contribution of engineers 65 years ieb
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Contribution of Engineers in the Development of Bangladesh during last 65 yearsTRANSCRIPT
Contribution of Engineers in the Contribution of Engineers in the Development of BangladeshDevelopment of Bangladesh
During Last 65 Years During Last 65 Years
PresentationPresentation
byby
Professor Jamilur Reza ChoudhuryProfessor Jamilur Reza ChoudhuryVice Chancellor, University of Asia PacificVice Chancellor, University of Asia Pacific
Former President, Institution of Engineers BangladeshFormer President, Institution of Engineers Bangladesh
Seminar at IEB, Dhaka Seminar at IEB, Dhaka
10 May, 201310 May, 2013
Why 65 years ?Why 65 years ?
Institution of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB) is Institution of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB) is
celebrating 68celebrating 68thth Anniversary of its founding on Anniversary of its founding on
77thth May May
Founded by a group of engineers on 7Founded by a group of engineers on 7 thth May, 1948 as May, 1948 as
Institute of Engineers PakistanInstitute of Engineers Pakistan
The only National institution in Pakistan to have its The only National institution in Pakistan to have its
Headquarters in East PakistanHeadquarters in East Pakistan
Renamed Renamed Institution of Engineers Bangladesh Institution of Engineers Bangladesh in in
December, 1971December, 1971
Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation EducationEducation
Physical Infrastructure Development Physical Infrastructure Development
AgricultureAgriculture
Water ResourcesWater Resources Housing and BuildingHousing and Building
IndustrializationIndustrialization
Ship-buildingShip-building
Information TechnologyInformation Technology
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
Engineering EducationEngineering Education 1948 : around 100 graduate engineers, mostly from 1948 : around 100 graduate engineers, mostly from
Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur, Calcutta; not a Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur, Calcutta; not a
single engineer with PhDsingle engineer with PhD
1948 : only one Engineering College at Dhaka with 1948 : only one Engineering College at Dhaka with
around 180 students pursuing four year BSc Engg around 180 students pursuing four year BSc Engg
degree programmesdegree programmes
1962 : one Engineering University with about 950 1962 : one Engineering University with about 950
students students
2013 : The number of Engineers is around 40,000; 2013 : The number of Engineers is around 40,000;
around 170 degree programmes (Bachelors, Masters and around 170 degree programmes (Bachelors, Masters and
PhD) in 35 Universities PhD) in 35 Universities
Physical Infrastructure?Physical Infrastructure?The physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions
Some examples :Public utilities — power, telecommunications, water supply, sanitation and sewerage, solid waste collection and disposal, and piped gas
Public works — roads, bridges, embankments, dams and canal works for irrigation and drainage
Other transport sectors — urban and interurban railways, urban transport, ports and waterways, and airports.
Road NetworkRoad Network
• In 1948 only 600 In 1948 only 600 km of narrow paved km of narrow paved roads existedroads existed
• Now it has grown Now it has grown to 271,000 kmto 271,000 km
Rail NetworkRail Network
Route length 2,800 kmProblem with two different gauges - metre and broad
Physical InfrastructurePhysical Infrastructure Bridging the major riversBridging the major rivers
The situation in 1971 The situation in 1971
• Dependence on ferriesDependence on ferries
Bangabandhu Bridge over JamunaBangabandhu Bridge over Jamuna
A major achievementA major achievement
• 1212thth longest in the world when completed in 1998; now 42 longest in the world when completed in 1998; now 42ndnd
Almost all major rivers have been bridged overcoming challenges of river training and Almost all major rivers have been bridged overcoming challenges of river training and
unstable river beds, mostly soft soils unstable river beds, mostly soft soils
