contract documents essentials
TRANSCRIPT
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SEMINAR REPORT
On
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
SUBMITTED
TO
VISVESWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAUM
FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF VIII SEM DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
BY
KATTAMREDDY ROHITH REDDY
USN -1BI09CV031
VIII Semester Civil Engineering
Under The Guidance of:
Dr K.C. JAYARAMUAsst Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering
BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(Affiliated To Visveswaraiah Technological University)
Bangalore-560004
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BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BANGALORE -560004
CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that KATTAMREDDY ROHITH REDDY bearinguniversity USN-1BI09CV031 has submitted the report on CONTRACTDOCUMENTSin partial fulfillment of theVIII SEM CIVIL ENGINEERINGcourse in as prescribed by the Visveswaraiah Technological University during
the academic year 2013-2014, under the guidance of Dr KC JAYARAMUAsstProfessor, Dept of civil engineering.
Dr . A.G NATARAJ Dr K.C. JAYARAMU
H.O.D Professor
Professor Dept. of Civil Engg
Dept. of Civil Engg
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INTRODUCTION
CONTRACT is an undertaking by a person or firm to do a work under certain
terms and conditions. The work may be for the construction or maintenance and
repairs, for the construction, supply of materials, for supply of labors, for
transport , etc.
In contract system the work is got done through contractors who arrange all
materials, workers and services required for completion of work in time. A
contract agreement is a bond , the contractor and department are bound by
terms and conditions. The contract agreement consists of various documents
that work to be done, time limit, woks and rates, detailed specifications, etc.
Thecontract documents are one of the most important pieces that will
guarantee of a successful project. This list contains the most common
documents that must form part of every construction contract. Before thework
is given out on contract an agreement or bond is prepared.
The following documents shall be attached to the contract agreement or
bond which should be duly endorsed and sealed. Each page shall bear the
signature of the contractor and the accepting authority and all corrections shall
be similarly initialed.
,
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1. Title page
- having the name of work, contract bond numbered.
FIG 1.An example for title of a contract document
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2. Index page
- having the contents of the agreement with page references.
FIG 2: An example showing index page
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3.Tender notice-
giving brief description of the work, estimated cost of work, date and time of the tender,
amount of earnest money and security money ,time of completion,etc.earnest money, usually
2% of the estimated cost is deposited along with tender.
1. Sealed tenders will be received upto------A.M / P.M on the -----of 19 ----by theexecutive engineer ---------division of the following work:-
Name of the work---------------------estimated cost RS---------------.
2. The work must be completely finished to the satisfaction of the executive engineerwithin--------------------months from the date of the order to commence the work.
3. The tender form with complete sets of blank forms of contract can be obtained fromthe office of executive engineer ---------------division at -----------------every day from
--------------------A.M to -----------------P.M at a charge of RS. --------per set.
4. Each tender must be accompanied by a deposit of RS. ------------as earnest money.such earnest money may be of following forms:-
a) Cash or treasury challan.b) Post office savings bank pass book having the requisite amount in the account,
pledged to the executive engineer.
c) Deposit receipt of state bank or other approved bank pledged to the executive
engineer.
e) National plan or national saving certificate pledged to the executive engineer.
5. The tenders will be opened at -----------------A.M / P.M on the -----of 19 ----by theexecutive engineer at the office at-----.
6. Power is reserved to reject any tender or all tenders without assigning any reason orgiven any explanation.
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7. Unless the person, whose tender has been accepted, signs the contract and depositsthe security specified withindays, the earnest money deposited by him will be
forfeited and the acceptance of his tender will be withdrawn.
8. The tendered rates shall be for the complete work and shall include all quarryingcharges, royalty, testing, screening, tools and plants, carriage of materials to site,
removal and changes of rejected materials, all taxes, income-tax, salestax, octroi
charges, materials, labour, etc.
9. The tender rates will remain valid for a period of three months from date of openingtenders.
10.The quantities in the bill of quantities are approximately and liable to variation orcancellation for which contractor will not be entitled to any compensation. The
quantities of any item or items and the total cost may vary by 20% for which ratesshall not be altered.
11.The rate should be quoted in the bill of quantities, legibly both in figures and words.
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4.Tender form-
giving the bill of quantities, contractorsrates.
a) Total cost of works
b) Time for completion
c) Progress of works:Construction Work-in-Progress is a long-term asset account in whichthe costs of constructing long-term assets are recorded. The account Construction Work-in-
Progress will have a debit balance and will be reported on the balance sheet as part of a
company's Property, Plant and Equipment.
The costs of a constructed asset are accumulated in the account Construction Work-in-
Progress until the asset is placed into service. When the asset is completed and placed into
service, the account Construction Work-in-Progress will be credited for the accumulated
costs of the asset and will be debited to the appropriate Property, Plant and Equipment
account. Depreciation begins after the asset has been placed into service.
d) Security money-on acceptance of the tender, the contractor has to deposit 10% of the
tendered amount as security money with the department which is inclusive of the earnest
money already deposited. This amount is kept as a check so that the contractor fulfils the
terms and conditions of contract and carries out the work satisfactorily according to the
specifications and maintains progress and completes the work in time. If the contractor fails
to fulfill the terms of contract his whole or part of security money is forfeited by the
department. The security money is refunded to the contractor after the satisfactory
completion of the whole work after a specified time, usually after one rainy season or six
months of the completion of the work.
Instead of collecting the whole of security money in one installment before starting the work
this can be collected gradually by deducting from the running account bill of the contractor.
Usually the earnest money is taken as part of the security money and the balance amount of
the security money is collected by deduction from the running account bill of the contractor
at 10% of the every running bill, up to the extent of 10 percent of the total cost of whole
work.
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Earnest money- Earnest money should be in cash or encashable at any time. Earnest money
may be in the form of deposit in treasury or state bank or other approved bank or government
security, or savings certificate or post office, savings pass book or cash certificate, pledged to
the executive engineer.
While submitting a tender the contractor is to deposit a certain amount, about 2% of the
estimated cost, with the department, as earnest money as guarantee of the tender. This
amount is for a check so that the contractor may not refuse to accept the work or run away
when his tender is accepted. In case the contractor refuses to take up the work his earnest
money is forfeited. Earnest money of the tender whose tender has not been accepted is
refundable. The amount of earnest money depends on the estimated cost of works and is as
follows:-
Rs. 50.00 for works up to Rs. 2,000.00, Rs. 100.00 for works above Rs. 2,000.00 to Rs.
5,000.00, Rs. 200.00 for works above Rs. 5,000.00 to Rs. 10,000.00 and Rs. 100.00 for every
Rs. 5,000.00 or part thereof above Rs.10, 000.00.
e) Penalty clause-
1. Delay in completion of work.
2. Defects in workmanship.
3. Replacement of materials in the event of job standard materials used which will not match
with specification.
4. Escalation in prices if considerable, the contractor has to b suitably compensated.
5. in case of delayed payment by clients, the percentage payable to contractor
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5. Estimate:
Before undertaking the construction of a project it is necessary to know its probable cost
which is worked out by estimating. An estimate is a computation or calculation of the
quantities required and expenditure likely to be incurred in the construction of a work.
The primary object of the estimate is to enable one to know beforehand, the cost of a work
.the estimate cost is the probable cost of a work and is determined theoretically by
mathematical calculations based on the plans and drawing and current rates. Approximately
estimate may be prepared by various methods but accurate estimate is prepared by detailed
estimate method.
Actual cost-the actual cost of a work is known at the completion of the work. Account of all
expenditure is maintained dayto-day during the execution of work in account section and at
the end of the completion of the work when the account is completed, the actual cost isknown .the actual cost should not differ much from estimated cost worked out at the
beginning.
Detailed estimate- preparation of detailed estimate consists of working out the quantities of
different items of work and then working out the cost i.e, the estimate is prepared in two
stages:-
i) Details of measurements and calculation of quantitiesthe whole work is dividedinto different items of work s earthwork, concrete, bridge work, etc .and the items
are classified and grouped under different sub-heads and details of measurement
of each item of work are taken out and quantities under each item are
compounded in prescribed formdetails of measurement form
Details of measurement form:-
Item no Description
of particulars
No. Height Breadth Length
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ii) Abstract of estimated cost: the cost under item of work is calculated from thequantities already computed at workable rate and total cost is worked out in a
prescribed form, abstract of estimate form. A percentage of 3 to 5 percent is added
for contingencies, to allow for pretty contingent expenditures, unforeseen
expenditures changes in design, changes in rates which may occur during the
execution of the work. A percentage of 11/2 and 2 per cent is also added to meet
the expenditure of work charged establishment.the grand total thus obtaind is the
estimated cost of the work.
