Properties

Tweak the Standard Settings

Under the Devicesettings tab, selectConvert Gray Textto PostScript Gray

Setting this to yeswill prevent black textin Microsoft Office

products from being

converted to RGB

This is the default for

the Adobe PDF printer

Preventing RGB Images in PDFs Created

From Microsoft Word

For CMYK bitmapped pictures,save the files in EPS formatThis will allow CMYK color to pass

through into the PDF

Dont draw objects using Wordtools, they will convert to RGBInstead, import graphics from an

illustration application

Placed Illustrator EPS files willmaintain CMYK and spot colordesignations


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Creating Press-Ready PDFs

Using Virtual Printer and Preview

in Mac OS X

Setting Up PrintersMac OS X

Using the Preview application in Mac OS X,you can convert any PostScript file to PDF

To print PostScript to disk in Mac OS X, youmust first create a virtual printer

Step 1: Open the

Print Center

Step 2: Select Add

in the Printer List

dialog box

Creating a Virtual Printer In OS X

Step 3: In the Printer Listdialog box, select IP Printingfrom the pull down menu

Step 4: In the PrintersAddress field, type in theword localhost

Step 5: Type inVirtualPrinter in the QueueName field

Step 6: In the Printer Modelpull down menu, selectGeneric

Step 7: Click the Add button

Converting the PostScript to PDF

Using the Previewapplication, select thePostScript file you have

printed to disk

The preview applicationwill convert thePostScript file to PDF

From the Preview

application, save the PDF

file to disk

Creating PDFs Direct from Application

Now lets move on to look at some ways tocreate PDF files that do not involve PostScript

Setting Up InDesign to Create

Press-Ready PDFs


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InDesign and Export to PDF

Adobe InDesign also hasthe ability to create PDFfiles without usingAcrobat Distiller

InDesign uses Adobes PDF

Library to generate PDFs

You can create variousPDF styles for differenttypes of output

InDesign PDF Styles

InDesign ship withPDF settings outof the box

You can alsocreate your owncustom settings

Click New

InDesign PDF StyleGeneral

Define pagerange

Set AcrobatCompatibility

Acrobat 6=PDF

1.5 thru PDF 1.3

Make sure toselect View PDFafter Exporting

InDesign PDF StyleCompression

Compressionoptions are thesimilar to whatyou will find inDistiller

No JPEG 2000

here as found in

Distiller

InDesign PDF StyleMarks & Bleeds

Add printers

marks if needed

Indicate bleedSet appropriate value

here or check Use

Document BleedSettings if bleed

was indicated in

Document Setup

Slug Area refers to

white space around

page to hold printers

marks

InDesign PDF StyleAdvanced

Color

Leave Unchanged,

RGB, or CMYK

Fonts

InDesign respects

embeddingrestrictions

OPIDo not check unless

using a true OPI

workflow

TransparencyFlattener options


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InDesign PDF StyleAdvanced

TransparencyFlattenerTransparency is

retained in PDF ifAcrobat 5 or 6(PDF 1.4 or 1.5)Compatibility isselected

Transparencymust be flattenedfor Acrobat 4(PDF 1.3)Compatibility

InDesign PDF StyleSummary

Check theSummary tomake sure thatall of yoursettings arecorrect

Save yoursettings forfuture use

Beware of Transparency problems

Using these effects in Adobe CS productswill result in transparent objects in a PDF file

Feather

Drop Shadow

Opacity

Blending

Which pages contain transparency?

InDesign Pageswindow will showwhich pages containtransparent objectsby displaying acheckerboard

pattern in the pagelayout window

Live Transparency vs Flattening

Keep it live

Within Adobe suite ofgraphic productiontools, transparency ismaintained (even inplaced illustrations) andobjects can be freelymoved about

Files will be smaller

Before printing, willhave to be flattened atsome point Because PostScript

doesnt understandtransparency!

Flatten it

Flattened objects will beraster or vectordepending on flatteningoptions chosen in

application

Redraw/display is slower

PDF files will be larger

Will work better to olderoutput devices (manyhave trouble withtransparency)

Transparency Flattening

When you print from

InDesign or export aPDF for Acrobat 4(PDF 1.3) compatibilitytransparent effects

must be flattened There are 3 default

flattening styles andyou can create yourown custom styles


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Custom Flattening Tip: On custom flattening

Using High Resolutionsetting may result inlonger processing, butkeeps PDF closest tooriginal

As slider moves to left,more objects will berasterized (into images);better for older RIPs

Text can be converted tooutlines to avoid it beingrasterized

Keep text on top layers inlayout to preventrasterization

Transparency & PDF from InDesign

From InDesign, exporting a flattened Acrobat4 (PDF 1.3) PDF file can result in a muchlarger file than the same file exported as an

Acrobat 5, 6 (PDF 1.4, 1.5) file

Flattened images can be raster and/or vector

Flattening can tear images to pieces!

Flattened PDFs from InDesign can results inimages being stitched or chopped into pieces

Makes late-stage image editing impossible

Chopped images an ugly example

Printer requested theirclients always exportInDesign work as PDF1.3 (with transparencyflattened). This projectwas designed inInDesign 2.01

This is a PDF of aparticular projectas viewed inAcrobat 6 Pro

Chopped images an ugly example

Viewed with Pitstop ProWireframe mode

Each image is actuallymade up of dozens ofchopped up images,

created during theflattening process!

If prepress prints thiswith image trappingapplied, small hairlinescan show up betweeneach chunk of image!


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Display refresh nightmare!

Screen refresh forthis file can bemeasured in minutes

on a G4! Using Mac OSX ColorSync to create

Press-Ready PDFs?

OS X Save as PDF might = RGB

On Mac OS X, any printwindow offers theSave as PDF option

If you dont createcustom settings forthis option usingColorSync, you willalways get RGB colorsin PDF files createdthis way!

Save As PDF via

Mac OSX Quartz Filter

PostScript-to-PDF via

Quark 6 Export

CMYK imageis high res

and in correctcolor space

Image wasconverted to

RGB and is lowresolution


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Customize ColorSync filters

You must use theColorSync Utilityto create filters toget CMYK colorusing this method

ColorSync filterscan include colorconversion,compression andPDF/X-3compliance

Using the filter

The filter is used whenyou select it along withusing Save as PDF

Only available throughnon-DTP applications

Does ColorSync make quality PDFs?

You will apply ICC profiles to all images

You can convert images to CMYK

You can embed fonts

BUT

Duotones and spot colors dont work

EPS graphics will be low resolution in PDF

It doesnt work with desktop publishingapplications

Duotoneconverted to

CMYK imagewith ColorSync

method! Its alsolow resolution!

Duotone

converted toCMYK

image

Duotone, placed inWord as an EPS

image, remained in2 colors when PDF

created with Distiller

Instant PDF automates PDF creation

Desktop tool thatmerges PDF preflight,correction and creation

www.enfocus.com


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Instant PDF in action Wrap up

Weve looked at ways to create print-readyPDF files using PostScript to PDF interpretersand direct export methods

If you follow the recipes weve discussed, youare ready to create quality PDF files for printproduction!

Go back to work and get started!

Thanks for Attending!

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