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8/4/2019 Contents All Chapters

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2G Planning & Optimization

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Contents

History of GSM

GSM Development

GPRS Development

Evolution to 3G

Radio Network Planning Optimization

Radio Network Planning Optimization Flow

Difficulties in Radio Network Planning

1 GSM Principles and Call Flow1.2 Multiple Access Technology and Logical Channel

1.2.2 TDMA Frame

1.2.3 Burst

Access burst

Frequency correction burst

Synchronization burst

Normal burst

Dummy burst

1.2.4 Logical Channel

I. TCH

II. CCH

III. BCCH

IV. CCCH

V. DCCH

VI. Channel Combination

VII. Uncombined BCCH/SDCCH and Combined BCCH/SDCCH

1.3 Data Transmission


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1.3.1 Voice Coding

1.3.2 Channel Coding

1.3.3 Interleaving

1.3.4 Encryption

1.3.5 Modulation and Demodulation

1.4 Timing advance

1.5 System Information

1.6 Cell Selection and Re-Selection

1.6.1 Cell Selection

1.6.2 Cell Selection Process

I. Cell Selection When MS Storing No BCCH Information

II. Cell Selection When MS Storing BCCH Information

III. Cell Selection Criteria

1.6.3 Down Link Failure

1.6.4 Cell Re-Selection Process

1.7 Frequency Hopping

1.7.1 Types of Frequency Hopping

I. Baseband Hopping

II. RF Hopping

1.7.2 Frequency Hopping Algorithm

1.7.3 Benefits of Frequency Hopping

I. Frequency Diversity

II. Interference Averaging

1.8 Discontinuous Reception and Discontinuous Transmission

1.8.1 Discontinuous Reception and Paging Channel

1.8.2 DTX

II. Voice Activity Detection


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III. Silence Indicator

IV. Measurement

1.9 Power Control

1.9.1 Power Control Overview

1.9.2 MS Power Control

1.9.3 BTS Power Control

1.9.4 Power Control Processing

II. Measurement Report Filtering

III. Power Control Adjustment

1.10 Immediate Assignment Procedure

1.10.1 Network Access License and Random Access Request

1.10.2 Initial Immediate Assignment

1.10.3 Initial Message

1.10.4 Immediate Assignment Failure

1.11 Authentication and Encryption

1.11.1 Authentication

I. Authentication Success

II. Authentication Reject

1.11.2 Encryption

II. Procedure Description

1.11.3 TMSI Reallocation

1.11.4 Exceptional Situations

I. Authentication

II. Encryption

III. TMSI Reallocation

1.12 Location Update

1.12.1 Generic Location Update (Inter-LA Location Update)


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I. Intra VlR Location Update

II. Inter-VLR Location Updating, Sending TMSI

III. Inter-VLR Location Updating, Sending IMSI

1.12.2 Periodic Location updating

1.12.3 IMSI Attach and Detach


I. MS

II. Matching Between IMSI Delete Time and T3212

III. Network

1.13 MS Originating Call Flow

1.13.1 Called Number Analysis

1.13.2 Voice Channel Assignment (Follow-up Assignment)

1.13.3 Call Connection

1.13.4 Call Release


I. No Establish Indication Message Is Received After Channel Activation

II. BSC Sending Immediate Assignment Reject

III. MSC Sending Disconnect Message Instead of Assignment Request to Terminate the Call

IV. Assignment Failure

V. Directed Retry

VI. Exceptional Procedure Due to Call Drop

VII. Exceptional Procedure Due to Hangup

VIII. Exceptional procedure because MSC sends clear command

1.14 MS Originated Call Flow

1.14.1 Enquiry

1.14.2 Paging

1.14.3 Call Establishment for the Called Party


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1.14.4 The Influence of Call Transfer to Routing

I. CFU

II. CFB

III. CFNRc

IV. CFNRy

V. CW and HOLD


I. No Paging Command at A Interface

II. No Paging Command at Abis Interface

III. No Paging Response at Abis Interface

IV. No Paging Response at A Interface

1.15 HO

1.15.1 HO Preparation

I. Measurement Report

II. Neighbor Cell Monitoring

III. Conditions Required for Neighbor Cells to Join in HO Decision Queue

1.15.2 HO Types

I. PBGT HO

II. Edge HO

III. BQ HO

IV. Direct Retry

V. TA HO

1.15.3 HO Process Analysis

I. Intra-Cell HO

II. Intra-BSC HO

III. Intra MSC HO

IV. Inter-MSC HO


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V. Subsequent Inter-MSC HO


I. HO Failure Due to CIC Exception

II. HO Failure Due to MS Access Failure

1.16 Call Re-Establishment

1.16.1 Introduction

I. Radio Link Failure Occurs to MS First

II. Radio Link Timeout Occurs to BSS First

1.16.2 Call Re-Establishment Procedure


I. Re-Establishment Prohibition or Failure

II. RR Connection Failure

III. T3230 Time-out

1.16.4 SM Procedure

1.16.5 Short Message Procedure on SDCCH When MS is calling

I. Signaling Procedure


1.16.6 Short Message Procedure on SDCCH When MS is called



1.16.7 Short Message Procedure on SACCH When MS is calling



1.16.8 Short Message Procedure on SACCH when MS is called



1.17 Cell Broadcast Service (CBS)


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1.17.1 CBS Mechanism

1.17.2 BSC-BTS Message Transmission Mode

2 GSM Radio Network Planning2.1 Overview

2.2 Planning Foundation

2.2.2 Performance Target Confirmation

2.3 Coverage Analysis

2.3.1 Area Division

II. Define the field strength at coverage area edges

2.4 Network Structure Analysis

2.4.1 Middle-Layer Station

II. Advantages

III. Distance between stations

IV. Challenges

2.4.2 High-Layer Station

II. Functions

2.4.3 Low-Layer Station

II. Other considerations

2.5 Traffic Analysis

2.5.1 Traffic Prediction and Cell Splitting

II. Cell splitting

2.5.2 Voice Channel Allocation

II. Relationship between carrier number and bearable traffic

III. Example

2.5.3 Control Channel Allocation

II. CCCH allocation

2.6 Base Station Number Decision


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2.6.1 Characteristics of 3-sector base stations in urban areas

2.6.2 References for Design of Base Station Parameters

2.6.3 Uplink and Downlink Balance

I. Link budget model

II. Bass station sensitivity

2.6.4 Cell Coverage Estimation

2.6.5 Base Station Address Planning

II. Planning methods

2.7 Design of Base Station Address

2.7.1 Address design

I. Environment for antenna installation

II. Antenna isolation in GSM system

IV. Installation distance between antennas

2.8 Location Area Design

2.8.1 Definition of Location Area

2.8.2 Division of location areas

II. Calculating coverage area and capacity of a location area

2.9 Dual-Band Network Design

2.9.1 Necessity for Constructing Dual-Band Network

2.9.2 GSM 1800MHz Coverage Solutions

2.10 Design of Indoor Coverage System

2.10.5 Traffic Control

2.11 Tunnel Coverage

2.11.4 Tunnel Coverage Based on Leaky Cable System

2.12 Repeater Planning

2.12.2 Working Principles of Repeater

VII. Repeater adjacent cell planning


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2.13 Conclusion

3 GSM Frequency Planning3.1 Overview

3.2 Frequency Division and C/I Requirement

3.3 Frequency Planning Principle

3.4 Normal Frequency Reuse Technology

3.4.1 C/I under 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern

3.4.2 10MHz Bandwidth 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse



3.4.5 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion

3.5 Aggressive Frequency Reuse Technology

3.5.1 3 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern

3.5.2 2 x 6 Reuse Pattern




3.5.6 A + B Frequency Reuse Pattern

3.6 Concentric Cell Technology

3.6.1 Concept

3.6.2 General Underlay Overlay

3.6.3 Intelligent Underlay Overlay

3.6.4 Characteristics of Concentric Cell Technology

3.7 Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology

3.7.1 Basic Principle

3.7.2 MRP Sequence Grouping


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3.7.3 MRP Space Grouping

3.7.4 Characteristics of MRP Technology

3.7.5 Comparison between MRP and 1 X 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern

3.8 Network Capacity Comparison

4 GSM Parameter Configuration and Adjustment4.1 Network and Cell ID

4.1.1 Cell Global ID

4.1.2 Base Station Identity Code

4.2 Paging and Access Control Parameters

4.2.1 Number of Access Grant Reserved Blocks (BS_AG_BLK_RES or AG)

4.2.2 Frame Number Coding Between Identical Paging

4.2.3 Common Control Channel Configuration (CCCH-CONF)

4.2.4 Extended Transmission Slots (TX_INTEGER)

4.2.5 Minimum Access Level of RACH

4.2.6 Random Access Error Threshold

4.2.7 Access Control Class (ACC)

4.2.8 Maximum Retransmission Times (RET)

4.2.9 Control Class of MS Maximum Transmit Power (MS-TXPWR-MAX-CCH)

4.2.10 Power Offset (POWEROFFSET)

4.2.11 IMSI Attach/Detach Allowed

4.2.12 Direct Retry (DR)

4.3 Serial Parameters of Cell Selection and Reselection

4.3.1 cell_bar_access

4.3.2 cell_bar_qualify

4.3.3 Minimum Received Level Allowing MS to Access (RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)

4.3.4 Additional Reselection Parameter Indicator


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4.3.5 Cell Reselection Parameter Indicator