Abstract of estimate form:-
Item no DESCRIPTION
OF
PARTICULARS
Quantity Unit Rate Amount
In the above form the description of each item should be such as to express exactly what
work ,material, proportions of mortar, etc. have been provided for.
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6.Bill of quantities
giving quantities and rates of each item of work and cost of each item of work and the total
cost of the whole work. The bill of quantities (sometimes referred to as 'BoQ') is a document
prepared by thecost consultant (often aquantity surveyor) that provides project specific
measured quantities of the items of work identified by the drawings andspecifications in
thetender documentation.The quantities may be measured in number, length, area, volume,
weight or time. Preparing a bill of quantities requires that the design is complete and a
specification has been prepared.
The bill of quantities is issued totenderers for them to prepare a price for carrying out the
works. The bill of quantities assiststenderers in the calculation ofconstruction costs for
theirtender, and, as it means all tenderingcontractors will be pricing the same quantities
(rather than taking-off quantities from thedrawings andspecifications themselves), it also
provides a fair and accurate system fortendering.
Thecontractortenders against the bill of quantities, stating their price for each item.
Thispriced bill of quantities constitutes thetenderer's offer. As the offer is built up of
prescribed items, it is possible to compare both the overall price and individual items directly
with othertenderersoffers, allowing a detailed assessment of which aspects of atender may
offer good or poorvalue.This information can assist with tender.
Thepriced bill of quantities will also:
Assist with the agreement of thecontract sum with the successfultenderer. Provide aschedule of rates assisting with the valuation ofvariations. Provide a basis for the valuation ofinterim payments. Provide a basis for the preparation of thefinal account.
PREPARINGBILLS OF QUANTITIES
It is very important that bills of quantities are prepared according to a standard, widely
recognized methodology. This helps avoid any ambiguities or misunderstandings and so
helps avoiddisputes arising through different interpretations of what has been priced. In
theUK,bills of quantities for general construction works were until most commonly
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prepared in accordance with theStandard Method of Measurement, currently in its 7th
Edition (SMM7). However, a new standard, theNew Rules of Measurementbecame
operative on 1 January 2013 and replacedSMM7 on 1st July 2013.
NB Other methods of measurement are used forcivil engineering works (Civil Engineering
Method of Measurement) currently in its 3rd Edition (CESMM).
SMM7 adopted the Common Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS), a standard method
for categorizing the works (see the Construction Project Information Committee (CPIC)).
This is also the categorization of work that is used for theNational Building
Specification (nbs):
A -Preliminaries and general conditions. B - Complete buildings, structures and units. C - Existing site, buildings and services. D - Groundwork. E - In situ concrete and large precast concrete. F - Masonry. G - Structural carcassing, metal andtimber. H - Cladding and covering. J - Waterproofing. K - Linings, sheathing and dry partitioning.
L - Windows, doors andstairs. M - Surface finishes. N - Furniture andequipment. P - Building fabric sundries. Q - Paving, planting, fencing and site furniture. R - Disposal systems. S - Piped supply systems. T - Mechanical heating, cooling and refrigeration systems. U - Ventilation and air conditioning systems. V - Electrical systems. W - Communications, security,safety and protection systems. X - Transport systems. Y - Generalengineering services.
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Z - Building fabric referencespecification.However, this system is currently undergoing considerable change, withCAWSbeing
incorporated intoUniclass,andUniclassbeing replaced withUniclass2 In addition,NRM has
moved away from theCommon Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS) to adopt its own
system of indexing .
Bills of quantities can be prepared elementally or in workspackages,and are most useful to
thecontractor when they are prepared in work sections that reflect likelysub-
contractpackages. This makes it easier for thecontractor to obtain prices fromsub-
contractors and is more likely to result in an accurate and competitive price.
The bill of quantities should identify the different kinds of work required, but should not
specify them as this can lead to confusion between information in the bill of quantities and
information in thespecification itself.
Disputes can occur where there is discrepancy between the bill of quantities and the rest of
thetender documents (for example where an item is included in
thedrawings andspecificationbut not in the bill of quantities), or where there has been an
arithmetical error. Generally thepriced bill of quantities will take precedent, and
theclient will be responsible for their own errors or omissions, which may be classified
asrelevant events (orcompensation events) giving rise toclaims for anextension of
time andloss and expense. However if an ambiguity or error is noticed by
thecontractor during thetender process,it is best practice for them to tell theclient,even ifthere may be some commercial advantage to them not doing so.
Increasingly, softwarepackages are available to assist in the preparation of preparation
ofbills of quantities,andbuilding information modeling systems can be used to producebills
of quantities from information already contained within the model.
Bills of quantities are normally only prepared on larger projects. On smaller projects, or for
alteration work thecontractor can be expected to measure their own quantities fromdrawings
and schedules of work. Schedules of work are 'without quantities'instructional lists that
allow thecontractor to identify significant work and materials that will be needed to
complete the works and to calculate the quantities that will be required.
APPROXIMATE BILL OF QUANTITIES
An approximate bill of quantities (or notional bill of quantities) can be used on projects
where it is not possible to prepare a firm bill of quantities at the time oftendering, for
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iki/Common_Arrangement_of_Work_Sectionshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/NRMhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Uniclass2http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Uniclasshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Uniclasshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/CAWShttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Specification 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example if the design is relatively complete, but exact quantities are not yet known. However
this will tend to result in morevariations duringconstruction and so less price certainty when
the investment decision is made.
Somecontracts allows for re-measurement of approximate quantities (for example, this is
common on cut and fill on road works). Here, quantities are simply revised
andpayments made accordingly without the need to instruct avariation.
If an approximate quantity turns out not to have been a realistic estimate of the quantity
actually required, this may constitute arelevant event giving rise toclaims for anextension
of time andloss and expense.
Approximate bills of quantities can also be used during thedesign process as a tool for
controlling design. They are then sometimes included in thetender documents as a guide
with a caveat stating that responsibility for measuring quantities lies with the contractor,
anddrawings andspecifications take priority over any description in the approximate bills .
7.Schedules
a) Schedule of issue of materials-giving list of materials to be issued to the contractor with
rate and place of issue.
b) Schedule of work-: schedule of work are 'without quantities'instructional lists often
produced on smaller projects or for alteration work. They are an alternative tobills of
quantities, allowing pricing of items such asbuilders work and fixing schedules (such as
sanitary fittings, doors, windows, ironmongery, light fittings, louvers, roller shutters,
diffusers, grilles and manholes).
Schedules of work are prepared bydesigners rather than by thecost consultant.They may be
prepared as part of theproduction information alongsidedrawings,specifications,bills of
quantities and preliminaries and are likely to form part of thetender documentation and
thencontract documents.
Schedules simply list the work required. Any information about quality should be provided
by reference to specifications,and information about location and size should be provided
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ondrawings. Where a schedule includes a description of the work required, this is a
'specified'schedule of work.
Schedules should allow thecontractor to identify significant work and materials that will be
needed to complete the works and to calculate the quantities that will be required. As a
consequence, it is important thatschedules of workproperly describe every significant item
of work to which they relate. Failure to do so may result in a claim by thecontractor.
Schedules of work can be arranged on an elemental basis (for example groundwork,
concrete, masonry etc.) or on a room by room basis.
8. specifications-
Specification specifies or describes the nature and the class of the work, materials to be used
in the work, workmanship, etc., and is very important for the execution of the work. The cost
of a work depends much on the specifications. Specifications should be clear, and there
should not be any ambiguity anywhere. From the study of the specifications one can easily
understand the nature of the work and what the work shall be. The drawings of a building or
structure show the arrangement of the rooms and various parts. Drawings do not furnish the
details of different items of work, the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar and
workmanship which are described in specifications. Thus the combinations of drawings and
specifications define completely the structure. Drawings and specifications form important
parts of contract document.
