contraceptive technology. please note no artificial birth control is 100% effective in protecting...
TRANSCRIPT
Contraceptive Technology
Please Note
•No artificial birth control is 100% effective in protecting against pregnancy or STIs.
•Abstinence*, however, is. We’ll talk about what abstinence is at the end.
List of Common STIs• Chancroid• Chlamydia• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)• Genital Warts (HPV)• Gonorrhea (The Clap)• Hepatitis A• Hepatitis B• Hepatitis C• Herpes (HSV1)• Herpes (HSV2)• HIV & AIDS• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)• Intestinal Parasites
• Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
• Molluscum Contagiosum• Mononucleosis (Mono)• Mycoplasma Genitalium• Nongonococcal Urethritis
(NGU)• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)• Pubic Lice (Crabs)• Scabies• Syphilis• Trichomoniasis (Trich)• Vaginitis (BV, Yeast, Etc.)
Fill in the following on your chart.•I will go through each contraceptive
technology. Fill in the important information on your chart as we go.
Sterilization•Women
▫This can be done through surgery or a micro insert that causes scar tissue that blocks the fallopian tubes
▫Woman no longer releases eggs•Men
▫No longer releases sperm▫Vasectomy
Sterilization•Does not protect against STIs
•Much less than 1 in a 100 will become pregnant
Birth Control Patch
Birth Control Patch•Woman affixes an adhesive patch to her buttocks, arm, or stomach each week
•Hormones are released into the blood•The egg is not released by the woman•Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving
•If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb
Birth Control Patch•Does not protect against STIs•9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Birth Control Pill
Birth Control Pill•Woman takes a pill at the same time each day (if not at the same time, it is significantly less effective)
•Hormones are released by taking a pill•The egg is not released by the woman•Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving
•If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb
Birth Control Pill• Approved by the FDA in 1960• Most Common Side Effects
▫ Migranes caused by a drop in estrogen before a period (also from the patch and the ring)
▫ Nausea caused by estrogen (also from the patch and the ring)▫ Spotting caused by low-estrogen making the uterine lining
start to shed (also from an IUD, implant, shot, patch, and ring)▫ Mood swings caused by progestins▫ Acne from increased oil production, courtesy of progestin
(also from IUD, implant, and shot)▫ Painful or heavy periods (also with non-hormonal IUDs)▫ Weight gain (on average about 10 pounds) and fluid retention
(feeling bloated) from combination hormones (also from patch, ring, and shot)
Birth Control Pill•Does not protect against STIs•9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Birth Control Ring
Birth Control Ring•Ring is inserted into the vagina once a month and remains there for three weeks slowly releasing hormones
•The egg is not released by the woman•Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving
•If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb
Birth Control Ring•Does not protect against STIs•9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Female Condom
Female Condom• A polyurethane covering is placed inside the woman’s vagina blocking the cervix
Female Condom•Does protect against some STIs
•21 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Male Condom
Male Condom•A latex covering is placed over the penis, which does not allow sperm to enter the vagina
Male Condom•Does protect against only some STIs
•18 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Birth Control Shot
Birth Control Shot• The woman receives an injection from a doctor four times per year (in the arm or buttocks)
•The woman’s body does not release an egg
Birth Control Shot•Does not protect against STIs•6 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Diaphragm
Diaphragm• Dome shaped rubber piece is placed over the cervix before intercourse
•Used with spermicide•Blocks sperm from entering uterus•Must be left in for six hours after sexual intercourse so spermicide can kill all the sperm in the woman
Diaphragm•Does not protect against STIs•16 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Emergency Contraception
Emergency Contraception
• Over-the-counter pill taken within 72 hours of having sexual intercourse
• Stops the release of the egg•Affects movement and function of sperm
•Affects walls of uterus so egg can not attach to the wall of the uterus
Emergency Contraception
•Does not protect against STIs•11 in 100 couples will become pregnant if used perfectly
IUD – Intrauterine Device
IUD – Intrauterine Device
•Hormonal or Copper •May make fluids in the uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving
• May not allow a fertilized egg to attach to the wall of the uterus
•IUD is replaced once every 3 – 12 years depending on the prescription
IUD – Intrauterine Device
•Does not protect against STIs•1 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Implant
•Much like an IUD in function•Matchstick-size implant is inserted into
the arm for 3 years
Implant
•Does not protect against STIs•1 in 100 will become pregnant if used
perfectly
Natural Family Planning
•Only having sex when the woman is in the part of her cycle when an egg is not being released
•Monitoring daily temperature, body rhythms, and monthly cycles very carefully
NFP•Does not protect against STIs•25 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Spermicide
Spermicide•A cream or gel that contains a chemical that kills sperm cells
•Put into the vagina with a applicator or found as a coating on some male condoms
Spermicide•Does not protect against STIs•29 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Withdrawal•The penis is removed from the vagina before ejaculations
•Pre-ejaculate is often released during intercourse which may contain sperm cells
Withdrawal•Does not protect against STIs•27 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Not Using Any Birth Control
•Attempting to conceive•Man ejaculates in the woman
Not Using Any Birth Control
•Does not protect against STIs•85 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
Abstinence•The couple does not engage in any sexual acts
•The “keep your pants on” method.
Abstinence•Does protect against STIs when you keep both of your pants on
•0 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly
FAQs• Can I get pregnant from anal intercourse or oral intercourse?
▫ This isn’t a complete no. Semen must enter the vagina to cause pregnancy; however, fingers or hands could move it there. Oh, and it definitely DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs.
• Can antibiotics make a contraceptive less effective?▫ Absolutely. Not all medication will change the effectiveness of hormone-based
contraceptives, but some will. • My friend said that smoking pot works as a contraceptive. Is this true?
▫ Nope! Not one bit. Aside from it being illegal, it alters your ability to make good choices too. Oh, and it definitely DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs.
• What about the other “methods:” diet-soda wash; pushing really hard on your belly button; intercourse standing up; plastic wrap, a balloon, or chicken skin “condom”; jumping up and down after intercourse; sneezing violently; intercourse in a hot tub; taking an aspirin after intercourse; or the female not reaching orgasm”▫ No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, and no. Oh, and they definitely DO
NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs.