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To attain the grade

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All important points highlighted_

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Each chapter divided into convenient Sections

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contents easily comprehensible

Vernacular support given wherever required.

AllTextual Activities and Exercises appended with suitable answers.

Higher OrderThinking Skills

dealt with in detail.

(HOTS) andValue Based Questions

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ModelTest Papers for final Revision & Practice.

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Our Guiding Belief

XD.P. Bhanot

Shailja Sangar

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Wide range of Factual & Discursive Passages

for .Unseen Reading Comprehension

Comprehensive Practice throughVSAQ’s,

SAQ’s, LAQ’s,VLAQ’s and MCQ’s.

Writing Skills –Vast range of topics on Letter

Writing,Article Writing & Story Writing.

Exam-style Integrated Exercises on

Grammar – Gap Filling, Editing,

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EnglishCommunicative

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Volume -1

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EnglishCommunicative

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VOLUME 1-READING SKILLS

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Inner.psF:\Renu 2016-17\MBD Super Refresher-2016-17\MBD S.R. Communicative English-X (Final) 08-02-2017\Volume-I\Prelims Page\MBD COM English X 2017 OK.CDRWednesday, February 22, 2017 10:58:49 AMColor profile: Disabled

D.P. BhanotShailja Sangar

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We are committed to serve students with best of our knowledge and resources. We have taken utmost care and attentionwhile editing and printing this book but we would beg to state that Authors and Publishers should not be held responsiblefor unintentional mistake that might have crept in. However, errors brought to our notice shall be gratefully acknowledged andattended to.

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MBD BOOKS FOR X C.B.S.E.� MBD Super Refresher Communicative English � MBD Super Refresher Social Science� MBD Super Refresher English Language & Literature � MBD Super Refresher Science� MBD Super Refresher Hindi Course 'A' � MBD Sanskrit Guide� MBD Super Refresher Hindi Course 'B' � MBD Punjabi� MBD Super Refresher Mathematics

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Super Refresher

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21. Outbreak of Cholera in the City 11522. The Evil of Child Abuse 11623. True Homage to Gandhiji 11724. Teenage Problems 11825. Problems of Slum Dwellers 11926. Problem of Global Warming 12027. How to Boost Tourism Industry 12028. The Importance of National Integration 12129. Celebrating Teachers’ Day 12230. About Time Management and

Punctuality 12331. Influence of Friends on Youngsters 12432. The Evil of Cheating in Examinations 12433. About Rising Prices 12534. About Stinking Streets Due to MCD

Employees’ Strike 12635. About Improvement in City Roads 12736. Complaint About Increasing Thefts 12837. Participation in Half Marathon 129

Letters for Practice 129

3.2 Article Writing 131–1581. Children and TV Advertising 1332. Need for Art and Music in Schools 1333. The Green Gardens Resort 1344. Teenagers Hooked on to New Gadgets 1345. The Horribly Changed Face of the City 1356. Scarcity of Clean Drinking Water

in the Country 1357. Importance of Good Health 1368. Cancer — A Silent Killer 1369. Promotion of Tourism 137

10. Role of School in a Child’s Life 13711. Atithi Devo Bhava 13812. Respect of the Rules 13813. Girls Still at Risk 139

SECTION—A(Reading Comprehension)

1. Factual Passages with V.S.A.Type Questions 3–38Answer Key 39–45

2. Discursive Passages with S.A. TypeQuestions & MCQs 46–89Answer Key 90–96

SECTION—B(Writing and Grammar)

* Composition Writing3.1 Letters to the Editor 98–130

1. About Bad Condition of Water Supply 1002. About the Evil of Drinking 1003. About Increase in Road Accidents 1014. About Increase in Antisocial Activities 1025. About the Problem of Begging 1026. Describing a ‘Gherao’ of Buses 1037. Communal Harmony 1038. Modern Fashions 1049. Diseases During Summers 105

