contents intro cutter suction dredge - central dredging … · 2016-05-18 · intro cutter suction...

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18/05/2016 1 Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) van Rhee D dgi g E gi ig Dredging Engineering Delft University of Technology Contents Intro General layout Working Method 18 May 2016 2 Cutter head Intro Cutting Theory (Sand and Rock) Mixing in cutter – spillage Operational Limits Small < 250 kW Cutter Cutter Suction uction Dredger redgers Large > 2500 kW Medium, 1500 kW Components Pontoon Ladder Cutter head + drive system S i li 18 May 2016 4 Suction line Support system + winch Spuds Pumps + discharge system Side wires + winches

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Page 1: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

18/05/2016

1

Intro Cutter Suction Dredge

Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) van Rhee

D dgi g E gi i gDredging Engineering

Delft University of Technology

Contents

• Intro

• General lay‐out

• Working Method

18 May 2016 2

• Cutter head

• Intro Cutting Theory (Sand and Rock)

• Mixing in cutter – spillage

• Operational Limits

Small < 250 kW

Cutter Cutter SSuction uction DDredgerredgerss

Large > 2500 kWMedium, 1500 kW

Components

• Pontoon

• Ladder

– Cutter head + drive system

S i li

18 May 2016 4

– Suction line

– Support system + winch

• Spuds

• Pumps + discharge system

• Side wires + winches

Page 2: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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LadderSpud system

Pump + suction line

18 May 2016 5

pontoon Cutter head

Sidewires

service crane

control room

stepping spud service platform

working spud

18 May 2016 6

cutterhead

main engine + pump room

laddermain engine + pump room anchor

booms

anchor wire

Working principle

• Cutter disintegrates or dislodges the material 

mechanically by rotating cutter head

• Swinging around working spud

18 May 2016 7

• Swinging around working spud

• Progress by successive steps

• Material sucked up and transported through 

pipeline by use of centrifugal dredge pumps

CSD Work Method  (1)

Swing to starboard

Page 3: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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CSD Work Method (2)

Stop at starboard, push dredger forward

CSD Work Method (3)

Start swing to portside

CSD Work Method  (4)

Continue swing to portside

CSD Work Method (5)

Stop at portside, push dredger forward to next starboard cut

Page 4: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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CSD Work Method (6)

Start swing tostarboard

CSD Work Method (7)

Stop in centre line

CSD Work Method (8)

Auxiliairy spud is lowered

CSD Work Method (9)

Main spud is hoisted up

Page 5: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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CSD Work Method (10)

The spud‐carrier with the hoisted main spud is moved forward

CSD Work Method (11)

Main spud is lowered

CSD Work Method (12)

Auxiliairy spud is hoisted up

CSD Work Method (13)

Dredger starts swinging / dredging

to starboard

Page 6: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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CSD Work Method (14)

Continuation of starboard swing 

Under and over cuttingforce balance

Side winch: pullingVert: lifting force needed

Side winch: breakingVert: pushing force needed

18 May 2016 22

DsDs

Under cutting mode Over cutting mode

Discharge Methods

• Pipeline

• Barge loading

18 May 2016 23

Discharge by pipeline

18 May 2016 24

Page 7: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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Barge loading

18 May 2016 25 18 May 2016 26

18 May 2016 27

Cutter Head

• General 

• Teeth systems

• Cutting process

18 May 2016 28

• Mixing process

Page 8: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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18 May 2016 29

Clay cutter Rock cutter

• Moviehouder mes

getand mes

snijtand

houder tweezijdige bevestiging

borg

pen

punttand

houder vollas

18 May 2016 32

getand mes

'serrated' mes

glad mes

houder tweezijdige bevestiging

beiteltand

houder enkel

Page 9: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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18 May 2016 33

Vosta

18 May 2016 34

18 May 2016 35 18 May 2016 36

Page 10: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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Bucket wheels

18 May 2016 37

Ellicott wheel

Cutting Theory

18 May 2016 38

18 May 2016 39 18 May 2016 40

Page 11: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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Basic failure modes

