content and module 2 contextual analysis of selected

2MODULE

C o n t e n t a n d

C o n t e x t u a l A n a l y s i s

o f S e l e c t e d P r i m a r y

S o u r c e s i n

P h i l i p p i n e

H i s t o r yIn this chapter, we will examine

a number of primary sources

from different historical periods

and evaluate the content of

these documents in terms of

historical value and examine

their production context.

The primary sources in this

chapter range from chronicles,

official documents, speeches

and cartoons and visual arts.

We are going to explore all of

that in this chapter.

MODULE CONTENTS

At the end of Module 2, you should be able to:

a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through

examining the content and context of the

document; and

b. Display learned history through primary sources.

Intended Learning Outcomes

LESSON 1: A Brief Summary of the First Voyage Around the

World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta

LESSON 2: The KKK and the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

LESSON 3: Reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine Independence”

LESSON 4: A Glance at Selected Philippine Political Caricature in Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941)

LESSON 5: Revisiting Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the U.S. Congress

1LESSONA B r i e f S u m m a r y

o f t h e F i r s t V o y a g e A r o u n d

t h e W o r l d b y

M a g e l l a n b y

A n t o n i o P i g a f e t t a

“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you

cannot paint’, then by all means paint,

and that voice will be silenced.”

- Vincent Van Gogh

Good day! Did you know in what part of the country did the first mass was

celebrated? In what year did the first voyage around the world sailed? Or,

who recorded the fateful circumnavigation of Ferdinand Magellan? If all

your answers are no, take the tour as we go deep with Philippine History to

know the answers and learn more exciting facts.

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content

and context of the document “A Brief Summary of the First Voyage

Around the World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta; and

b. Display learned history through primary sources.

T A K E T H E C H A L L E N G E !

A C T I V I T Y

Instructions: Read the sentences and fill the blanks with the missing

words that you’ve found on the word puzzle below. (Words might be

hidden horizontally, vertically and diagonally.)

1. Ferdinand ____________ landed in the Philippines in 1521.

2. An Italian nobleman named Antonio ______________ accompanied

him in his fateful circumnavigation of the world.

3. ______________ is a long boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazaua.

4. The Chief of Mactan during Magellan’s arrival was

________________.

5. On March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the island of

____________.

FIND THE MISSING WORDS!

TIME FRAME

W D G K K F V D V D X F R G D

K Y M R G H D N G T O H N H S

P I G A F E T T A F H F H K L

V B N M G Y J K O P F B F H L

Q A Z X S E W E D C V S F R T

Y H N M J U L A P U L A P U P

Z X C V B N M A A S D M F G H

P O I U Y T R E N WQ A S D F

B A L N G A Y H J K L R P L N

A N A L Y S I S

Hello student! Answer the following questions:

1. What is the reason and purpose of the voyage?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

2. What were the most important ‘virtues’ that Magellan showed? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

3. Explain the principle of “No records, no documents; no history”.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

4. Enumerate the kinds of primary sources. Which one of these is created for large

students and was distributed widely?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

A B S T R A C T I O N

This book was taken from the

sixteenth-century chronicles of

contemporary travelers and navigators.

One of them was Antonio Pigafetta, an

Italian nobleman, who accompanied

Ferdinand Magellan on his tragic world

circumnavigation. Travelogue of Pigafetta

is one of the most important primary

sources in precolonial Philippines research.

His account was also a significant

reference to the events leading to the

arrival of Magellan in the Philippines. The

First Voyage around the World by

Magellan was published after Pigafetta

returned to Italy.

In Pigaffeta’s account, their fleet

reached what he called the Landrones

Islands or the “Islands of the Thieves”.

The Landrones Islands is presently known

as the Marianas Islands. Pigafetta

recounted after 2 days, March 18, nine

men came to them and showed joy and

eagerness in seeing them. He detailed in

amazement and fascination the palm

tree which bore fruits called cocho, and

wine. He also described what seemed like

a coconut.

