control banding nanotool · control banding nanotool dave zalk, sam paik, paul swuste lawrence...
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Control Banding nanotool
Dave Zalk, Sam Paik, Paul Swuste
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, USA
TUDelft
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Origin of Control Banding
Pharmaceutical industry, toxicological uncertainties (1970 - 1980)
UK COSHH Essentials (Annals, 1998)
6 Control Banding workshops (Annals, 2003; Zalk & Nelson, 2008)
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Control Banding
hazard + exposure/scenario’s risk + solutions
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Control Banding, chemicals
hazard bands: EU risk phrases
exposure bands: volume, dustiness, volatility
control levels: engineering principles
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‘it might be hazardous at the bottom’
size, reactivity, barrier crossing
health hazards: carbon nanotubes introduced into the
abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-
like pathogenicity in a pilot study (Poland et
al., 2008)
public perception: Crichton M (2002). Prey, Harper Collins
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Manufactured nanomaterials
uncertainties
o exposure scenarios
o levels of exposure
o population at risk
o deposition – clearance
o structure – effect
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Xavier Miserachs El Born 1962
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Control Banding manufactured nanomaterials
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Risk level matrix
Probability
Severity
RL 1: general ventilation
RL 2: fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation
RL 3: containment
RL 4: seek specialist advice
extremely unlikely (0-25)
less likely (26-50)
likely (51-75)
probable (76-100)
very high (76-100)
RL 3
RL 3
RL 4
RL 4
high (51-75)
RL 2
RL 2
RL 3
RL 4
medium (26-50)
RL 1
RL 1
RL 2
RL 3
low (0-25)
RL 1
RL 1
RL 1
RL 2
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Severity score (0 – 100)
o physical properties 0 - 10
o toxicological properties 0 - 7.5
o toxicological properties parent materials 0 - 5
Probability score (0 – 100)
o amount used 6.25 - 25
o dustiness 7.5 - 30
o exposed population 5 - 15
o frequency and duration of operation 0 - 15
unknown ≡ 75% of highest score
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Severity score (1), physical properties
o surface chemistry high 10medium 5low 0unknown 7.5
o particle size tubular, fibrous 10anisotropic 5compact or spherical 0unknown 7.5
o particle diameter 1 – 10 nm 1011 - 40 nm 5< 41 – 100 nm 0unknown 7.5
o solubility insoluble 10soluble 5unknown 7.5
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Particle shape, nanomaterial
Tubular, fibrous, nanotubes
Quantum dots
Irregular shape
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Severity score (2), toxicological properties
o carcogenicity yes 7.5o reproductive toxicity no 0o mutagenicity unknown 5.625o dermal toxicity
o toxicity parent material < 10 µgm-3 1010 – 100 µgm-3 5101 µgm-3 – 1 mgm-3 2.5> 1 mgm-3 0unknown 7.5
o carcogenicity parent material yes 5o reproductive toxicity parent material no 0o mutagenicity parent material unknown 3.75o dermal toxicity parent material
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Probability score (1)
o estimated amount during operation > 100 mg 25
11 – 100 mg 12.5
0 – 10 mg 6.25
unknown 18.75
o dustiness/mistiness high 30
medium 15
low 7.5
unknown 22.5
o number of employees > 15 15
11 – 15 10
6 – 10 5
unknown 11.25
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Probability score (2)
o frequency of operation daily 15
weekly 10
monthly 5
less than monthly 0
unknown 11.25
o duration of operation > 4 hr 15
1 – 4 hr 10
30 -60 min 5
< 30 min 0
unknown 11.25
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Risk level matrix
Probability
Severity
RL 1: general ventilation
RL 2: fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation
RL 3: containment
RL 4: seek specialist advice
extremely unlikely (0-25)
less likely (26-50)
likely (51-75)
probable (76-100)
very high (76-100)
RL 3
RL 3
RL 4
RL 4
high (51-75)
RL 2
RL 2
RL 3
RL 4
medium (26-50)
RL 1
RL 1
RL 2
RL 3
low (0-25)
RL 1
RL 1
RL 1
RL 2
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Bowtie
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Managing hazards and risk
utility of control technologies
establish OEL’s
prevention through design
establishment of exposure register
conduct of medical surveillance
Schulte et al., 2010, keynote IOHA Conference, Rome
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Discussion
risk management ≡ managing scenarios
limitations
o factors and scores of probability and severity
o no design changes
advantages
o transparent, logical, and simple method
o support for decision making under uncertainties
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Thesis, December 22nd 2010, TUDelft
CONTROL BANDING
A simplified, qualitative strategy
for the assessment of
occupational risks and selection of solutions
Dave Zalk