Flow Type

18 May 2016 41

Shear Type Tear Type

Cutting in Sand

• Effect of pore pressure

18 May 2016 42

Forces on the blade

18 May 2016 43

TS

F

F=G tan(phi)

phi = friction angle

18 May 2016 44

G

G tan(phi)

Page 12: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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18 May 2016 45

Dilatancy

•Dilatancy explained

18 May 2016 46

18 May 2016 47 18 May 2016 48

Page 13: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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18 May 2016 49

Negative pore pressure(under pressure)

18 May 2016 50

Forces on layer – effect of dilatancyT=S’ tan(phi)       Coulomb

S’=S‐u

S’   : effective stress S    : Total Stressu    : Pore water pressure

18 May 2016 51

S   0   :  S’=‐uPore water pressure is negativeIncrease in effective stressIncrease in Shear stress

u::v h/k

u pore pressure

h i d h

18 May 2016 52

h cutting depth

v cutting velocity

k permeability

Page 14: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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Cutting Sand:

• Larger Cutting forces with

– Lower permeability (finer sand)

– Increase cutting depth & velocity

Increase water depth

18 May 2016 53

– Increase water depth

Under and over cuttingforce balance

Side winch: pullingVert: lifting force needed

Side winch: breakingVert: pushing force needed

18 May 2016 54

DsDs

Under cutting mode Over cutting mode

Rock Cutting

18 May 2016 55

Failure modes duringCutting

Chip

Tensile crack

hShear crack

18 May 2016 56

Tool

Crushed zone

Shear plane

Shear zone

Plastic deformation

Brittle-ductile transition

Page 15: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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Forces during cutting

B r i t t l e & D u c t i l e C u t t i n g

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

18 May 2016 57

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0

T i m e

For

ce B r i t t l eD u c t i le

Rock cutting

• Large cutting forces

– Strength Cutter and teeth

– Teeth placement important

Tooth wear

18 May 2016 58

– Tooth wear

Spillage

18 May 2016 59

spill

Spillage 

Low cutterRev.

18 May 2016 60

High cutterRev.

Page 16: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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Cutter head production processin rock or gravel

18 May 2016 61

Cutter head productions c.q. Spillage

•The rotational speed of the cutter head causes spillage.

–Cutter acts as a pump

•The productivity c.q. spillage depends on the ratio:

18 May 2016 62

The productivity c.q. spillage depends on the ratio:

•For sand the productivity is:

•For rock the productivity is much lower

32.5 pump

rcutter

QP

R

Influence of waves on operation

• CSD is a floating object

• Response due to wave loading as with other floating structures, but ….

T i l t f t ith l dd

18 May 2016 63

– Typical geometry of pontoon with ladder

– Interaction with soil

• Spud – Spud carriage system

• Cutter head

• Numerical prediction still not satisfactory

Wave influence

• CSD not only decisive

– Aux. Equipment

– Coupling, de‐coupling of floating pipeline

18 May 2016 64

Page 17: Contents Intro Cutter Suction Dredge - Central Dredging … · 2016-05-18 · Intro Cutter Suction Dredge Prof. Dr. Ir. C. (Cees) ... force balance Side winch: pulling Vert: lifting

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Application of CSD

• Nearly all kinds of soils (sand, clay, rock <30 MPa)

• Sensitive to wave conditions

• Stationary dredger (vulnerable for shipping)

• Some are self‐propelled for mobilisation

18 May 2016 65

• Max. dredging depth 30 m

Limiting Factors

Excavation

Soil characteristics

Available power on cutter

Side winches (max. power and velocity)

18 May 2016 66

Thickness and width of the layer to be dredged

Dredging depth (ladder angle, spuds, vacuum limit)

Pumping distance (pump‐ and pump drive characteristics)

Shipping

???

Next Webinar :Intro Trailing Suction Hopper Dredge

• September 14  2016

• 14:00 – 15:00 CEST