Pigafetta described the people as

"very familiar and friendly," and happily

showed them different islands and island

names. The fleet headed to Humunu

Island (Homonhon) and found what

Pigafetta called the "Watering Place of

Good Signs" there. "It was at this location

that Pigaffeta wrote they discovered the

island's first signs of gold. In Mazzava /

Mazaua, Pigafetta recounted that they

saw two ballanghai (balangay), a long

boat full of men. The chief, sent his men to

Magellan 's ship. Magellan refused when

the balangay king offered to give

Magellan a bar of gold and a chest of

ginger. Magellan sent the interpreter

explain that he was coming to the islands

as a friend and not as an enemy.

After a couple of days Magellan was

introduced to the brother of the King who

was also a ruler of another country.

Pigafetta described this King as the most

beautiful of all the men he saw here. He

was dressed like a silver sword with silk and

gold rings, which he carried in a wooden

polished sheath with him. This king was

named Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and

Calagan (Butuan and Caragua), and the

first king was Raia Siagu. On March 31st,

which happened to be Easter Sunday,

Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a

Mass by the shore. The king heard of this

plan and sent two dead pigs and attended

the Mass with the other king.

On the 26th of April, Zula, a principal

man from the island of Matan (Mactan)

went to see Magellan and asked him for a

boat full of men so that he would be able to

fight the chief named Silapulapu

(Lapulapu). Such chief, according to Zula,

refused to obey the king and was also

preventing him from doing so. Magellan

offered three boats instead and expressed

his desire to go to Mactan himself to fight

the said chief. Magellan’s forces arrived in

Mactan in daylight. They numbered 49 in

total and the islander of Mactan were

estimated to number 1,500. The battle

began.

Magellan died in that battle. The

natives, perceiving that the bodies of the

enemies were protected with armors,

aimed for their legs instead. Magellan was

pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right

leg.

A P P L I C A T I O N

QUIZ TIME!

1. Which of the following events

did not happen when Magellan

went to Cebu?

a. Magellan fought with

Lapulapu.

b. The Cebuanos were baptized

as Catholics.

c. Magellan offered a statue of

the Sto. Niño as a gift.

d. Raja Humabon welcomed

Magellan.

2. Why did Magellan go to

Mactan?

a. He wanted to visit the place.

b. He wanted to baptize the

people to the Catholic faith.

c. He wanted to build a church.

d. He wanted to buy spices.

3. Magellan lost the favor of the king

of the Portugal when he became

involved in a political

______________.

a. entanglement

b. discussion

c. negotiation

d. Intrigue

4. How was Ferdinand Magellan

killed?

a. He died of old age

b. By a poison arrow

c. He drowned

d. He was bored to death

5. What major accomplishment was

Ferdinand Magellan responsible for?

a. Completing the first voyage

around the world

b. Taking over the spice islands

c. Wiping out the Native American

population

d. Becoming king of England

2LESSON T h e K K K a n d

t h e “ K a r t i l y a

n g K a t i p u n a n ”“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you



- Vincent Van Gogh

Hello! Did you know that the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip

II of Spain? The people that inhabit this place have very interesting culture

some not forgotten from the old days. How conversant are you with the

great history? Let’s find out!



a. display familiarization with the document, “Kartilya ng Katipunan”; and

the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the Spanish

period; and

b. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.


A C T I V I T Y

Instructions: Fill the columns with facts of what KKK is and what it is not.

FILL THE COLUMNS!

TIME FRAME

KKK is … KKK is not …

A N A L Y S I S


1. What is the difference between the KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN and the MGA

KATUNGKULANG GAGAWIN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

2. What is the purpose of forming the organization, the KATAASTAASAN,

KAGALANGGALANGANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?s

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

3. What id the concept of nationalism according to Emilio Jacinto?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why can the kartilya be considered timeless and relevant to the industrializing

and globalizing present?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. As a student?, how will you embody the main teachings and guiding principles of

the Kartilya?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


The Kartilya can be treated as the

Katipunan’s code of conduct. It contains

fourteen rules that instruct the way a

Katipunero should behave, and which

specific values should he uphold. Generally,

the rules stated in the Kartilya can be

classified into two. The first group contains

the rules that will make the member an

upright individual and the second group

contains the rules that will guide the way he

treats his fellow men.

Analysis of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

In the contemporary eyes, the Katipunan

can be criticized because of these

provisions. However, one must not forget the

context where the organization was born.

