control studio

8/8/2019 Control Studio

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Published by:New Wave Concepts Limited

St. Andrews House59 St. Andrews StreetCambridge CB2 3BZwww.new-wave-concepts.com

Issue 3, April 2003

Copyright 2001-2003New Wave Concepts Limited

All rights reserved. This book is copyrightmaterial but permission is granted to makephotocopies of pages for classroom use providedthat the copies are used exclusively within apurchasing institution. No other reproduction,storage in a retrieval system or transmission inany form or by any means may be made withoutprior permission from the copyright holder.


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he purpose of this book is to introduce theprinciples of problem solving with electronics.

It assumes no previous knowledge ofelectronics and the worksheets provided arephotocopiable within the purchasing educationinstitution. Teachers are free to adapt them to suittheir circumstances.

Before attempting the first chapter, pupils arerequired to be familiar with Control Studio. This canbe achieved by working through the quickstartsheets in Appendix A.

Once up to speed with Control Studio, pupils canwork through the two main chapters in this book.Chapter 1 has been designed to provide a groundingin systems thinking and to teach how electronicsystems function. Chapter 2 builds on this by askingthe reader to apply their knowledge to solvedifferentiated real-world problems. Data sheets areprovided in Appendix B as an aid.

Some pupils may wish to make some of the designsfeatured in this book. For this purpose, Control

Studio can be linked with PCB Wizard software tomanufacture printed circuit boards.

Electronic Systems with Control Studio will providepupils with a practical introduction to electronics,helping them place the subject in context to theeveryday world. It offers a course that will helpmotivate pupils and get them immediately involvedin using a systems approach to solve real lifeproblems. We hope the simple, prescriptive natureof this book will also aid those teachers who areteaching electronics for the first time.

Electronic Systems with Control Studio 3

Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com

Introduction

T


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1 Investigating systems 5

Systems 7

Inputs - Switches 10

Inputs - Sensors 12

Inputs - Pulses 15

Outputs 16

Processes - Logic 18

Processes - Bistables 24

Processes - Counting 25

Processes - Timing 28

2 Problem solving tasks 29

Burglar alarm 31

Fire fighting 32

Baby monitor 33

Lighthouse 34

Stopwatch 35

Spin drier 36

Greenhouse 37Traffic control 38

Factory safety 39

Airlock 40

Appendix A Quickstart 41

Appendix B Data sheets 47

Appendix C Worksheets 53



Contents


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Systems

InvestigatingSystems1


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Systems


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What is a system?

A system is a collection of interconnected parts orsubsystems each of which performs a specific task.

There are many examples of systems in the realworld. A burglar alarm, for example, could beconsidered as a system.

Think of more examples of systems in your home.

Modelling a system

Each system is typically modelled using input-process-output and is often shown using a blockdiagram like the one below.

input subsystems, such as switches or sensors,represent physical signals from the outside world.

process subsystems change or combine signalsfrom the input subsystems, for example countingor timing.

output subsystems, such as motors or relays,use an actuator to change electronic signals fromthe process subsystems into physical signals.

arrows between the subsystems represent signalsmoving through the system.



Systems


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Modelling systems w ith Control

StudioControl Studio is a tool for modelling electronicsystems on a computer.

Consider a light switch in your home. It could berepresented by the following block diagram:

In Control Studio, the light switch system could bemodelled as:

In this example, a switch acts as an input, thetransistor processes the signal and the bulb acts asthe output.

Each of these blocks is a subsystem.

Connectors between blocks allow the signal to passthrough each subsystem.



Systems

Signal

Connector

Signals hold information passing through a system.

In Control Studio, signals are represented by Connectors

between the subsystems.


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There are two types of signal, digital andanalogue.

Digital signals can be either high or low, dependingon whether the signal is on or off. Often high isrepresented by a 1 and low is represented by a 0.

Join a Switch Unit and a Connector together asshown below.

Press the switch for a short period. You will noticethe signal level shown on the Connector goes on andthe LED lights up. This is a high digital signal.

This signal goes off when you release the switch.This is a low digital signal.

Analogue signals can be high, low or any value inbetween.

Now connect a Light Sensor to a Sensor Unit andplace a Connector to the right of the Sensor Unit:

Move the slider on the Light Sensor up and down.You will notice that the signal level shown on theConnector varies accordingly.

This is an analogue signal.



Systems

High

time

signalvoltage

Low

High

time

signal

voltage

Low

Dig i ta l s igna l

Ana logue s igna l

Low to high

High to low

Changing

Low to high

High to low

Changing

SignalLevel

Switch LED


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Construct the circuit diagram below.

Try pressing the switch. Does the Bulb turn on oroff?

Look at the Connector to the right of the switch. Isthe signal high or low when you press the switch?

Replace the Switch Unit with a Latching Switchconnected to a Sensor Unit.

Press the Latching Switch. Does the Bulb turn on oroff?

Press the Latching Switch again. Does the Bulb turnon or off?

Describe how the Latching Switch works.



Inputs

Switches are used to detect when something happens.

They produce a digital output signal that is either on oroff (1 or 0).

There are several types of switches in Control Studioincluding a Push Switch, Reed Switch and Tilt Switch.

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

RECORD

RECORD

Latching Switch

subsystem

Switch Unitsubsystem

Sw i t ch es

Push Switchcircuit symbol

Latching Switchcircuit symbol


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Replace the Latching Switch with a Tilt Switch.

Move the slider upwards to increase the tilt. Doesthe Bulb turn on or off?

Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?

Move the slider downwards to decrease the tilt.Does the Bulb turn on or off?


Describe a situation where a Tilt Switch could beused.

Replace the Tilt Switch with a Reed Switch.

Move the slider upwards to move the magnet closer.Does the Bulb turn on or off?


Move the slider downwards to move the magnetaway. Does the Bulb turn on or off?


Describe how the Reed Switch works.

Name a situation where a Reed Switch could beused.



Inputs

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5

11.6

11.7

11.8

11.9

11.10

11.11

RECORD

RECORD

Tilt Switchsubsystem

Reed Switchsubsystem

Sw i t ch es


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Construct the circuit below.

Move the slider upwards to increase the light level.What happens to the Bulb?

Move the slider downwards to decrease the lightlevel. What happens to the Bulb?

Does the Bulb light up gradually or switch oninstantly?

Is the light sensor analogue or digital?

The signal produced by the Light Sensoris shown in the Connector to the right ofthe Sensor Unit.

Move the slider up and down to see how the signalbargraph changes.

Suggest three uses for a Light Sensor.



Inputs

Sensors are used to detect changes in their surroundings.

They produce an analogue signal that varies dependingon the reading detected.

There are a range of sensors available in Control Studio,such as a Light Sensor, Moisture Sensor and TemperatureSensor.

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

RECORD

RECORD

Light Sensorsubsystem

Sensors


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We can see a graph of the input signal from theLight Sensor by adding an Oscilloscope and graph to

the circuit.

Adjust the slider upwards and downwards and drawa graph of the signal.

Try inserting a Comparator into the circuit betweenthe Sensor Unit and the Transistor.

Add a second wire from the Oscilloscope to the linkon the Connector between the Comparator andTransistor.

As you adjust the slider onthe Light Sensor, theOscilloscope graph willshow two readings: ananalogue input signal anda digital process signal.

Draw a graph of eachsignal.



Inputs

A Comparator can be used with sensors to convert theanalogue signal into a digital signal.

13.1

13.2

RECORD

RECORD

Comparatorsubsystem

Sensors


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Replace the Light Sensor with a Moisture Sensor.

Move the slider upwards and downwards to adjust

the moisture level.

Investigate how the Moisture Sensor works with andwithout a Comparator. You can do this be looking atthe Connector signal bargraph or by using anOscilloscope.

Is the Moisture Sensor analogue or digital?

Suggest three uses for a Moisture Sensor.

Replace the Moisture Sensor with a TemperatureSensor.

Move the slider upwards and downwards to adjustthe temperature.

Investigate how the Temperature Sensor works withand without a Comparator.

Is the Temperature Sensor analogue or digital?

Suggest three uses for a Temperature Sensor.



Inputs

14.1

14.2

14.3

14.4RECORD

RECORD

Moisture Sensorsubsystem

TemperatureSensor subsystem

Sensors


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Construct the following circuit.

Describe the output produced by the Buzzer.

Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Whathappens to the output from the Buzzer?

Turn the dial of the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. Whathappens to the output from the Buzzer?

What does the dial on the Pulse Unit do?

Suggest two situations where the above circuit couldbe used.

Now replace the Buzzer with a Bulb.

Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise andanticlockwise.

Suggest two situations where a circuit like this couldbe used.



Inputs

A Pulse subsystem can be used to automatically generate

on/off digital pulses.

15.1

15.2

15.3

15.4

15.5

15.6

RECORD

RECORD

Pulsesubsystem

Pulses


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When you press the switch, the Bulb lights up.

Suggest three uses for a Bulb output subsystem.

Replace the Bulb with a Buzzer.

Press the switch and the Buzzer will sound.

Suggest three uses for a Buzzer output subsystem.

Replace the Buzzer with an LED.

Press the switch and the LED will light up.

Suggest a system where an LED could be usedinstead of a Bulb.



Outputs

16.1

16.2

RECORD

RECORD

16.3

RECORD

Output subsystems change electronic signals into physical

signals. The Bulb, for example, converts an electronicsignal into light.

There are a range of different output subsystems inControl Studio, such as a Bulb, Buzzer, LED and Motor.


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The circuits you have constructed so far have allincluded the Transistor subsystem as their driver.

This subsystem provides enough power to drive theBulb, Buzzer and LED outputs.

These are known as low power outputs.

Replace the Buzzer with a Motor.

Press the switch. You will notice that the Motor doesnot turn.

Replace the Transistor with a Darlington driver.

Press the switch again. The Motor should now turn.

Replace the Motor with a Solenoid. Investigate whathappens to the Solenoid when it is driven by aTransistor driver and a Darlington driver.

Swap the Solenoid with a Relay and repeat theabove investigation.

Are the Relay and Solenoid subsystems low poweror high power outputs?



Outputs

The Motor does not turn because it requires more power

to drive it than the Transistor can provide. The Motor isan example of a high power output.

Outputs require a driver subsystem to power them. You

should always include a driver in your system.

17.1

RECORD

Darlingtonsubsystem

Transistorsubsystem


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The Inverter is a simple logic gate. It is also knownas the NOT gate.


Press the switch. Is the Bulb on or off?

Describe how the Inverter works.

The function of an Inverter can be represented by atruth table. Truth tables show the inputs andoutputs of logic gates, with 0 for a low (off) signaland 1 for a high (on) signal.

Complete the truth table for an Inverter.



I nput Output

0 ?

1 ?

Inverter (NOTgate) subsystem

Processes

Electronic products, such as watches and computers,

function by making decisions. These decisions are madeusing logic gates.

Logic gates are so called because they may be openedand closed to signals.

Logic gates take digital input signals (0 or 1), processthem and produce a digital output signal. The outputsignal depends on the state (0 or 1) of the input signals.

Inverter (NOT

gate) circuitsymbol

18.1

18.2

18.3

RECORD

RECORD

Log ic


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Modify your previous circuit by replacing the ANDgate with an OR gate.

Your circuit should now look like this:

Try pressing switch A. Is the Bulb on or off?

Try pressing switch B. Is the Bulb on or off?

Try pressing switch A and switch B together. Is theBulb on or off?

Describe how the OR gate works.

The function of an OR gate can be represented by atruth table, with 0 for a low (off) signal and 1 for ahigh (on) signal.

Complete the truth table for an OR gate.



OR gatesubsystem

sw itch A sw itch B Bulb

0 0 ?

0 1 ?

1 0 ?

1 1 ?

Processes

You can replace the AND gate subsystem block bydragging the OR gate on top of the AND gate.

OR gatecircuit symbol

20.1

20.2

20.3

20.4

20.5

switch A

switch B

RECORD

RECORD

Log ic


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The NAND gate is equivalent to an AND gatefollowed by an Inverter.


Describe how the NAND gate works.

Try pressing the switches and complete the truth

table for a NAND gate.

Suggest one situation in which a NAND gate couldbe used.



NAND gatesubsystem


0 0 ?

0 1 ?

1 0 ?

1 1 ?

Processes

=

NAND gate

circuit symbol

21.1

21.3

21.2RECORD

RECORD

switch A

switch B

Logic


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The NOR gate is equivalent to an OR gate followedby an Inverter.


Describe how the NOR gate works.

Try pressing the switches and complete the truth

table for a NOR gate.

Suggest one situation in which a NOR gate could be

used.



NOR gatesubsystem


0 0 ?

0 1 ?

1 0 ?

1 1 ?

Processes

=

NOR gatecircuit symbol

22.1

22.3

22.2RECORD

RECORD

switch A

switch B

Log ic


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The XOR gate is an exclusive OR logic gate.


Try pressing the switches and complete the truthtable for an XOR gate.

Describe how the XOR gate works.

Suggest one situation in which an XOR gate could beused.



XOR gatecircuit symbol

23.1

23.2

23.3

RECORD

RECORD

Processes

Logic

XOR gatesubsystem


0 0 ?

0 1 ?

1 0 ?

1 1 ?

switch A

switch B


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Press the switch for a short while. You will noticethat the Bulb lights while the switch is held down.

What happens to the Bulb when you release theswitch?

Insert a Positive Latch subsystem in your circuit

between the Switch Unit and the Transistor.

Your circuit will now look like this:

Press switch A. What happens to the Bulb when yourelease the switch?

Press switch B. You will notice that the Bulb goesout. What function does switch B perform?

Describe how the bistable works.

Suggest two situations where a bistable could be

used.



Latch (Bistable)subsystem

Often in electronic systems it is useful to remember when

something has happened.

This can be done using a bistable, often known as alatch. The bistable accepts a digital signal andremembers its state (which can be either 0 or 1).

Processes

24.2

24.1

24.3

switch A

switch B

RECORD

RECORD

Bistable circuit

Bis tab les

24.4

24.5


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Counting systems are always digital and they countdigital pulses.

Pulses can come from switches, sensors and pulse

generators.


Press the switch. What happens to the Counter?

Now replace the Debounced Switch with a LightSensor connected to a Sensor Unit.

Also, as the Light Sensor produces an analoguesignal, we need to add a Comparator between theSensor Unit and the Counter.

Move the slider upwards. What happens to theCounter?

Move the slider downwards. What happens now tothe Counter?

Write a sentence to describe how the Counterworks.



Processes

Electronic systems often need to count how many times

something happens. A digital clock, for example, countsthe minutes and hours during the day.

The Counter keeps track of the number of times its inputsignal goes from low (0) to high (1).

25.1

25.2

25.3

25.4

Countersubsystem

RECORD

RECORD

Coun t i ng


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What happens to the Counter when you press theswitch?

The Pulse Unit is often used with a Counter to makeit count automatically.

Replace the Switch Unit with a Pulse Unit.

Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Whathappens to the Counter?

Turn the dial of the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. What

happens to the Counter?

We can see a graph of the pulses by adding anOscilloscope and graph to the circuit.



Pulsesubsystem

Processes

The reason the Counter stops working properly is because

the Counter needs a clean input signal. When a normalswitch is pressed, the metal contacts bounce producingseveral very quick on and off pulses. The DebouncedSwitch prevents this from happening.

26.1

26.2

26.3

RECORD

RECORD

Coun t i ng


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Add an Oscilloscope and graph to your circuit.

Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Draw agraph of the pulses.

Now turn the dial on the Pulse Unit anticlockwise.Draw a graph of the pulses.


What happens to the Counter when the switch is notpressed?

Press the switch. Now what happens to the Counter?

Describe how the circuit works.



Processes

27.1

27.2

27.3

27.4

27.5

Logic gates are sometimes used to control the flow ofpulses to a Counter.

RECORD

RECORD

Coun t i ng


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Press the switch. You will notice that the Bulb stayson for a short time after you have released theswitch.

Turn the dial anticlockwise. Is the time delayincreased or decreased?

Turn the dial clockwise. Is the time delay increasedor decreased?

See what happens when you replace the Bulb with aBuzzer.

We can see a graph of the delayed signals by addingan Oscilloscope and graph to the circuit.

Draw a graph of the input signal and a graph of thedelayed output signal.

Adjust the dial and investigate what happens to thetwo signals shown on the Oscilloscope graph.



Processes

For many purposes it is useful to make something happen

for a fixed period of time.

The Delay unit can be used to create a delay in yourcircuit. It takes a digital input signal and produces adelayed digital output signal.