During writing specification attempts should be made to express all the requirements of the
work clearly and in a concise form avoiding repetition. As far as possible, the clauses of the
specification should be arranged in the same order in which the work will be carried out. The
specifications are written in a language so that they indicate what the work should be and
words "shall be" or "should be" are used.
Specifications depend on the nature of the work, the purpose for which the work is required,
strength of the materials, availability of the materials, quality of materials, etc.
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They are written documents that describe the materials andworkmanship required for a
development. They do not include cost, quantity or drawn information, and so need to be
read alongside othercontract documentation such as quantities, schedules anddrawings.
Likewise, written information about materials andworkmanship should not appear
ondrawings or inbills of quantities, instead they should refer to the appropriate clauses in
thespecification.
Specifications vary considerably depending on the stage to which the design has been
developed when the project istendered, ranging fromperformance
specifications (openspecifications) that require further design work to be carried out by
thecontractor,to prescriptivespecifications (closedspecification)where the design is already
complete and no choices are left to thecontractor.
Prescriptivespecifications give theclient more certainty about the end product when they
make their final investment decision (i.e. when theyappoint thecontractor), whereas
aperformance specification gives the contractor more scope to innovate, and adopt cost
effective methods of work, potentially offering bettervalue for money.
Typically,performance specifications are written on projects that are straight-forward and are
well-known building types, whereas prescriptivespecifications are written for more complex
buildings, or buildings where theclient has requirements that might not be familiar
tocontractors and where certainty regarding the exact nature of the completed development
is more important to theclient.An exception to this might be a repeatclient such as a largeretailer, where a specific, branded end result is required and so whilst the building type is
well known, thespecification is likely to be prescriptive.
Most projects will involve a combination of performance and prescriptivespecifications.
Items crucial to the design will be specified prescriptively (such as external cladding) whilst
less critical items are specified only by performance (such as service lifts).
Key to deciding whether to specify a building component prescriptively or not, is considering
who is most likely to achieve bestvalue,theclient,thedesigners or thecontractor:
Largeclients may be able to procure certain products at competitive rates themselves (forexample the government),
Somedesigners may have particular experience of using a specific product (althoughsomeclients may not allowdesigners to specify particular products as they believe it
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restricts competition and innovation and may relieve thecontractor of their liability for
'fitness for purpose').
Thecontractor may be best placed to specify products that affect build ability.Specifications should be developed iteratively alongside the design, and not left until the
preparation of production information. Bytender they should describe every aspect of the
building in such a way that there is no uncertainty about what thecontractor is pricing.
Aspects of the works are generally specified by:
Products (by standard, a description of attributes, naming (perhaps allowing equivalentalternatives) or by nominating suppliers).
Workmanship (by compliance with manufacturers requirements, reference to a code ofpractice or standards or by approval of samples or by testing).
It should be possible to verify standards of products andworkmanshipby testing,inspection,
mock-ups and samples, and documentation such as manufacturerscertificates.
Specifications should be structured according towork packages mirroring the separation of
the works intosub-contracts.This makes it easier for thecontractor to price and so may result
in a more accuratetender.TheCommon Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS) includes
300 different work sections, reflecting the range of specialists andsub-contractors in
common use. Proprietaryspecifications (such as the National BuildingSpecification (NBS))
follow theCommon Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS) and are continually updated.
Subscribing to such a service ensures that all clauses and standards referred to in aspecification are up to date.
NB This system is currently undergoing considerable change, withCAWSbeing
incorporated into Uniclass, Uniclass being replaced withUniclass2 andSMM7being
superceded by theNew Rules of Measurement(NRM).NRM uses its own system of
indexing. SeeCAWS orNew Rules of Measurement for more information.
The development ofBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) can allow the creation of a
building model populated withspecification information meaning that there is no need to
prepare a separatespecification
Specifications are of two types:-
(1)General specification
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(2) Detailed specification.
General specification or Brief specification- General specification gives the nature and
class of the work materials in general terms, to be used in various parts of the work, from the
foundation to the super structure. It is a short description of different parts of the work
specifying materials, proportions, qualities, etc. General specifications give general idea of
the whole work or structure useful for preparing the estimate.
Detailed Specifications-The detailed specification is a detailed description and expresses the
requirements in detail.
The detailed specification of an item of work specifies the qualities and quantities of
materials, the proportion of mortar, workmanship, the method of preparation and execution
and the methods of measurement.
The detailed specifications of different items of work are prepared separately, and describe
what the works should be and how they shall be executed and constructed. Detailed
specifications are written to express the requirements clearly in a concise form avoiding
repetition and ambiguity. The detailed specifications are arranged as far as possible in the
same sequence of order as the work is carried out. The detailed specifications form an
important part of contract document.
Every engineering department prepares the detailed specifications of various items of works
and get them printed in book form under the name 'Detailed specifications'. When the work,
or a structure or project is taken up, instead of writing detailed specification every time, the
printed Detailed Specifications are referred.
The detailed specifications of different items of work are prepared separately, and describe
what the works should be and how they shall be executed and constructed. Detailed
specifications are written to express the requirements clearly in a concise form avoiding
repetition and ambiguity. The detailed specifications are arranged as far as possible in the
same sequence of order as the work is carried out. The detailed specifications form an
important part of contract document.
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9.Drawings
-complete act of drawings including:
Planes
Elevations
Sections
Detailed drawings
The plan and all fully dimensioned.
FIG 3;A drawing of sectional elevation of a three room building
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10.Condition of contract
-containing the terms and conditions of contract in detail. The conditions specify the
following:-
a) Rates inclusive of materials, transport, labour, Tand P, all other agreements are necessary
for completion of work
b) Amount of security money
c) Time for completion of the work
d) Progress to be maintained
e) Penalty for unsatisfactory and bad work, for failure in maintaining progress, for delay in
completion
FIG 4; A drawing showing plan of a three room building
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f) Mode of payment, running account payment, final payment, security money refund
g) Extension of time limit of contract
h) Rules of for employment of debitable agency, termination of contract
i) Minimum wages to labour, compensation to labour
Contract conditions set out the principal legal relationship between the parties to
aconstructionproject, determining the allocation ofrisk and consequently, price.
English law, unlike the codified legal systems in Europe, which recognize a duty ofgood
faith, is not concerned with fairness but with certainty (unless it is a
consumercontractprotected by statute such as the Consumer Protection Act 1987 or
theUnfair Contract Terms Act 1977 )
Theconstruction sector has a wide range of standard forms ofcontract which are intended to
balance therisk of the parties but more importantly, through extensive and repeated use, give
rise to a certainty of meaning. Well known standard formcontracts include theJoint
Contracts Tribunal (JCT), theNew Engineering Contract (NEC) and for international
projectsFederation International des Ingenieurs-Conseil (FIDIC).
NB Standard formcontracts also provide for differentprocurement routes,such as:
Construction management. Design and build. Design build finance and operate (PPP /PFI / DBO / BOOT). Emerging cost contracts. Engineering Procurement and Construction Contract (EPC) /Turnkey contract Engineering Procurement and Construction Management contract (EPCM) FF&E (Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment)contract. Framework agreements. Management contract. Measured term contracts Measurement contract ('re-measurement' or measure andvaluecontract)
http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contract_conditionshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Constructionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Riskhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Good_faithhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Good_faithhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/43http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/50http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Constructionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Riskhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.jctcontracts.com/http://www.jctcontracts.com/http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/JCThttp://www.neccontract.com/http://www.fidic.org/http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Procurement_routeshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_managementhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_and_buildhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_build_finance_and_operatehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/PPPhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/PFIhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Emerging_cost_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineering_Procurement_and_Construction_Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Turnkey_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineering_Procurement_and_Construction_Management_Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/FF%26Ehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Furniture,_fixtures_and_equipmenthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Framework_agreementhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Management_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Measured_term_contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Measurement_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Valuehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Valuehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Valuehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Measurement_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Measured_term_contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Management_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Framework_agreementhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Furniture,_fixtures_and_equipmenthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/FF%26Ehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineering_Procurement_and_Construction_Management_Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Turnkey_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineering_Procurement_and_Construction_Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Emerging_cost_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/PFIhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/PPPhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_build_finance_and_operatehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_and_buildhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_managementhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Procurement_routeshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.fidic.org/http://www.neccontract.com/http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/JCThttp://www.jctcontracts.com/http://www.jctcontracts.com/http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Riskhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Constructionhttp://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/50http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/43http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Good_faithhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Good_faithhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Riskhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Constructionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contract_conditions -
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Partnering. Prime cost contract /cost plus contract /cost reimbursable contract Prime contracting /prime-type contracting Traditional contract.