Not even in Europe or in the whole of the

West at that juncture recognized the

problem of gender inequality. Indeed, it can

be argued that Katipunan’s recognition of

women as important partners in the

struggle, as reflected not just in Kartilya but

also in the organizational structure of the

fraternity where a women’s unit was

established, is an endeavor advanced for its

time. Aside from Rizal’s known Letter to the

Women of Malolos, no same effort by the

supposed cosmopolitan Propaganda

Movement was achieved until the

movement’s eventual disintegration in the

latter part of the 1890s.

The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang

Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

or Katipunan is arguably the most

important organization formed in the

Philippine History. While anti-colonial

movements, efforts, and organizations has

already been established centuries prior

to the foundation of the Katipunan, it was

only this organization that envisioned (1) a

united Filipino nation that would revolt

against the Spaniards for (2) the total

independence of the country from Spain.

Previous armed revolts had already

occurred before the foundation of the

Katipunan, but none of them envisioned a

unified Filipino nation revolting against the

colonizers. For example, Diego Silang was

known as an Ilocano who took up his arms

and led one of the longest running revolts

in the country. Silang, however, was

mainly concerned about his locality and

referred to himself as El Rey de Ilocos (The

King of Ilocos). The imagination of the

nation was largely absent in the

aspirations of the local revolts before

Katipunan. On the other hand, the

propaganda movements led by the

ilustrados like Marcelo H. Del Pilar,

Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Jose Rizal did

not envision a total separation of the

Philippines from Spain, but only

demanded equal rights, representation,

and protection from the abuses of the

friars.


QUIZ TIME!

1. Explain the aims of the Katipunan and its code of conduct.

2. Explain the content and provisions of the Kartilya as a reaction and response to certain value systems.

3LESSONR e a d i n g t h e

“ P r o c l a m a t i o n o f

t h e P h i l i p p i n e

I n d e p e n d e n c e ”“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you



- Vincent Van Gogh

Hi! Did you know that the Philippines annually commemorates the

anniversary of the country’s independence? Indeed, such event is a

significant turning point in the history of the country. To know more about

these facts, hop in the time travel capsule and let’s harken back to the

past!



a. display familiarization with the document, Proclamation of the Philippine Independence;

and the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the Post-Spanish period;

and

b. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.


A C T I V I T Y 1

Instructions: Recognize what symbolizes each color on the

Philippine flag.

COLOR REPRESENT!

TIME FRAME

ANALYSIS

Answer the following questions.

1. Below are some of the rules that can be found in Kartilya:

X. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children,

and if the guide leads to precipice, those whom he guides will also go

there.

XI. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful

companion who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical)

weakness will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the

mother who bore thee and reared thee.

XII. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and

sisters, that do not unto the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy

neighbor. What do these provisions or rules of Kartilya imply?

2. Give a short background on the events that led to the independence of

the country, the Philippines.

A C T I V I T Y 2

Answer the following questions.

QUIZ TIME!

1. When was the Philippine Independence declared?

a. 1896 b.1897 c.1898 d.1899

2. Before declaring independence, the Philippines was a colony of Spain for how

long?

a. 311 years b. 317 years c. 323 years d. 333 years

3. Where was the Philippine independence held?

a. Malolos, Bulacan b. Kawit, Cavite c. Intramuros, Manila d. Minglanilla, Cebu

4. Who is regarded as the mother of the Philippine flag?

a. Gabriela Silang b. Gregoria de Jesus c. Melchora Aquino d. Marcela Agoncillo

5. After 48 years as a colony of the US, independence was granted on which

date?

a. June 4 b. July 4 c. June 12 d. July 12


Every year, the country commemorates the

anniversary of the Philippine Independence

proclaimed on 12 June 1898, in the province of

Cavite. Indeed, such event is a significant turning

point in the history of the country because it

signaled the end of the 333 years of Spanish

colonization’s. There have been numerous studies

done on the event’s leading to the independence

of the country but very few students had the

chance to read the actual document of the

declaration. This is in spite of the historical

importance of the document and the details that

the document in hindsight is telling of the kind of

government that was created under Aguinaldo,

and the forthcoming hand of the United States of

America in the next few years of the newly

created republic. The declaration was a short

2,000-word document, which summarized the

reason behind the revolution against Spain, the

war for independence, and the future of the new

republic under Emilio Aguinaldo.

The proclamation commenced with a

characterization of the conditions in the Philippines

during the Spanish colonial period. The document

specifically mentioned abuses and inequalities in

the colony. The declaration says:

“…taking into considerations, that their inhabitants

being already weary of bearing the ominous yoke

of Spanish domination, on account of the arbitrary

arrests and harsh treatment practiced by the Civil

Guard to the extent of causing death with the

connivance and even with the express orders of

their commanders, who sometimes went to the

extreme of ordering the shooting of prisoners under

the pretext that they were attempting to escape,

in violation of the provisions of the Regulations of

their Corps, which abuses were unpunished and

on account of the unjust deportations, especially

those decreed by General Blanco, of eminent

personages and of high social position, at the

instigation of the Archbishop and friars interested in

keeping them out of the way for their own selfish

and avaricious purpose, deportations which are

.

quickly brought about by a method of proceduremore execrable than that of the Inquisition andwhich every civilized nation rejects on account of adecision being rendered without a hearing of thepersons accused.”

The above passage demonstrates thejustifications behind the revolution against Spain.Specifically cited are the abuse by the CivilGuards and the unlawful shooting of prisonerswhom they alleged as attempting to escape. Thepassage also condemns the unequal protectionof the law between the Filipino people and the“eminent personages.” Moreover, the linementions the avarice and greed of the clergy likethe friars and the Archbishop himself. Lastly, thepassage also condemns what they saw as theunjust deportation and rendering of otherdecision without proper hearing, expected of any

civilized nation.


1. In this lesson, analyze and explain how these historical contexts shaped and continue

to shape people’s perspectives.

2. Integrate evidence from multiple relevant historical sources and interpretations into a

reasoned argument about the reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine

Independence”.

Thank you for

superbly finishing

Lesson 3! Have a

great day!

4LESSONA g l a n c e a t

S e l e c t e d

P h i l i p p i n e

P o l i t i c a l

C a r i c a t u r e i n

A l f r e d M c C o y ’ s

P h i l i p p i n e

C a r t o o n s :

P o l i t i c a l

C a r i c a t u r e o f t h e

A m e r i c a n E r a

( 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 4 1 )

“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you



- Vincent Van Gogh

Hey there! Did you know that Political Cartoons are not made just to make

you laugh but it also portrays a point and/or issue of a particular event?

You can find then in a newspaper but they won’t be in the comics

section. Instead, they’re on the editorial pages! You can make one of

those, too! But before that, proceed first to the next columns so we can

understand more of what caricature/cartoon is.



1. display familiarization with the document, “Political Caricature of the

American Era”; and the economic/political conditions of the Philippines

during the Spanish period; and

2. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.


A C T I V I T Y 1

Instructions: Pick one of the following

selected political cartoons/caricatures. Site

and give opinion on what political issue that

cartoon is all about.

TIME FRAME

A N A L Y S I S


1. Did you find the cartoons persuasive? Why or why not?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Why is it that the Editorial Cartoon during the American Era was focused on

Political Caricature?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.


Political cartoons and caricature are a

rather recent art form, which veered

away from the classical art by

exaggerating human features and poking

fun at its subjects. Such art genre and

technique became a part of the print

media as a form of social and political

commentary, which usually targets

persons of power and authority. Cartoons

became an effective tool of publicizing

opinions through heavy use of symbolism,

which is different from a verbose written

editorial and opinion pieces.

In his book Philippine Cartoons: Political

Caricature of the American Era (1900-

1941), Alfred McCoy, together with

Alfredo Roces, compiled political cartoons

published in newspaper dailies and

periodicals in the aforementioned time

period.

The Independent on May 20,1961. The cartoon shows a politicianfrom Tondo, named Dr. Santos,passing his crown to his brother-in-

law, Dr. Barcelona. A Filipino guy (asdepicted wearing salakot andbarong tagalog) was trying to stopSantos, telling the latter to stopgiving Barcelona the crownbecause it is not his to begin with.

The second cartoon was also published

by the Independent on 16 June 1917. This

was drawn by Fernando Amorsolo and

was aimed as a commentary to the

workings of Manila police at that period.

