Chart Questions

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(e)

(10)(11)(r2)(13)(L4)(15)(16)(t7)(18)(1e)(20)(2t)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(2e)(30)

The "Father of Modern Medicine."

Hill towering above Athens.

Ruler of Athens at the height of the "Golden Age."

Most people thought they caused disease.The leading Greek city-state.Poet who wrote about the courage and loyalty of soldiers.

Sophocles and Euripides wrote these.Art of planning and constructing buildings.Any building which honored gods or goddesses.

Wrote stories on the Persian Wars.A humorous play with a happy ending.The study of plants.

A philosopher along with Socrates and Aristotle.Chief god of Mount Olympus.Everyone attended an annual festival of plays there.A beautiful building on the Acropolis.The practice of carving and modeling.Mathematician who discovered basic principles of geometry.

War described by Thucydides.The study of animals.The sun god.

Series of contests between city-states.Government in which people have a voice in making the laws.The sculptor who carved the statue of Athena.A skilled craftsman who erects buildings.The Peloponnesian War involved two of these.Homer wrote the Iliad and also this poem.A period of great achievement in Athens.A pledge made by graduating medical students.Demoeritus found that all matter is made of these tiny particles.

-18D-

THE GOLDEN AGE OF ATHEI.IS

More than 2,000 years ago, Athens becarne the cuitural center of Greece. Achievementswere made in many fields during a period knorvn as the "Golden Age." These achievementsgreatly contributed to the development of Western civilization.

The people of ancient Greece have had more influence on present times than anyone elsein history. The chart rvhich follolvs summarizes the accompiishments made during this GoldenAge of Athens. .Carefully read the statements on the chart.

I t

Contributions of Ancient Greek Civilization

o Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the rvorld's firstphiiosophers.

Philosophy ' By.asking basic questions about man and theuniverse, philosophers influenced peopie to change'their way of thinking on many subjects.

Scienceand

Mathematics

Unlike the Egyptians and Mesopotamians-, Greekscientists did not believe gods and demons causedstorms, floods, droughts, and other problems forman. They believed these happenings were simplya part of nature's way. Democritus was the frrst toobserve that all matter rvas made of tiny particlescailed "atoms."Aristotle founded "zoology," the study of animals.One of his students -- Theophrastus -- started"botany," the study of plants.Pythagoras discovered important mathematicalprinciples stili studied in geometry today.

Medicine

A Greek named Hippocrates was the "Father ofModern Medicine." About 400 8.C., most people --including doctors -- thought iilness and diseasewere caused by gods and demons. But Hippocratestaught that heaith-related problems had naturalcauses. He operated on patients, reset dislocatedjoints, and put broken bones back in place.Graduating medical students today take the"Hippocratic Oath" in rvhich they agree to rules ofgood conduct between doctor and patient.

Government

Instead of one ruler for all of Greece, the individualcity-states preferred having their own governmentin their own community.The democratic government of Athens was thebeginning of democracy in Western civilization.Citizens were given freedom of speech and a voicein making laws.

-18A-

Government

Literature

Architecture

and

Sculpture

o Pericles was the leader of Athens at the height ofthe city's "Golden Age." He let the common people,not just the rich, take part in the government.not just the rich, take part in the government.Arts and sciences flourished, and manufacturingand trade continued to grow.

,o The Greeks enjoyed stories, poems, plays, and

tales of historical events.o Greek mythology included stories about Zeus, the

chief god; Apollo, the sun god; Athena, goddess ofwisdom; and Aphrodite, the goddess of love. It wasthought that the gods lived on Mount Olympus innortheastern Greece.

o Homer is one of the greatest poets who ever lived.He wrote about the courage and loyalty of bravesoldiers in Greek history. His best works were theIliad and the Odyssey.

o Herodotus, known as the "Father of History,"wrote stories describing the Persian Wars.Thucydides told about the Peloponnesian Warbetween Sparta and Athens.

. Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote Greektragedies. A "tragedy" is a serious play with anunhappy ending.

. Aristophanes wrote comedies. A "comedy" is ahumorous play with a happy ending.

r Once a year, a festival of plays was held in Athens.Everyone attended, including both rich and poor.Even prisoners were let out ofjail so they couldenjoy the festival. Greek dramas were performedin outdoor amphitheaters.

r "Architecture" is the art of planning andconstructing buildings. The Greeks were skilledarchitects who erected beautiful temples andpublic buildings made of marble and limestone.

I The "Acropolis" of Athens, a hill towering abovethe city, was the site of some of the world's mostimaginative buildings. The most famous of thesewas the Parthenon, a temple built to honor thegoddess Athena.

, "Sculpture" is the art of carving or modelingfigures, such as statues. Greek sculptors workedwith marble and bronze. Phidias, the greatestGreek sculptor, carved the beautiful statue ofAthena for the Parthenon. Another sculptor,M;rron, carved the famous "Discus Thrower,', whichportrays the Greek appreciation for physicalstrength and athletic ability.

-18B-