Contrasts, variation

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100,000 words 15 years

10,000,000 words 1,500 years??

Community of scholar-annotators Issues: who? which annotations? user

interface? how trustworthy? annotation cost? return on investment?

Attribute Value English gloss

Word Token LMLCCON to your king

Prefix L to

Suffix CON your (masc. plural)

Stem MLC inflected “king”

Baseform MLCA noun form of “king”

Root MLC realm, kingdom, queen, promise counsel, deliberate, reign

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Use annotator corrections to improve the automatic labeling on the fly.

Phonetics: study of the basic sounds that make up a language Phonemic inventory: phones IPA Articulatory, acoustic

Phonology: study of ways that basic sounds change in a language Rules, interactions, processes

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Patterning and distribution of sounds in language(s) Inventories, minimal pairs, allophones,

complementary distribution Levels of structure Features Sound segments Syllables

Environment: context in which a sound occurs 7

Same basic patterns as for phonetics, plus others

Phoneme: combination of different variants of a basic sound in the language

Allophone: variant forms of a basic sound segment The basic phoneme /l/ in English has two allophones

(voiced and voiceless). The basic phoneme /t/ in English has as many as

eight (!) variants.

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Regularities, sound inventory Distributional patterns Allophonic variation, alternations

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Aspiration, devoicing (review) Minimal pairs Complementary distribution Free variation

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[sIp] and [zIp] [bɛt] and [bɛd] Words are: Identical except for 1 phone Different in meaning

We say the different sounds are “in contrast” or “distinctive” They constitute “phonemes”

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Two related sounds never occur in the same environment

You can predict which form will appear via the environment

e.g. voiced/unvoiced liquids in English e.g. Canadian Raising

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Two or more allophones in complementary distribution constitute a phoneme

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Canadian Raising (again) Voiceless liquids Glides in English lots more!

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