Here, we see a Filipino child who stole a

skinny chicken because he had nothing

to eat. The police officer was relentlessly

pursuing the said child. A man wearing a

salakot, labeled Juan de la Cruz was

grabbing the officer, telling him to leave

the small-time pickpockets and the

thieves and to turn at the great thieves

instead. He was pointing to huge

warehouses containing bulks of rice, milk,

and grocery products.

This fourth cartoon depicts a

cinema. A blown-up police officer was at

the screen saying that couples are not

allowed to neck and make love in the

theater. Two youngsters looked horrified

while an older couple seemed amused.

The third cartoon was a commentary on

the unprecedented cases of colorum

automobiles in the city streets. The

Philippine Free Press published this

commentary when fatal accidents

involving colorum vehicles and taxis

occurred too often already.

The next cartoon was published by the

Independent on 27 November 1915. Here,

we see the caricature of Uncle Sam riding

a chariot pulled by Filipinos wearing

school uniforms. McCoy, in his caption to

the said cartoon, says that this cartoon

was based on an event in 1907 when

William Howard Taft was brought to the

Manila pier riding a chariot pulled by

students of Liceo de Manila.

The last cartoon was published by Lipang

Kalabaw on 24 August 1907.In the picture, we

can see Uncle Sam rationing porridge to the

politicians and members of the Progresista Party

(sometimes known as Federalista Party) while

members of the Nacionalista Party look on and

wait for their turn. This cartoon depicts the

patronage of the Unite States.


Thank you for

superbly finishing

Lesson 4! Have a

great day!

5LESSONR e v i s i t i n g

C o r a z o n

A q u i n o ’ s

S p e e c h B e f o r e

t h e U . S .

C o n g r e s s“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you



- Vincent Van Gogh

Hello! Did you know that Corazon “Cory” Aquino was named Time

Magazine’s Woman of the year 1986? She was also the most prominent

figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended the 20-year rule

of President Ferdinand Marcos. As we go on with the lesson, let us

acquaint with Corazon Aquino’s Speech to know more about what she

did for our country.



1. properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content

and context of the document in Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the US

Congress; and

2. display learned history through primary sources.


A C T I V I T Y

SPIDER CONCEPT MAP

Instructions: Give facts on important

terms and information that define who

Corazon Aquino is.

TIME FRAME

CORAZON C.

AQUINO

A N A L Y S I S


1. How did the former President Corazon C. Aquino view Marcos’ administration?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

2. How did she describe democracy before her presidency?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.


Corazon “Cory” Cojuangco Aquino

functioned as the symbol of the

restoration of democracy and the

overthrow of the Marco Dictatorship in

1986. The EDSA People Power, which

installed Cory Aquino in the presidency,

put the Philippines in the international

spotlight for overthrowing a dictator

through peaceful means.

The People Power Revolution of

1986. When former senator Ninoy Aquino

was shot at the Tarmac of the Manila

International Airport on 21 August 1983,

the Marcos regime greatly suffered a crisis

of legitimacy. Protests from different

sectors frequented different areas in the

country. Marcos’s credibility in the

international community also suffered.

Paired with looming economics crisis,

Marcos had to do something to prove to

his allies in the United States that he

remained to be the democratically

anointed leader of the country. He called

for the Snap Election in February 1986,

where Corazon Aquino Cojuangco

Aquino, the widow of the slain senator

was convicted to run against Marcos. The

canvassing was rigged to Marcos’s favor

but the people expressed their protests

against the corrupt and authoritarian

government.

Leading military officials of the regime and

Martial Law orchestrators themselves,

Juan Ponce Enrile and Fidel Ramos,

plotted to take over the presidency, until

civilians heeded the call of then Manila

Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin and other

civilian leaders gather in EDSA. The

overwhelming presence of civilians in

EDSA successfully turned a coup into a

civilian demonstration. The thousands of

people who gathered overthrow

Ferdinand Marcos from the presidency

after 21 years.

Cory continued that when Ninoy survived

that first detention, he was then charged

of subversion, murder, and other crimes.

He was tried by a military court, whose

legitimacy Ninoy adamantly questioned.

To solidify his protest, Ninoy decided to do

a hunger strike and fasted for 40 days.

Cory treated this event as the second

time that their family lost Ninoy. She said.

“When that didn’t work, they put him on

trial for subversion, murder and a host of

other crimes before a military commission.