Bangabondhu (Jamuna) Bridge
Bridge SubstructureBridge Substructure
Cast in-situConcrete Pier
Stem
Precast Concreteinsitu filled Pile Cap
Tubular StructuralSteel Piles in-situ
concrete filled 2.5 -3.15 m dia
Max WaterLevel
Min WaterLevel
Max Bed Level
Min Bed Level
Pile Toe Level
2 Pile Pier 3 Pile Pier
+ 16 m
+ 6 m
+/- 0 m
- 30 m
- 72 m
PileLength
83 m
Courtesy of MC
Kuril FlyoverKuril Flyover
Zillur Rahman FlyoverZillur Rahman Flyover
BuildingsBuildings
1948 : Very few multistoried buildings; mostly brick 1948 : Very few multistoried buildings; mostly brick
masonry with lime-surki mortarmasonry with lime-surki mortar
Tallest : 5-storied in Sadarghat, Dhaka; the only Tallest : 5-storied in Sadarghat, Dhaka; the only
building with a liftbuilding with a lift
Now a few hundred tall buildings (9 or more stories Now a few hundred tall buildings (9 or more stories
in height) – almost all designed and constructed by in height) – almost all designed and constructed by
Bangladeshi architects and engineersBangladeshi architects and engineers
National Building Code prepared in 1993National Building Code prepared in 1993
Tallest Tallest BuildingBuilding
37-storied 37-storied City CentreCity Centre
CC
Water Supply and Water Supply and SanitationSanitation
1948 : Only a few towns had piped water supply 1948 : Only a few towns had piped water supply
system covering small areas; e.g. Old Dhaka with a system covering small areas; e.g. Old Dhaka with a
small water treatment plantsmall water treatment plant
Most people in urban areas dependent on dug well , Most people in urban areas dependent on dug well ,
tube well or pondstube well or ponds
Almost all rural areas : pondsAlmost all rural areas : ponds
Water Supply and SanitationWater Supply and Sanitation
Access to safe drinking water Access to safe drinking water
About 86% of urban population; 22% piped supply About 86% of urban population; 22% piped supply
on premiseson premises
About 83% of rural population About 83% of rural population
Improved SanitationImproved Sanitation
60 % of urban and 55% of rural60 % of urban and 55% of rural
Open defecation has almost disappearedOpen defecation has almost disappeared
Electricity Scenario : 1948Electricity Scenario : 1948Private companies supplying power to Private companies supplying power to
• then 17 provincial district headquarters;then 17 provincial district headquarters;
• mostly during nights onlymostly during nights only
• generation voltage 400 voltsgeneration voltage 400 volts
Only in Dhaka City, 2 xOnly in Dhaka City, 2 x 1500 kW generators ; generation 1500 kW generators ; generation
voltage 6,600 voltsvoltage 6,600 volts
no long distance transmission lines. no long distance transmission lines.
some industries (tea, sugar and textiles) and railway some industries (tea, sugar and textiles) and railway
workshops. workshops.
total generation capacity of the country was total generation capacity of the country was 21 MW 21 MW
Electricity : GrowthElectricity : Growth
1962 : Kaptai Dam : 40 MW; first major project 1962 : Kaptai Dam : 40 MW; first major project
1 971 : 180 MW1 971 : 180 MW
National grid developed with East West National grid developed with East West
InterconnectorInterconnector
2013 : Generation capacity increased to 8,100 MW 2013 : Generation capacity increased to 8,100 MW
Highest generation : 6,350 MWHighest generation : 6,350 MW
about 50% of population getting electricity supply about 50% of population getting electricity supply
from gridfrom grid
East West Electric InterconnectorEast West Electric InterconnectorJamuna River CrossingJamuna River Crossing
TelecommunicationsTelecommunications
Fixed telephones : around 1 millionFixed telephones : around 1 million
Mobile cellular telephones : from a few thousand to Mobile cellular telephones : from a few thousand to
100 million in 12 years100 million in 12 years
CAGR initially more than 100%, one of the fastest in CAGR initially more than 100%, one of the fastest in
the worldthe world
Internet users : 30 million; mostly using mobile Internet users : 30 million; mostly using mobile
devicesdevices
Information TechnologyInformation Technology