Typical conditions found inconstruction contracts can include (in alphabetical order):
Access. Assignment,rights of third parties andcollateral warranties. Contractor's design. Contract sum and adjustment, Date forpossession,deferment of possession, progress, delays,completion date,
suspension &termination.
Dispute resolution procedures andalternative dispute resolution. Employer's instructions. Force majeure. Information release schedule. Insolvency. Injury, damage andinsurance. Joint Fire Code.
Liquidated damages. Net contribution clause. Partial possession. Payment,valuation (includingoff-site materials),certificates,fluctuations andretention. Practical completion. Project management andcontract administration. Quality of works. Relevant events (compensation events),extensions of time andloss and expense. Sectional completion. Statutory obligations. Sub-contractors. Testing anddefects (defects liability period) Variations,prime cost sums andprovisional sums.
http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Partneringhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime_cost_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Cost_plus_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Cost_reimbursable_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime_contractinghttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime-type_contractinghttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Traditional_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Assignmenthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Rights_of_third_partieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Collateral_warrantieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractorhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contract_sumhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Possessionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Deferment_of_possessionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Completion_datehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Terminationhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Disputehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Alternative_Dispute_Resolutionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Employer%27s_instructionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Force_majeurehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Information_release_schedulehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Insolvencyhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Insurancehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Joint_fire_codehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Liquidated_damageshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Net_contribution_clausehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Partial_possessionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Paymenthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Off-site_materialshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_contract_certificates,_notices_and_instructionshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Fluctuationshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Retentionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Practical_completionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_managementhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contract_administrationhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Relevant_eventshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Compensation_eventshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Extensions_of_timehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Loss_and_expensehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sectional_completionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Statutory_obligationshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sub-contractorshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Defectshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Defects_liability_periodhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Variationshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime_cost_sumhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Provisional_sumshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Provisional_sumshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime_cost_sumhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Variationshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Defects_liability_periodhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Defectshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sub-contractorshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Statutory_obligationshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sectional_completionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Loss_and_expensehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Extensions_of_timehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Compensation_eventshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Relevant_eventshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contract_administrationhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_managementhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Practical_completionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Retentionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Fluctuationshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_contract_certificates,_notices_and_instructionshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Off-site_materialshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Paymenthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Partial_possessionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Net_contribution_clausehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Liquidated_damageshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Joint_fire_codehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Insurancehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Insolvencyhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Information_release_schedulehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Force_majeurehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Employer%27s_instructionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Alternative_Dispute_Resolutionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Disputehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Terminationhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Completion_datehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Deferment_of_possessionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Possessionhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contract_sumhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractorhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Collateral_warrantieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Rights_of_third_partieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Assignmenthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Traditional_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime-type_contractinghttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime_contractinghttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Cost_reimbursable_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Cost_plus_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prime_cost_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Partnering 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Conditions of contract must be read in conjunction as contract must be read in conjunction
withspecification documents,drawingsbills of quantities,activity schedules and special
conditions. Standard formcontracts often comprise suites of contracts with back to back
subcontracts,consultantappointments andcollateral warranties. The use of core conditions
with option schedules or supplemental provisions is also now common.
11. Special condition
- depending on the nature of works, regarding
Taxes royalties which are included in rates labour camp labour amenities Compensation to labour in case of accident, etc.
http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Conditions_of_contracthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Specificationhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Drawingshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Bills_of_quantitieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Activity_schedulehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Consultanthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Appointmentshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Collateral_warrantieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Collateral_warrantieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Appointmentshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Consultanthttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Contractshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Activity_schedulehttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Bills_of_quantitieshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Drawingshttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Specificationhttp://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Conditions_of_contract