“Conventional & non conventionalSources of energy “

GUIDED BY

BINA MAM

‘’Conventional Sources Of Energy ’’

‘‘Traditional sources of energy’’

WHICH ARE EXHAUSTAIBLE

AND ARE FORMED IN NATURE AFTER MILLION OF YEAR THESE ARE ALSO

CALLEDTHE TRADITIONAL

SOURCES OF ENERGY .

EXAMPLE – OIL , NATURAL GAS ,

FIRE WOOD , COAL , etc.

THE REMAINS OF PREHISTORIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS WHICH GOT BURIED DEEP INSIDE THE EARLY MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO AND CHANGED INTO FUEL DUE TO EXCESS OF HEAT AND HIGH PRESSURE INSIDE THE EARTH ARE CALLED FOSSIL FUELS .

Fossil fuels -

Advantages of fossilfuels

1 . VERY LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY CAN BE GENRATED IN

A PLACE USING COAL FAIRLY

CHEAPLY .2. TRANSPORTING OIL AND GAS TO

POWER STATIONS IS EASY .

3 . GAS – FIRED POWER STATIONS

ARE VERY EFFICIENT .

Disadvantages of Fossil fuels

1 . BURNING OF

FOSSIL FUEL CAUSES AIR POLLUTION .

2 . GREENHOUSE GASES LIKE CO2

ARE RELEASED ON BURNING FOSSIL

FUELS .3 . FOSSIL FUELS ARE NOT BURNT

COMPLETELY . THEY LEAVE ASHES AFTER

BURNING .

IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS , FUEL IS

BURNT TO PRODUCE HEAT ENERGY

WHICH IS CONVERT INTO ELETRICAL

ENERGY .LARGE AMOUNT OF FOSSIL FUELS ARE BURNT IN POWER

STATIONS TO HEAT UP WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM WHICH FURTHER

RUNS THE TURBINE TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY .

THERMAL POWER - PLANT

working

The kinetic energy of the flowing water get converted into potential

energy and the water reservoir

is kept at a high so that

when the water is allowed to flow from a

high the kinetic energy of the water is converted into

electrical energy.

Hydro power plant -

Advantages of hydroelectricity

1 . No environmental pollution . 2 .Construction of dams helps in controlling flood and irrigation.

3 . The cost is less.

Disadvantages of hydroelectricity

1 .Construction of dams lead to ecological damage.2. Decreases soil fertility in the down stream area.3. Creates the problem of rehabilitation of displaced people.

1 . No environmental pollution . 2 .Construction of dams helps in controlling flood and irrigation.

3 . The cost is less.

Advantages of hydroelectricity

IMPORTANT HYDRO ELECTRICITY PROJECTS

1 .BHAKRA NANGALPROJECT ON SATLUJ.

2.HIRAKUD PROJECTON MAHANADI .

3.NAGARJUNA SAGARON KRISHNA .

4. URI HYDRO ELECTRICITY PROJECT

ON JHELUM.

Bio gas plant - BIO MASSThe waste

material of the living things and dead part of the plant and animal

is called bio-mass.

BIO GASIt is a mixture of 75% methane ,HydrogenSulphide,CO2 &HydrogenProduce by the decomposition of animal waste like animal dung or plant waste in the absence of air.It is also known as go bar gas.

ADVANTAGES OF BIO GAS

1 . IT BURNS WITHOUT SMOKE , THEREFORE

CAUSES LESS POLLUTION .

2 . ITS CALORIFIC VALUE IS HIGH .

3 . IT IS CONVENIENT TO USE AND LEAVE NO

RESIDUE .

USES OF BIO GAS

1 . IT IS USED FOR GENERATING

ELECTRICITY .

2 . IT IS USED TO RUN ENGINES AND PUMPING SETS .

3 . IT IS AN DOMESTIC FUEL FOR COOKING AS

WELL AS IN INDUSTRIES .

WIND ENERGY - MOVING AIR IS

CALLED WIND . AS THE MOVING

OBJECTS POSSES KINETIC ENERGY

AND AS SUCH THEY ARE CAPIABLE OF

DOING MECHANICAL BY VIRTUE OF ITS

MOTION . THE ENERGY POSSESSED

BY THE WIND IS DUE TO ITS

HIGH SPEED .