28.1

28.2

28.3

RECORD

RECORD

Delaysubsystem

Tim in g


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Problem

SolvingTasks

Tasks

2


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The system needs to detect when there is a weightpressed on the carpet.

First consider the inputs. Do you think a sensor or aswitch should be used?

Now think about a suitable output for the system,remembering it needs to generate a sound.

Which driver provides enough power for the outputyou have chosen?

Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.

Model the system in Control Studio and test it worksas you described in question D2.

Modify your design so that the alarm stays on for ashort time after the burglar has been detected.(Hint: the inputs and outputs will stay the same, butyou need to think how the processing of the inputswill change.)

Draw a block diagram for your solution.

Model the system in Control Studio and test itworks.

Extend your design so that the alarm only soundswhen it is nighttime.


Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.



D1

E1E2

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Extension

Design

Tasks

Burglar Alarm

You have been asked to design aburglar alarm system for a house.

A pressure pad is to be placed undera carpet. An alarm should soundwhen someone steps on the carpet.

A1


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Consider which type of input sensor could be usedto detect a fire.

Which output would you use?

Which driver provides enough power for the output?



The system should continue putting the fire out untilit is manually reset. Modify your existing design toachieve this.



Improve your design further to detect both smokeand heat.

Draw a block diagram for your solution and describehow it works.




Fire Fighting

A local company has asked you todesign a fire security system.

The system should detect whenthere is a fire and operate asolenoid to open a water pump.

Tasks

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advanced

extension

Extension

Design

A1


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The system needs to detect temperature. Whichtype of input sensor should be used?

Now think about a suitable output that could beused as an alarm.




The couple want you to design a new system whichsounds an alarm if the babys nappy is wet.

Consider the inputs and outputs for the system andthen draw a block diagram.

Describe how your solution will work.


Combine the two systems together that you havedesigned so far to sound an alarm if the baby getstoo hot or its nappy needs changing.





Baby Monitor

A young couple want you todesign a system to monitortheir baby while it is sleeping.It should sound an alarm ifthe baby becomes too hot.

Tasks

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Extension

Design

A1


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Consider whichinput you woulduse to detectwhen it is dark.

Think about a suitable output for the system.




You have been asked by the lighthouse keeper toimprove your design so that the light flashes on andoff. (Hint: You will need logic to solve this problem.)



Improve your design further so that it can becontrolled by an on/off switch.

Draw a block diagram for your system and describehow it works.




Lighthouse

Design an automatic controlsystem for a lighthouse thatswitches the light on when itgets dark.

Tasks

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Extension

Design

A1


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The stopwatch needs to count up in seconds.Consider a suitable input that can do this.

Next, think about an output that will act as asuitable display. (Hint: the subsystem you needcombines processing and output.)



Modify your design so that the stopwatch onlycounts when you press a button. (Hint: You need toconsider adding logic to your system.)


Model your system in Control Studio to make sure itworks properly.

The system you have designed stops counting as

soon as you let go of the switch. Improve it so thatthe stopwatch keeps counting when you release theswitch. You will also need to be able to stop thestopwatch counting.





Tasks

Stopwatch

You have been askedto design a stopwatchdisplay for your localathletics club.

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advanced

extension

Extension

Design

A1


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Consider a suitableinput to the system.

Which type of outputcould be used to spinthe clothes?




The clothes take a while to dry. Modify your systemso that the drier keeps spinning for a period afteryou have pressed the button.



Improve your design so that it stops automaticallywhen the clothes are dry.





Spin Drier

Design a simple spin drier system.

It should dry clothes inside the spindrier when you press a switch.

Tasks

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Extension

Design

A1


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Consider which input to use in order to detect whenthe soil becomes dry.

Now think about a suitable output for the system,remembering that it needs to pump water.



Model the system in Control Studio and test it works

as you described in question D2.

The gardener is worried that watering the plants inthe daytime may cause the leaves to be scorched.The plants should only be watered at night.



The gardener now wishes to conserve water. Modifyyour design so that the water is only pumpedintermittently.





Tasks

Greenhouse

A gardener wants to install anautomatic watering system inhis greenhouse. The soil mustnot be allowed to become dry.

Design a suitable system to dothis.

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Extension

Design

A1


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Consider a suitable input to thesystem.

Which type of output could beused to illuminate the sign?

Which driver would be suitable to power the output?

Draw a block diagram of your system and describehow it works.

Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks as you described in question D2.

Modify your design so that it automatically controlsthe flow of traffic. Use a green LED subsystem torepresent a green GO sign.

Draw a block diagram of your solution.


Your solution has proved dangerous. Improve it to

include a red STOP sign as well as a green GOsign (Hint: this is a tough one!).

Draw a block diagram of your solution.




Traffic Control

Design a system to control theflow of a single lane of traffic. A

GO sign should light up when aworkman presses a switch.

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Extension

Design

A1

Tasks


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First consider the inputs.Which type of switch orsensor would you use?

Think about a suitable output for the system.

Finally consider how it will be possible to detectwhen it is safe to operate the motor.



Extend your system so that the drill automaticallystops when it becomes too hot.



Modify your design further so that the drillautomatically stops and an alarm sounds when itgets too hot. (Hint: this is a tough one!).





Tasks

Factory Safety

You have been asked to design a safetycontrol system for a drilling machine in alocal factory.

A drill motor is controlled by an on/offswitch. The motor should only operatewhen the safety guard is down.

D1

E1

E2

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Extension

Design

A1


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Think about which input you will use to detect when

a switch is pressed.Use a solenoid to control the lock on the door. Thedoor opens when the arm on the solenoid movesdown.

Consider which subsystem you can use to keep thedoor open for a short period.

Which driver provides enough power for use withthe solenoid?



Now design a new system to control an airlock.There are two doors, an inner door and an outerdoor, each controlled by a switch. The solenoid lockfor each door should only open when the switch ispressed and the other door is closed.





Tasks

Airlock

You have been asked to design adoor in a spacecraft that openswhen you press a switch. Thedoor should open long enoughfor you to climb through beforeit closes automatically.

D1

A1

A2

D2

D3

Advancedextension

Design

Hint:this isa verytoughone!


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Appendix AQuickstartA

Quickstart


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Quickstart


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Quickstart

Drawing systems circuits1Systems are modelled by joining subsystem blocks together.

Using the Gallery

Adding subsystem blocks

You can add subsystem blocks to your designsby using the Gallery.

1 Click on the Gallery button.

2 The Gallery window will then appear.

You will see a series of buttons calledinput, process, output and so on.

Click on one of these buttons to see thesubsystem blocks in that group.

You can always click onthe Home button to go

back to the menu.

Once you can see the subsystemblock you want in the Gallery:

1 Move the mouse over the block inthe Gallery. Press and hold downthe left mouse button.

2 With the left mouse button stillheld down, move the mouse to

drag the block onto the circuit.

3 Finally, release the mouse buttonwhen the subsystem block is inthe required position.

The subsystem blocks must be now linked together with Connectors. SeeQuickstart 2Working with Connectors for more information.


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Quickstart

Working with Connectors2Connectors are used to join subsystem blocks together.

1 Move the mouse over a Connectorin the Gallery.

2 Press and hold down the leftmouse button. With the mousebutton still held down, move the

mouse to drag the Connector ontothe circuit.

3 As you drag the Connector near asubsystem block it will attach itselfto one side.

4 Finally, release the mouse buttonwhen the Connector is in therequired position.

When the arrow points into asubsystem block, the Connectorprovides an input signal.

When the arrow points away froma subsystem block, the Connectorprovides an output signal.

When a Connector is placed next to a subsystem block the direction of thearrow determines whether the signal acts as an input or as an output.

output signal

input signal

Arrows on Connectors determine the direction in whichsignals flow between subsystem blocks.

Click on a Connector arrow with the right mouse buttonto change the direction in which the signal flows.

Adding a Connector

Understanding signal flow


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Quickstart

Working with wires3Wires allow signals to flow between separate parts of your circuit.

1 To add a wire, first move themouse over a link connection.

When you are over a wiring link,the cursor will change shape.

2 Press and hold down the leftmouse button.

Adding a wire

Adding a bend to a w ire

3 With the mouse button still helddown, move the mouse to drag thewire onto another link connection.

When you go over a suitable link,

the cursor will change shape.4 Release the mouse button. A wire will

then connect the two links.

You can add a bend to a wire.

1 Click with left mouse button twice in

the middle of the wire.