First digital computer in 1964 (AEC, Dhaka)First digital computer in 1964 (AEC, Dhaka)
1997 : IT identified as a sector having high potential for 1997 : IT identified as a sector having high potential for
growthgrowth
IT policies and action plans formulatedIT policies and action plans formulated
800 software companies with c. 30,000 professionals800 software companies with c. 30,000 professionals
2010 : Gartner, one of the most respected global 2010 : Gartner, one of the most respected global
consulting groups, has included Bangladesh in a list of consulting groups, has included Bangladesh in a list of
top 30 outsourcing destinations of the worldtop 30 outsourcing destinations of the world
Irrigation ProjectsIrrigation Projects in 65 years, population has increased from 40 million to 160 in 65 years, population has increased from 40 million to 160
millionmillion
Bangladesh has almost gained self sufficiency in food grain Bangladesh has almost gained self sufficiency in food grain
productionproduction
Near self-sufficiency in rice: production tripled since 1971Near self-sufficiency in rice: production tripled since 1971
around 16 million acres under irrigationaround 16 million acres under irrigation
credit goes to BADC and BWDB e.g. tubewell projectscredit goes to BADC and BWDB e.g. tubewell projects
Ganges Kobadak Project (1955-62)Ganges Kobadak Project (1955-62)
Teesta BarrageTeesta Barrage
Teesta BarrageTeesta Barrage1979-19931979-1993
Fertilizer ProductionFertilizer Production
1958 : NGFF, Fenchuganj 1958 : NGFF, Fenchuganj
6 more built between 1970-19946 more built between 1970-1994
another (Shahjalal) nearing completion (2014)another (Shahjalal) nearing completion (2014)
Natural Hazards Affecting BangladeshNatural Hazards Affecting Bangladesh
Floods Floods • River Water OverflowRiver Water Overflow
• Rain water stagnationRain water stagnation
Earthquakes Earthquakes
TornadoesTornadoes
LandslidesLandslides
Cyclones and Storm SurgeCyclones and Storm Surge
TsunamiTsunami
River Bank Erosion River Bank Erosion
Surface Water ModelingSurface Water Modeling
Inst of Water Modeling has developed excellent Inst of Water Modeling has developed excellent
capabilities for SWM and is capabilities for SWM and is
• rendering services to other countriesrendering services to other countries
• transferring technology to other countriestransferring technology to other countries
Flood Forecasting and Warning CentreFlood Forecasting and Warning Centre
• much better capabilitiesmuch better capabilities
• daily forecasts; up to 72 hours for water level in daily forecasts; up to 72 hours for water level in
major riversmajor rivers
Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter PlanMultipurpose Cyclone Shelter Plan
Cyclones (Hurricanes/Typhoons)Cyclones (Hurricanes/Typhoons)• wind speed up to 250 km/hrwind speed up to 250 km/hr
Storm surgesStorm surges• Up to 7.5 meters heightUp to 7.5 meters height• Moving up to 50 km inlandMoving up to 50 km inland
Shipbuilding IndustryShipbuilding Industry During the last 10 years a number of shipyards in During the last 10 years a number of shipyards in
Bangladesh have established reputation for design Bangladesh have established reputation for design
and fabrication of medium sized shipsand fabrication of medium sized ships
Exported to Europe (Germany and Denmark) and Exported to Europe (Germany and Denmark) and
Pakistan; meeting most difficult quality specificationsPakistan; meeting most difficult quality specifications
Progressively increasing capacity up to 20,000 DWTProgressively increasing capacity up to 20,000 DWT
Economic GrowthEconomic Growth
1948 : per capita income around US$801948 : per capita income around US$80
2013 : per capita income around US$ 8602013 : per capita income around US$ 860
(US$2,050 PPP)(US$2,050 PPP)
Engineers have made a significant contribution Engineers have made a significant contribution
in ensuring economic growth and in ensuring economic growth and
poverty alleviationpoverty alleviation
FutureFuture
Engineers will have to play a major role in Engineers will have to play a major role in ensuring that the predictions come trueensuring that the predictions come true
Thank youThank you