1 . IT IS AN ENVIROMENT – FRIENDLY AND

EFFICIENT SOURCES OF RENEWABLE

ENERGY .

2 . IT REQUIRES NO RECURRING EXPENSES FOR THE PRODUCTION

OF ELECTRICITY .

3 . IT DO NOT CAUSES POLLUTION .

ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY DENMARK

DENMARK IS CALLED COUNTRY OF WINDS.

MORE THAN 25 % OF THEIR

ELECTRICITY NEEDS ARE GENERATED

THROUGH A VAST NETWORK OF WIND

MILLS.

‘’Non Conventional Sources of Energy ‘’

‘’Alternative sources of energy ‘’

Alternative energy sources are inexhaustible and are thought to be "free" energy sources. They all have lower carbon emissions, compared to conventional energy sources.

These include  Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy , wave energyEtc.

IT IS THE ENERGY FROM THE SUN . IT PROVIDES ALL OF US HEAT AND

LIGHT .

SOLAR RADITIONS MOSTLY CONSIST OF

1 . ULTRAVIOLET RAYS 2 . VISIBLE RAYS

3 . INFRARED RAYS . Solar devices are

1 . Solar cooker .2 . Solar cell .

3 . Solar panel .Etc.

SOLAR ENERGY -

ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY

1.It does not Causes any pollution.

2.It is available Free of cost .

3. It is available in Abundance in

hot Countries likeours.

Limitation of Solar energy

It is not availableIn night.

It is not availableOn a cloudy day.It is not availableUniformly all the Time and at all

Places .

Due to attraction of moon on sea water , water surface rise and falls, thus the waves are formed , these waves are called tidal wave . And energy possessed by rising and falling water tides known as tidal energy .

Tidal energy -

Wave Energy -DUE TO BLOWING OF

WIND ON THE SURFACE OF OCEAN

VERY FASTSEA WAVES ARE

GNERATED . WHICH HAVE A LOT OF

KINETIC ENERGY IN THEM .

THIS ENERGY , WITH THE HELPOF VARIOUS

DEVICES CAN BE USED TO ROTATE THE

TURBINE OF GENERATOR

AND ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED .

Geo Thermal energy - THE HEAT FROM INTERIOR OF THE

EARTH CAN BE UTILISED AS A

SOURCE OF ENERGY UNDER CERTAIN

FAVORABLE CONDITION

THAT ARE CREATED BY NATURAL PROCESSES .

THIS IS KNOWN AS GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY . IT IS ONE OF THE SOURCE OF

ENERGY WHICH DO NOT COME DIRECTLY

OR INDIRECTLY

Nuclear energy - ENERGY CONTAINED IN THE NUCLEUS OF ATOMS IS CALLED

NUCLEAR ENERGY . IT IS RELEASED DURING NUCLEAR REACTION .

A REACTION IN WHICH COMPOSITION

OF THE REACTING NUCLEI CHANGES TO

FORM NEW ELEMENTS WITH A

SIMULTANEOUS RELEASE OF LARGE

AMOUNT OF ENERGY IS CALLED A

NUCLEAR REACTION .

NUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FUSIONThe reaction in which

A heavy nucleus Splits into two /

More smaller nucleusWith the evolutionOf large amount ofEnergy when it is Bombarded slow

Moving electrons isCalled nuclear fission

A reaction in which Two / more lighter

Nuclei fuse to form A heavy nucleus and

Large amount of energy given

out is called nuclear fusion

reaction .

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NUCLEAR FISSION

CONCLUSION -

CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

Fossil fuels are the major sources of conventional energies. At present, many countries are overly dependent on fossil fuels to meet their requirement for power. The known reserves of fossil fuels have depleted to a large extent due to its continued use. If it continues, there is risk of complete exhaustion of these sources of energy.

NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

Nuclear energy plants need to be implemented  with proper caution and care. Any accidental leakage in nuclear power plants may lead to severe hazardous condition. will have to focus on alternative energy

sources, especially renewable energy sources, and make them more effective.

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