2 Move the mouse over the blacksquare that appears.

3 Press and hold down the left mousebutton.

4 With the mouse button still helddown, move the mouse to bend thewire.

5 Release the mouse button


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Appendix BData SheetsB

Data


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Data


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10

10


Data

Switch UnitDetects a force. Output signal goeshigh when the switch is pressed.

Latching SwitchDetects a force. Output signal goeshigh or low when the switch ispressed. Connect to a Sensor Unit.

Tilt Sw itchDetects movement. Output signalgoes high when the sensor istilted. Connect to a Sensor Unit.

Reed SwitchDetects magnetism. Output signalgoes high when a magnet is near.Connect to a Sensor Unit.

Light SensorDetects light. Output signalincreases as light increases.Connect to a Sensor Unit.

Temperature SensorDetects temperature. Output signalincreases as temperature increases.Connect to a Sensor Unit.

Moisture SensorDetects moisture. Output signalincreases as moisture increases.Connect to a Sensor Unit.

Pulse UnitGenerates a continuous stream ofhigh then low digital pulses.

Debounced SwitchDetects a force. Output signal goes

high when the switch is pressed.Suitable for use with a Counter.

Inputs

11

11

12

14

14

15

26


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ComparatorConverts an analogue signal into adigital signal. Normally used withanalogue input sensors.

Inverter (NOT gate)Reverses its digital input signal.The output signal goes low whenthe input signal is high.

OR gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.

NAND gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.

NOR gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.

Positive Latch (Bistable)Remembers when the input digitalsignal goes high. Output signalstays high until it is reset.

CounterCounts the number of times thedigital input signal goes from lowto high.

AND gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.

Processes

XOR gateCombines two

digital signals.See truth table.

Data

13

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

in A in B out

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

in A in B out

0 0 10 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

in A in B out

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

in A in B out

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

in A in B out

0 0 0

0 1 11 0 1

1 1 0


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Data

DelayProvides a time delay. The outputsignal goes high for a short timeafter the input signal goes high.

Processes (continued)

Transistor

Converts an electrical signal into astronger signal that is able to drivelow power output subsystems.

DarlingtonConverts an electrical signal into astronger signal that is able to drivehigh power output subsystems.

Drivers

MotorConverts an electrical signal intorotational motion. Use with aDarlington driver.

LEDConverts an electrical signal intolight. Use with a Transistor driver.

BuzzerConverts an electrical signal intosound. Use with a Transistor driver.

BulbConverts an electrical signal intolight. Use with a Transistor driver.

Outputs

28

16

16

16

17

17

17


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Data

SolenoidConverts an electrical signal intolinear motion. Use with aDarlington driver.

RelayConverts an electrical signal intomovement of a switch. Use with aDarlington driver.

Outputs (continued)

Dig i ta l s igna l Ana logue s igna l

Low to high

High to low

Changing

Low to high

High to low

Changing

Signals

The signals shown in the data sheets are as follows:

17

17


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Appendix CWorksheetsC

Worksheets


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Worksheets


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Name Class

Worksheets

11.4 Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?

11.5 Describe a situation where a Tilt Switch could be used.

11.6 Move the magnet closer. Does the Bulb turn on or off?


11.8 Move the magnet away. Does the Bulb turn on or off?


11.10 Describe how the Reed Switch works.

11.11 Name a situation where a Reed Switch could be used.

Inputs Sw i t ch es (see page 11 for questions)


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Name Class

Worksheets

12.1 Increase the light level. What happens to the Bulb?

12.2 Decrease the light level. What happens to the Bulb?

12.3 Does the Bulb light up gradually or switch on instantly?

12.4 Is the Light Sensor analogue or digital?

12.5 Suggest three uses for a Light Sensor.

13.1 Draw a graph of the signal produced by the Light Sensor.

Inputs Sensors (see pages 12 and 13 for questions)

signalvoltage

time

Light Sensor signal graph


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Name Class

Worksheets

13.2 Draw a graph of each signal.

Inputs Sensors (see pages 13 and 14 for questions)

14.1 Is the Moisture Sensor analogue or digital?

14.3 Is the Temperature Sensor analogue or digital?

14.2 Suggest three uses for a Moisture Sensor.

14.4 Suggest three uses for a Temperature Sensor.

signalvoltage

time

Analogue signal graph

signalvoltage

time

Digital signal graph


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Name Class

Worksheets

Inputs Pulses (see page 15 for questions)