10. The Evil of Child Labour 10511. Need to be Law-abiding Citizens 10612. Importance of Education 10713. Physical and Mental Stress on Children 10814. About Improvement in

Teaching of English 10915. Need of Environmental Awareness 10916. Need of Counselling after Class X 11017. Having Knowledge of First Aid 11118. Having Life with a Goal 11219. Consequences of Sedentary Lifestyle 11320. Cruelty to Animals 114

ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE – CLASS X

SECTIONS—A & B

(READING, WRITING & GRAMMAR)

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14. Importance of Trees for Man’s Survival 14015. The Growing Menace of Junk Food

Among Schoolchildren 14016. Road Safety for Schoolchildren 14117. Effect of Examinations on Teaching

and Learning in Schools 14218. The Evil of Drug Addiction 14219. Craze for New Fashions 14320. Violence Among the Youth 14321. Why Every School Must

Have a School Uniform 14422. Importance of Games and Yoga 14423. Television — A Blessing 14524. Thefts — Prevention is Better Than Cure 14525. Smoking — A Silent Killer 14626. Patriotism and the Youth 14627. Overpopulation 14728. Stepmotherly Treatment to Hockey

Players 14829. Tree Plantation 14930. The Generation Gap 15031. Modern Gadgets Have Made

Us Slaves to Machines 15032. Save the Planet Earth 15133. The Present-day Unruly

and Uncivil Behaviour 15234. Mobile Phones — a Boon or a Bane 15235. Preserving the Environment 15336. Youth and National Integration 15437. How to Build a New and Clean India 15438. Living in the Lap of Nature 15539. Good Manners 15540. Importance of Education in Personality

Development 15641. Importance of Clean Surroundings 15742. Use of Technology in Education 157

Articles for Practice 158

4. Story Writing 159–1841. An Accident on a Dark Wintry Night 1612. Having a Cat as a Pet 1613. Stick No Bills 1624. A Dog Rescued from Drowning 1625. The Foolish King 1626. A Horrible Storm 1637. The Case of a Dog Bite 1648. How the Genie Fulfilled Ramesh’s Desire 1649. Ticket Examiner in the Railway

Compartment 16410. A Case of Snakebite 165

11. Swami Catches a Burglar 16512. A Robbery in Raju’s House 16613. A Little Ball of Fur 16614. Meeting an Old Friend 16715. The Sin of Neglecting Our Elders 16716. On Forgetfulness 16817. Say ‘No’ to Crackers 16818. A Ghastly Murder 16919. On Taking Part in Sports 16920. On Losing the Way 17021. A House on Fire 17022. Seeking Parents’ Permission for a Movie 17123. A Daylight Robbery 17124. An Act of Nobility 17225. A Narrow Escape from Being Drowned 17326. A Horrible Dream 17327. Dishonesty Always Shows Itself 17428. A Boy’s Daring Act 17429. The Parent-Teacher Meeting was

Scheduled 17530. Rajni’s Treasure Hunt 17531. Truth Always Pays 17632. A Fine Experiencing of Trekking 17633. A Robbery Attempt in the Factory 17734. My Dog Snoopy 17735. A Swimming Misadventure 17836. How I Caught a Thief 17837. Preparing for the Examination 17938. How I Helped a Baggar Boy 18039. A Few Moments of Horror 18040. How a Boy Helped a Wounded Sparrow 18141. How I Helped an Old Man 18142. A Godsend 18243. A Novel Birthday Gift 18244. A Snatching Incident 18345. A Child’s Daring Act 18346. The Monkey and the Crocodile 18447. The Thirsty Crow 184

*Grammar5. Gap Filling 185–1946. Editing / Omission 195–223

Type-I 195Type-II 213

7.1 Sentence Reordering 224–2387.2 Sentence Transformation 239–262

Type-I 249Type-II 251Type-III 255Type-IV 259

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1

Questions 1–2

READING COMPREHENSION(Factual and Discursive Passages)

Examination Specifications :

This section will have two unseen passages of a total length of 700-750 words.

The arrangement within the reading section is as follows :

Q. 1. A Factual passage of 300-350 words with eight very-short-answer type

questions.

Q. 2. A Discursive passage of 350-400 words with four short-answer type

questions to test inference, evaluation and analysis and four MCQs to

test vocabulary.

SECTION�

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UNSEEN READING COMPREHENSION

WHAT TO DOThe aim of ‘Reading Comprehension’ is to measure your ability to read and understand.

In order to be able to comprehend a given passage and to answer the related questions in a clear

and precise manner, students are advised to keep in mind the following suggestions :

1. Read the given passage slowly and carefully.

2. Try to understand the gist of the passage or what it is about.

3. Read the passage once again if you have not grasped its meaning fully at the first reading.

4. Don’t get unduly upset if the meanings of some difficult words in the passage are not known

to you. If you apply a little thought, you can guess the meanings of such words in relation to

the sense in which they have been used in a particular sentence or context.

5. After you have grasped the passage, read the questions given below it, one by one.

6. Underline those parts of the passage which give the key or clue to your answers.

7. When the answers to all the given questions are clear to you, pen them down in your

answer-book.

8. As far as possible, use your own words. Don’t copy the language of the passage.

9. Your answers should be brief, clear and to the point. Often it is possible to give a good answer,

using only a single word or phrase, and it is not necessary to write in complete sentences.

10. Your language should be simple but correct.

11. Revise your answers and examine them carefully to see that they are clear and complete. If an

answer is too long, you must further compress it by omitting unnecessary details.

12. Correct all mistakes in spelling, grammar, punctuation, etc.

13. In case of multiple-choice questions, study all the given alternatives carefully and only then

make your choice. It never pays to make a guess.

Students are advised to develop a habit of using dictionary. Often it happens that we skip off a

word we don’t understand in a piece of writing, and feel content by merely making a guess of its

meaning or sense. We don’t take the trouble of looking up its contextual meaning in some good

dictionary. Such laziness never pays, and should be given up at once. Students who make the use of

dictionary a habit with them, can surely enrich their vocabulary and gain a good command of the

language. Look upon your dictionary as your Bible, your friend and guide !

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UNSEEN COMPREHENSION(Type-I)

FACTUAL PASSAGES (300-350 words)(Passages followed by eight V.S.A. Questions)

Note : Answers to all the passages have been given at the end of this Set. Students are advisedto attempt each passage themselves and then compare their answers with the givenanswers, or have them checked by their teachers.

PASSAGE 1

1 There are several reasons for a headache. Physical, emotional and mental factors, anxiety and tensionare a few. Sometimes, headache can be a signal of an underlying disease. More than medicines, yogatherapy1 eminently2 suits any need. Yoga is a comprehensive3 mode of culturing the body and mind.Using the ‘Integrated Approach of Yoga’, the yoga research centres have been able to cure sometough headaches. The integrated approach includes breathing, asanas, pranayama, meditation anddevotional sessions.

2 Yoga asanas, especially the ones imitating the natural postures of animals, have a tremendoustranquillising effect, without having to depend on common drugs. Pranayama inhibits4 randomagitations in Pranic (energy) flows in Pranamayakosa, stabilising the autonomic nervous system.Dhyana and Samadhi culture the mind to relax. This approach alters the reaction of an individualto headache. By interrupting the vicious circle of pain-agony-pain, it prevents headache frombecoming a crippling problem.

3 Through asanas that calm you, the pranayama exercises that inhibit random energy flows and themeditation that cultivates and relaxes your mind, yoga offers a holistic5 form of pain relief. It stopsyou from becoming locked in the vicious circle of pain-anxiety-pain.

4 Chronic6 pain essentially is imbalance in Prana (energy). This imbalance initially manifests7 only asa functional abnormality like insomnia8, lack of enthusiasm, fatigue, increased irritability and lackof concentration. Over the years, the imbalance settles in an organ. Chronic pain may sometimes bejust a long-standing muscle spasm, which later on may give rise to organic changes in the form ofchronic inflammation. (260 words)

Answer each question briefly :

1. How can yoga be useful as a therapy ?

2. What can be the various causes of headache ?

1. therapy—a treatment to cure an illness, ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê; 2. eminently—outstandingly, obviously, ©Uà∑Χc≈ M§¬ ◊¥;3. comprehensive—that includes everything, √ÿʬ∑§; 4. inhibits—prevents, ⁄UÊ∑§ÃÊ „ÒU; 5. holistic—emphasizing theorganic relation between parts and whole, •Êœ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Í⁄U ∑§ ’Ëø ¡ÒÁfl∑§ ‚ê’㜠¬⁄U ¡Ê⁄U ŒŸ flÊ‹Ê; 6. chronic—lastingfor a long time, continually recurring, ¬È⁄UÊŸÊ, Áø⁄U∑§ÊÁ‹∑§; 7. manifests—clearly shows, S¬c≈ M§¬ ◊¥ ÁŒπ‹ÊÃÊ „ÒU;8. insomnia—inability to sleep, •ÁŸº˝Ê ⁄ʪ–

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MBD SUPER REFRESHER COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH (X CBSE)4

3. Why has the programme ‘Integrated Approach of Yoga’ been so called ?

4. Why are yoga asanas considered superior to common drugs ?

5. How do the Dhyana and Samadhi asanas help us ?

6. What two things does the disturbance in the energy level lead to ?

7. What gives us a holistic form of pain relief ?

8. How does yoga prevent pain from becoming a crippling problem ?

PASSAGE 2

WOMEN LIBERATION IN BPOS

1 BPOs1 have often been faulted2 for the lack of women in their senior managerial positions.“Communication and self-expression are the key challenges that the women working in the BPOsector face today. These problems arise from the lack of confidence,” says the CEO3 of sitagita.com,a blog4 for women who work in BPOs.

2 Not all BPO women are considered to be confident and on a par with their male colleagues. Womenat the senior levels may be very confident but lower-rung employees have a long way to go.

3 Another interesting angle to the debate on female self-expression is the number of women fromsmall towns and conservative backgrounds who are new to the BPO culture. What awaits them atthe industry is a complete cross-cultural dilemma — a new work culture, pressure of deadlines5 andnever-experienced-before graveyard shifts6. Such dilemmas tend to worsen when self-expression iscurtailed7 or not encouraged.

4 Employers do not present the complete picture of the industry to prospective8 candidates. All is notrosy at the hiring stage. No employer comes forward to tell the flip9 side of the story.

5 “Life has taken a turn since I started blogging. I hardly get time to talk to friends or family membersbecause of work pressure. But my blog helps me express my thoughts and feelings to so manypeople who are facing problems similar to mine,” says a BPO employee.

6 The sector wants more women to join. The companies, especially, are looking at women for thestability factor. The current man-woman ratio in the BPO sector is 69 : 31. And the number ofwomen is set to rise. So sitagita.com is a platform that women can use to express their concerns.

(292 words)

1. BPOS—Business Process Outsourcing; 2. faulted—criticised, •Ê‹ÊøŸÊ ∑§Ë; 3. CEO—Chief Executive Officer;4. blog—a personal record that somebody puts on their website giving an account of their activities and opinions;5. deadline—a point in time by which something must be done, ‚◊ÿ-‚Ë◊Ê; 6. graveyard shift—the time ofworking at night or very early in the morning, Œ⁄U ⁄UÊà Ã∑§ ÿÊ ¬˝Ê× ’„ÈUà ‚fl⁄‘U ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ; 7. curtailed—limited, ‚ËÁ◊ÃÁ∑§ÿÊ; 8. prospective—expected to become, ’ŸŸ ∑§Ë •Ê‡ÊÊ; 9. flip—lacking in seriousness, ªê÷Ë⁄U Ÿ „UÊŸÊ–

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5UNSEEN COMPREHENSION

Answer each question briefly :

1. What are BPOs often criticised for ?

2. What does lack of confidence in women result in ?

3. Do all BPO women lack confidence ?

4. What are the two problems faced by small-town women ?

5. What are the candidates kept in the dark about at the time of employment ?

6. What is one of the advantages of ‘blogging’ ?

7. What does the phrase ‘graveyard shift’ refer to ?

8. How does sitagita.com help women ?

PASSAGE 3

DAY AND NIGHT

1 We know that day and night are caused by the rotation of the Earth on its axis, so that for part of thetime, a place on the globe faces the sun and for the rest of the time, it is turned away from it.

2 To early people, a ‘day’ meant the span of time between sunrise and sunset. We still use the wordin this way to distinguish it from the period of darkness that we call night. But as civilizationdeveloped, it became necessary to identify days more accurately and to work out when they beganand ended.

3 The ancient Greeks measured their day from sunset to sunset. The Romans, unlike the Greeks,measured their day from midnight to midnight. Most modern countries use this Roman method.

4 Before mechanical clocks were invented, people divided the day and night into 12 hours each, butthis method proved impractical because the length of the day differed with the seasons. The inventionof the clock helped in developing a system of measuring time that is now used almost everywhere.Under this system, the day lasts for 24 hours from midnight to midnight. Although we no longerdivide the day and night into 12 hours each, we still use two periods of 12 hours each. These equalhalves are distinguished by the abbreviations a.m. (ante meridiem, a Latin phrase meaning ‘beforemidday’) for the period from 12 midnight to 12 noon, and p.m. (post meridiem, meaning ‘aftermidday’) for the period from 12 noon to 12 midnight. Other ways of splitting up the day includethe division into morning (from midnight to noon), afternoon (from noon to dusk1), and night(from dusk to midnight). A variable2 period, called the evening, falls between about 5 p.m. and theend of twilight3. It is the period after sunset when the sun is only just below the horizon4. In summer,the evenings are longer than in winter. (298 words)

1. dusk—time after twilight and before night, ¤ÊÈ≈U¬È≈UÊ, ‡ÊÊ◊ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊà ∑§ ’Ëø ∑§Ê ‚◊ÿ;U 2. variable—varying, changeable,¬Á⁄UfløŸ‡ÊË‹; 3. twilight—faint light after sunset or before sunrise, ¤ÊÈ≈U¬È≈UÊ, ‚ÍÿʸSà ∑§ ’ÊŒ ÿÊ ‚ÍÿʸŒÿ ∑§ ¬„U‹ œË◊Ê ¬˝∑§Ê‡Ê;4. horizon—the line at which the earth and the sky appear to meet, ÁˇÊÁá–

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MBD SUPER REFRESHER COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH (X CBSE)6

Answer each question briefly :

1. How are day and night caused ?

2. The ancient Greeks measured the day from sunset to sunset; the Romansmeasured it ...........................

3. How many hours make a day in the modern system ?

4. What does the abbreviation a.m. stand for ?

5. What is meant by p.m. ?

6. Why can’t we divide the day and the night into twelve hours each ?

7. Which part of the day is usually referred to as the evening ?

8. ‘........................... when they began and ended’ (Para 2).

What does the word ‘they’ here refer to ?

PASSAGE 4

1 It is almost impossible to escape from advertisements1. Hoardings2 stare down at us from the sides ofthe roads : crude3 neon signs wink above shops : jingles and slogans assault our ears. In magazines,pictures of washing machines and custard powders take up more room than the letter press (printedmatter). All these are modern developments which have grown side by side with the spread of educationand technical advances in radio and TV.

2 Advertising assaults4 not only our eyes and ears, but also our pockets. Its critics point out that in thiscountry, 1.6% of the national income is spent on advertising and this advertising actually raises thecost of products. When a housewife buys a pound of flour, 5% of what she pays goes to someadvertiser or the other, even if she has not bothered to ask the shopkeeper for a particular brand. Ifshe buys a named brand of aspirin, up to 29% of what she pays may represent the cost of advertisingthe name.

3 These amounts seem a great deal to pay for the questionable5 benefits of advertising, but there area few things to be said in its favour — some things cost less. Newspapers, magazines, commercialradio and television — all carry advertisements. The money they receive from the advertisers helpsthem to lower the cost of production. In this way, we get information and entertainment at lowerprices than would otherwise have to be charged. Therefore, what we lose on the swings, we gain onthe roundabouts. Apart from this very important consideration, advertising to some extent ensuresthat a product will maintain its quality. It also gives rise to competition among manufacturers,which gives the customers a wider choice. Competition may even succeed, in some cases, in reversingthe influence of advertising and causing a reduction in price. (300 words)

1. advertisements—public notices offering goods, etc., ÁflôÊʬŸ; 2. hoardings—large boards used for displayingadvertisements, ÁflôÊʬŸ Œ‡ÊʸŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬˝ÿʪ Á∑§∞ ª∞ Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ ’Ê«¸U ÿÊ ÃÅÃ; 3. crude—simply made, not showing muchskill, ÷Œ˜ÔŒÊ, •Ÿª…∏U; 4. assaults—attacks, •Ê∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§⁄UÃË „ÒU; 5. questionable—that can be doubted, ‚¢ÁŒÇœ–

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7UNSEEN COMPREHENSION

Answer each question briefly :

1. In what different forms do we come across advertisements ?

2. What do you think the author feels about advertisements ?

3. How do advertisements harm us as individuals ?

4. How much do we spend in our country on advertising ?

5. What is the relation between advertising and the cost of goods ?

6. How does advertising favour a consumer ? Explain.

7. What inference can be drawn from the words : ‘even if she has not bothered to ask theshopkeeper for a particular brand’ ?

‘What we lose on the swings, we gain on the roundabouts.’ Explain.

PASSAGE 5

MOHWA

1 The Mohwa is one of the most important of Indian forest trees, not only for its timber, but alsobecause of its delicious and nutritive1 flowers. To the people of central India, it provides the mostimportant article of food as the flowers can be stored almost indefinitely.

2 The Mohwa tree has a thick, grey bark. Most of the leaves fall from February to April and duringthat time, the scented flowers appear hanging in close bunches of a dozen or so. It is at night thatthe tree blooms and at dawn each short-lived flower falls to the ground. A couple of months afterthe flowering period, the fruit opens2. They are fleshy green berries, quite large and contain fromone to four shiny, brown seeds.

3 The gathering of the edible Mohwa flowers is an important business to the country people. Belowthe tree, the ground is cleared and swept and dawn blooms3 are collected and allowed to dry out onthe flattened earth. The flowers taste something like pressed figs4. Sugar, puddings and othersweetmeats are made from them. All parts of the fruits, both ripe and unripe, are used. A thick oilis extracted from the kernels, which being yellowish, gives it the name of Butter Tree. The oil is usedfor cooking and making soap and candles.

4 Animals, particularly deer and bears, love the flowers and don’t mind risking the vigilant5 nightguards. Peafowls6 can be seen around the trees at sunset and dawn.

1. nutritive—serving as food, •Ê„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ê ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹Ê; 2. opens—unfolds, comes out, πÈ‹ÃÊ „ÒU, ÁŸ∑§‹ÃÊ „ÒU; 3. dawnblooms—flowers that have fallen during the hours of dawn, »Í§‹ ¡Ê ¬ÊÒ »§≈UŸ ∑§ ‚◊ÿ ◊¥ Áª⁄U „Ò¥U; 4. fig—soft sweet fruit,full of small seeds and often eaten dried, Ÿ⁄U◊, ◊ËΔUÊ »§‹, ’Ë¡Ê¥ ‚ ÷⁄UÊ „ÈU•Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝Êÿ— ‚ÈπÊ ∑§⁄U πÊÿÊ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ê;5. vigilant—watchful, øÊÒ∑§ãŸÊ, ‚Ã∑¸§; 6. peafowls—peacocks and peahens, ◊Ê⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U ◊Ê⁄UÁŸÿÊ°–

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MBD SUPER REFRESHER COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH (X CBSE)8

7. cut flowers—flowers cut from the plant for use in decoration, ‚¡Êfl≈U ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬ÊÒœ ‚ ∑§Ê≈U „ÈU∞ »Í§‹; 8. exude—giveout, Á⁄U‚ŸÊ, ≈U¬∑§ŸÊ; 9. rheumatism—a disease causing pain, stiffness and inflammation of the muscles and joints,ªÁΔUÿÊ ŸÊ◊∑§ ⁄Uʪ ¡Ê ◊Ê°‚¬Á‡ÊÿÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ¡Ê«∏UÊ¥ ◊¥ ŒŒ¸, ∞¥ΔUŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚Í¡Ÿ ¬ÒŒÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU; 10. biliousness—headache due to the improperfunctioning of the liver, Á¡ª⁄U ∑§ ΔUË∑§ ∑§Ê◊ Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ‚ ¬ÒŒÊ „ÈU•Ê Á‚⁄UŒŒ¸–

1. environmentalists—persons who are concerned about environment and want to improve or protect it, ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ‚ê’ãœË Áfl‡ÊcÊôÊ; 2. picturesque—charming, forming a pretty scene, ‚ÈãŒ⁄U; 3. canola—a type of plant, ∞∑§ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê¬ÊҜʖ

5 Cut flowers7 and branches exude8 a thick milky sap good for curing rheumatism9. The wood is hardand heavy, works easily and makes good furniture. The bark is used to cure leprosy and to healwounds. The flowers relieve cough, biliousness10 and heart trouble and the fruits cure consumptionand blood diseases. (300 words)

Answer each question briefly :

1. Can you say the Mohwa is of no use as timber ?2. What do the people of central India value the Mohwa for ?3. When does flowering take place in the Mohwa trees ?4. What kind of fruits do these trees bear ?5. How long do the Mohwa flowers live ?6. How are the Mohwa flowers and fruit kernels used ?7. What medical purpose can the bark of this tree be used for ?8. Why has the Mohwa been called the Butter Tree ?

PASSAGE 6

ALTERNATIVE FUEL

1 At a time when the use of fossil fuels to power vehicles is making environmentalists1 angry, analternative source of fuel — the bio-diesel — has emerged as a useful solution. Additionally, its usesolves a disposal problem.

2 The fuel is nothing but used vegetable oil which has been tested satisfactorily. It has made a vehiclecalled the Veggie Van (a motor home) run more than 16,000 km across the United States. Also, it hasvisited 20 major cities, causing absolutely no harm to the environment. Vegetable oil from variousrestaurants in America was all that was used along the entire journey. The novel experiment was startedas a college project by two students, Joshna and Kaia. It eventually ended in a massive public awarenessprogramme.

3 The idea of using vegetable oil as fuel for a diesel engine first occurred to them when they visited atraditional farm in the picturesque2 southern Germany where vehicles fuelled by vegetable oil werein use. While studying agriculture and living on these farms, they noticed that farmers were alwaysfilling tanks with a yellow liquid. “This fuel comes from the canola3 plants which grow on our farmsand nearby areas. We put it in the diesel and it smells good,” farmers said.

4 The process of converting vegetable oil into bio-diesel fuel is cheap and easy. Any vegetable oil, suchas used cooking oil, methanol4 or clear alcohol can be used as fuel.

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MBD Super Refresher EnglishCommunicative 10 Volume 1

Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers

ISBN : 9789385905322 Author : D P Bhanot

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