contrastive analysis on syntax - clea
TRANSCRIPT
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Let’s pray together before we will start our lecture
today!
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The Contrastive Analysis on The Level of Syntax
Group 5 :I. Achmad Munier 201012501057II. Tyas Indah N. D. 201012501034III. Rizki Listri Kartika 201012501012IV. Dinar Anggraini 201012500990V. Yuko Arum L. 201012501045
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1. Word Order
• In English word order is fixed.• In Indonesian word order is much more
flexible. The prominent word precedes the less prominent one.
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2. Clause Subject x Verb is the nucleus of an English clause. In Indonesian, when reference is clear through the context, an
explicit word is not normally mentioned. Therefore, a clause may not have a subject or a verb.
A. Clauses without a verbI. No copulaII. Showing directionIII. SufferingIV. ActivitiesV. Possession or part
B. Clauses without a subjectVI. No equivalence of introductory ‘ it ’VII. In a complex sentence
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3. Questions
• In English questions are identified by inversion of subject and verb, either the yes-no type or the wh- type.
• In Indonesian the yes-no type uses the rising intonation or begins with ‘Apakah’ with the falling intonation. The wh- type or information question begins with the question word and the position of the subject and verb in inverted.
• In Indonesian, the information questions use the word order as the statements. The word in question is replaced by a question word.
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4. Verbs
• In English, verbs are always related to tenses. Time and aspect are expressed in the tenses.
• In Indonesian time and aspect are expressed by independent words which do not formally correlate with the other words within the sentence.
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5. Correlation of forms
• In English the words within the sentence are formally correlated.
• In Indonesian, on the other hand, words are not correlated formally with one another. Each word is independent.
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6. Active and Passive voice
• English is characterized by the dominant role of the active voice.
• Indonesian is characterized by the passive voice.• Due to the fact that Indonesian:
1. Tends to put the prominent words prior to the less prominent ones.
2. Especially in sentences about the second person (you), the sentences topic is not explicitly mentioned.
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7. Function words
• ArticlesIn Indonesian, there ia no article. The idea expressed by ‘ a ’ and ‘the‘ is expressed by an independent word.
• PronounsThe English pronouns have their counterparts in Indonesian. Nevertheless, there are a number of noted differences that be serious problem for Indonesia learners.
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8. Transitive verbs
• In Indonesian, a transitive verb is not always followed by an object.
• In English it is almost always followed by an object.
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9. Redundancy of the ‘cover term’
• In Indonesian, the cover term is also used with the specific one.
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Thanks for your attention