PowerPoint Presentation

Contextual Data Collection for Smart Cities

The 6th Workshop on Semantics for Smarter Cities (S4SC 2015) at The 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015)Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Henrique O. Santos, LEC-UNIFOR and TW-RPIVasco Furtado, LEC-UNIFOR and CITINOVA

Paulo Pinheiro, TW-RPI

Deborah L. McGuinness, TW-RPI

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Smart Cities

Smart City is a city that is aimed to the future, i.e., with public policies to foster its safeness, sustainability, creativeness, innovativeness and so forth

Two keys points are identified: access to and understanding of city data

- It is common sense that a smart city is- In order for those to succeed, key points

Smart Cities are cities that produce relevant data thatcan be understood, derive knowledge from this dataand use that knowledge to empower the city aspects.Our definition of smart city is more generalized

Open Government Data (OGD)

City data encompasses not only datasets containing regular data from city agencies, but also datasets and streams containing monitored data from sensors deployed throughout the city

This monitored data is normally published as regular datasets (many times in CSV format) without further information about the sensor network that is behind the collection of the data

Monitored data is about data that is collected empirically by sensors deployed in the city. It talks about a measured value that is obtained while sensing a characteristic of an entity of interest

Aspects of OGD today

AspectHow it is addressedData presentation to the stakeholders- DatasetsMetadata information- Description text files- Annotations- Derived from the aboveProvenance- Dataset level: Description text files- Data level: (mostly not addressed)Context(Not addressed)

Context timeline

t

Feb 12, 2015, 11:45PM

Feb 11, 2015, 10:00AMConfiguration

DeploymentDec 28, 2015, 11:32AM

Dec 16, 2015, 9:55AMCalibration

AcquireNov 4, 2014, 12:55PM

tFebruary 12, 2015, 9:30AMFebruary 12, 2015, 11:45PM

Auto calibrationOct , 2015, 10:33AMFeb 12, 2015, 9:30AM

City sensor network

SensorsWhat is being monitored on the city?

Where are the sensors deployed?

What are the sensors capable of monitoring?Monitored data

Is this data coming from which sensor?

Can one compare two monitored values for scientific purposes?

When looking at monitored data datasets, those are the some of questions we can't easily answer today

HASNetO

The Human-Aware Sensor Network Ontology [1]

VSTO-I

OBOE

DeploymentData CollectionDatasetMeasurement

EntityCharacteristicUnitPlatform

InstrumentDetector

1. Pinheiro, P., McGuinness, D.L., Santos, H.: Human-Aware Sensor Network Ontology: Semantic Support for Empirical Data Collection. In: Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Linked Science. Bethlehem, PA, USA (2015)2. Fox, P., McGuinness, D.L., Cinquini, L., West, P., Garcia, J., Benedict, J.L., Middleton, D.: Ontology-supported scientific data frameworks: The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory experience. Computers & Geosciences 35(4), 724738 (Apr 2009)3. http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o4. Madin, J., Bowers, S., Schildhauer, M., Krivov, S., Pennington, D., Villa, F.: An ontology for describing and synthesizing ecological observation data. Ecological Informatics 2(3), 279296 (Oct 2007)

[2]

[3]

[4]

- Links and extends the PROV, VSTO and OBOE- Describes Sensor Network, Scientific Activities and Entities of interest

HASNetO-SC

The Human-Aware Sensor Network Ontology for Smart Cities

Contextualized CSV - CCSV

TimeStamp,AirTemp_C_Avg,RH_Pct_Avg2015-02-12T09:30:00Z,-4.5,66.582015-02-12T09:45:00Z,-4.372,66.452015-02-12T10:00:00Z,-4.146,65.982015-02-12T10:15:00Z,-4.084,66.222015-02-12T10:30:00Z,-4.251,67.482015-02-12T10:45:00Z,-4.185,69.852015-02-12T11:00:00Z,-4.133,722015-02-12T11:15:00Z,-3.959,70.842015-02-12T23:00:00Z,-9.63,77.882015-02-12T23:15:00Z,-10.48,80.82015-02-12T23:30:00Z,-10.96,822015-02-12T23:45:00Z,-10.1,80.7

tFebruary 12, 2015, 9:30AMFebruary 12, 2015, 11:45PM

sensessenses

sensesSOLRCCSV-loader

Ontologies(HASNetO, OBOE, PROV, VSTO)DataMetadata

data (CCSV)

data (CCSV)

expanded CSV

Sensor network description

Data browser

SPARQL / SOLR queries

Data users

Architecture

Sensor network description into the metadata storeSensors broadcast ccsv datasetsCCSV Loader loads data into data store using metadata knowledgeData browser is made available to data users

Fortaleza is the 5th biggest capital in BrazilWith more than 2.5 million residentsRead the slidesA year ago launched its open data portalMore recently, launched

Use case: Fortaleza bus transportation system

http://dados.fortaleza.ce.gov.br

Used datasetsBus checkpoints

Bus companies

Bus fleet

GPS measurements for February 2015

Checkpoint: device deployed on a lat/long that is able to tell if a particular bus is entering or leaving its area of monitoring

Domain ontology

Fortaleza bus sensor network description

- Every checkpoint became a vstoi:Instrument- Checkpoints are located in road segments, so the road segments became platforms

Aspects of OGD with HASNetO-SC

AspectHow it is addressedHow we are addressing

Data presentation to the stakeholders- Datasets- Data collections

Metadata information- Description text files- Annotations- Derived from the above- HASNetO-SC sensor network- OBOE concepts

Provenance- Dataset level: Description text files- Data level: (mostly not addressed)- PROV-O

Context(Not addressed)- HASNetO activities

Conclusion and next steps

A challenge exists in representing context in city sensor networks in a meaningful way, i.e., that can leverage the full potential the data it collects

Our work addresses that challenge by linking the monitored data to metadata (sensor network and activities) using CCSV and HASNetO-SC

We are approaching monitored data, but non-monitored data also plays a main role on smart cities. We are currently researching how to cope PROV with told data

Thank you!

Questions?

Henrique O. Santos oliveh@rpi.eduVasco Furtado vasco@unifor.brPaulo Pinheiro pinhep@rpi.eduDeborah L. McGuinness dlm@cs.rpi.edu

10/12/15

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10/12/15