4.3.6 Cell Reselection Offset, Temporary Offset, and Penalty Time

4.3.7 Cell Reselection Hysteresis (CRH)

4.4 Parameters Affecting Network Functions

4.4.1 Newly Established Cause Indicator (NECI)

4.4.2 Power Control Indicator (PWRC)

4.4.3 Discontinuous Transmit of Uplink

4.4.4 Discontinuous Transmit of Downlink

4.4.5 Call Resetup Allowed

4.4.6 Emergency Call Allowed

4.4.7 Early Classmark Sending Control

4.5 Frequency Hopping Parameters

4.5.1 Frequency Hopping Sequence Number

4.5.2 Mobile Allocation

4.5.3 Mobile Allocation Index Offset

4.6 Distance Control Parameters

4.6.1 Call Clearing

4.6.2 TA Handover Threshold (MSRANGEMAX)

4.6.3 TA Restriction (MS_BS_DIST_USED)

4.7 Radio Link Failure Process and Parameters

4.7.1 Radio Link Failure Counter (RLC or Radio Link Timeout)

4.7.2 SACCH Multiframe (RLTO_BS)

4.8 Handover and Related Parameters

4.8.1 PBGT Handover Threshold (HoMargin)

4.8.2 Minimum Downlink Power of Handover Candidate Cells (rxLevMinCell)

4.8.3 Handover Threshold at Uplink Edge

4.8.4 Handover Threshold at Downlink Edge


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4.8.5 Downlink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

4.8.6 Uplink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

4.8.7 Uplink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.8 Downlink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.9 Uplink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.10 Downlink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.11 Maximum Repeated Times of Physical Messages (NY1)

4.8.12 Multiband Indicator (multiband_reporting)

4.8.13 Permitted Network Color Code (ncc permitted)

4.9 Power Control and Related Parameters

4.9.1 Maximum Transmit Power of MS (MSTXPWRMX)

4.9.2 Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Increment (LDR)

4.9.3 Received Level Threshold of Uplink Power Increment (LUR)

4.9.4 Received Quality Threshold of Downlink Power Increment (LDR)

4.9.5 Received Quality Threshold of Uplink Power Increment (LUR)

4.9.6 Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Decrement (UDR)

4.9.7 Received Level Threshold of Uplink Power Decrement (UUR)

4.9.8 Received Quality Threshold of Downlink Power Decrement (UDR)

4.9.9 Received Quality Threshold of Uplink Power Decrement (UUR)

4.9.10 Power Control Interval (INT)

4.9.11 Power Increment Step (INC)

4.9.12 Power Decrement Step (RED)

4.10 Systematic Important Timers

4.10.1 T3101

4.10.2 T3103

4.10.3 T3105

4.10.4 T3107


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4.10.5 T3109

4.10.6 T3111

4.10.7 Parameter T3212

4.10.8 T3122

4.10.9 T3124

4.10.10 T11

4.10.11 T200

4.10.12 N200

5 GSM Radio Network Optimization5.1 Network Optimization Procedure

5.2 Network Optimization Tools

5.2.1 Test MS

5.2.2 Drive Test Software

5.2.3 Signaling Analyzer

5.2.4 Network Optimization Software

5.3 Network Performance Evaluation

5.3.1 DT

5.3.2 CQT

5.3.3 Network Operation Indexes

5.4 Traffic Statistics Index Analysis

5.4.1 General Analysis Method

5.4.2 High Call Drop Rate Analysis

5.4.3 High TCH Congestion Rate Analysis

5.4.4 High SDCCH Congestion Rate Analysis

5.4.5 Low Handover Success Rate Analysis

5.5 Network Problem Solutions


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5.5.1 Coverage Problems

5.5.2 Interference Problems

5.5.3 Call Drop Problems

5.5.4 Handover Problems

5.5.5 Congestion Problems

5.5.6 Other Problems

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