15.1 Describe the output produced by the buzzer.

15.2 Turn the dial clockwise. What happens to the output from the Buzzer?

15.3 Turn the dial anticlockwise. What happens to the output from the Buzzer?

15.4 What does the dial on the Pulse Unit do?

15.5 Suggest two situations where the Buzzer circuit could be used.

15.6 Suggest two situations where the Bulb circuit could be used.


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Name Class

Worksheets

Outputs (see pages 16 and 17 for questions)

16.1 Suggest three uses for a Bulb output subsystem.

16.2 Suggest three uses for a Buzzer output subsystem.

16.3 Suggest a system where an LED could be used instead of a Bulb.

17.1 Are the Relay and Solenoid subsystems low power or high power outputs?


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Name Class

Worksheets

Processes Log ic (see pages 18 and 19 for questions)

18.1 Press the switch. Is the Bulb on or off?

19.1 Press switch A. Is the Bulb on or off?

19.2 Press switch B. Is the Bulb on or off?

19.3 Press both switches A and B together. Is the Bulb on or off?

18.2 Describe how the Inverter works.

19.4 Describe how the AND gate works.

18.3 Complete the truth table for an Inverter.

Input Output

0

1


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Name Class

Worksheets


0 0

0 1

1 01 1


0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1


19.5 Complete the truth table for an AND gate.

20.5 Complete the truth table for an OR gate.

20.1 Press switch A. Is the Bulb on or off?

20.2 Press switch B. Is the Bulb on or off?

20.3 Press both switches A and B together. Is the Bulb on or off?

20.4 Describe how the OR gate works.


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Name Class

Worksheets



0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

21.2 Complete the truth table for a NAND gate.

21.1 Describe how the NAND gate works.

22.1 Describe how the NOR gate works.

21.3 Suggest one situation in which a NAND gate could be used.


0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

22.2 Complete the truth table for a NOR gate.


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Name Class

Worksheets

Processes Bis tab les (see page 24 for questions)

24.1 What happens to the Bulb when you release the switch?

24.2 Press switch A. What happens to the Bulb when you release the switch?

24.3 Press switch B. What function does switch B perform?

24.4 Describe how the bistable works.

24.5 Suggest two situations in which a bistable could be used.


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Name Class

Worksheets

25.1 Press the switch. What happens to the Counter?

25.2 Move the slider upwards. What happens to the Counter?

25.3 Move the slider downwards. What happens now to the Counter?

25.4 Write a sentence to describe how the Counter works.

26.1 What happens to the Counter when you press the switch?

26.2 Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. What happens to the Counter?

26.3 Turn the dial of the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. What happens to the Counter?

Processes Coun t i ng (see pages 25 and 26 for questions)


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Name Class

Worksheets

27.1 Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Draw a graph of the pulses.

27.2 Now turn the dial on the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. Draw a graph of the pulses.

27.3 What happens to the Counter when the switch is not pressed?

27.4 Press the switch. Now what happens to the Counter?

27.5 Describe how the circuit works.

Processes Coun t i ng (see page 27 for questions)

signalvoltage

time

Pulse graph

signalvoltage

time

Pulse graph


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Name Class

Worksheets

28.1 Turn the dial anticlockwise. Is the time delay increased or decreased?

28.2 Turn the dial clockwise. Is the time delay increased or decreased?

28.3 Draw a graph of the input signal and a graph of the delayed output signal.

signalvoltage

time

Input signal graph

signalvoltage

time

Delayed output signal graph

Processes Tim in g (see page 28 for questions)


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Name Class

Worksheets

D1 Design your system.

D2 Draw a block diagram for your system and describe how it works.

Click on the print button to print out your fi nished design.

D3 Model the system in Control Studio and test it works.

Task


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Name Class

Worksheets

E1 Extension. Draw a block diagram for your solution.

E2 Extension. Model the system in Control Studio and test it works.

Click on the print button to print out your f in ished design.

Task


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Name Class

Worksheets

A1 Advanced extension. Draw a block diagram for your solution.

A2 Advanced extension. Model the system in Control Studio and test it works.

Click on the print button to print out your fini shed design.

Task


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Electronic Systems with Control Studio 72Worksheets

control studio

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