Ninoy challenged its authority and went

on a fast. If he survived it, then he left God

intended him for another fate. We had

lost him again. For nothing would hold him

back from his determination to see his fast

through to the end. He stopped only

when it dawned on him that the

government would keep his body alive

after the fast had destroyed his brain. And

so, with barely any life in his body, he

called of the fast on the 40th day.”

Cory attributed the peaceful EDSA

Revolution to the martyrdom of Ninoy. She

stated that the death of Ninoy sparked

the revolution and the responsibility of

“offering the democratic alternative” had

“fallen on (her) shoulders.” Cory address

introduced to her democratic philosophy,

which claimed she also acquired from

Ninoy. She argued:

“I held fats to Ninoy’s conviction that it

must be by the ways of democracy. I held

out for participation in the 1984 election

the dictatorship called, even if I know it

would be rigged. I was warned by the

lawyers of the opposition, that I ran the

grave risk of legitimizing the foregone

results of elections that were clearly going

to be fraudulent. But I was not fighting for

lawyers but for the people in whose

intelligence, I had implicit faith. By the

exercise of democracy even in a

dictatorship, they would be prepared for

democracy when it came. And then also,

it was the only way I knew by which we

could measure our power even in the

terms dictated by the dictatorship. The

people vindicated me in an election

shamefully marked by government

thuggery and fraud. The opposition swept

the elections, garnering a clear majority of

the votes even if they ended up with

barely a third of the seats in Parliament.

Now I knew our power.”

Cory talked about her miraculous

victory through the people’s struggle and

continued talking about her earliest

initiatives as the president of a restored

democracy. She stated that she intended

to forge and draw reconciliation after a

bloody and polarizing dictatorship. Cory

emphasized the importance of the EDSA

Revolution in terms of being a “limited

revolution that respected the life and

freedom of every Filipino.” She also

boasted of the restoration of a fully

constitutional government whose

constitution gave utmost respect to the Bill

of Rights. She reported to the U.S

Congress:

“Again, as we restore democracy

by the ways of democracy, so we are

completing the constitutional structures of

our new democracy under a constitution

that already gives full respect to the Bill of

Rights. A jealously independent

constitutional commission is completing its

draft which will be submitted later this

year to popular referendum. When it is

approved, there will be elections for both

national and local positions. So, within

about a year from a peaceful but

national upheaval that overturn a

dictatorship, we shall have returned to full

constitutional government.”

Cory ended her speech by thanking

America for serving as home to her family

for what she referred to as the “three

happiest years of our lives together.” She

enjoyed America in building the

Philippines a new home for democracy

and in turning the country as a “shining

testament of our two nations’

commitment to freedom.”


Thank you for

superbly finishing

Lesson 5! Have a

great day!

MODULE ASSESSEMENT

TRUE OR FALSE

Instructions: Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space provided.

______1. Non-written documents are not useful as primary sources in conducting historical research.

______2. The assassination of Ninoy Aquino is an important historical event that fueled people’s anger

and condemnation of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

______3. Apolinario Mabini penned the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

______4. Magellan and his fleet received a warm welcome from all of the chieftains and local leaders

in the Philippine Islands.

______5. The Americans radically altered the social structure in the Philippines after they took over from

Spain in terms of socioeconomic equality.

______6. The “Proclamation of Philippine Independence” reflects the social and economic discontent

of the masses about the land ownership and other agrarian issues.

______7. The enmity between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio did not affect how the former’s revolutionary

credited Bonifacio to the beginnings of the Philippine Revolution.

______8. Corazon Aquino did not want to forge alliance with the United States because the latter was

a known important ally of Marcos.

______9. The conservative attitude of the youth toward sexuality did not change since the Spanish

period until the 1930s.

______10. The forces of Magellan were successful I defeating and conquering Lapulapu.

CRITICAL ESSAY

Identify a primary source in Philippine history from the examples provided in this

chapter. Write an essay discussing (1) the importance of the text, (2) the background

of the text’s author, (3) the context of the document, and (4) the text’s contribution

to understanding Philippine history.

MODULE SUMMARY

Hello student! It has been a long journey exploring through this module. Now,

you are about to close this module and learn new lesson as you go on through

this book. Further, I will take this opportunity to wrap up all the lesson we have

learn. These are some important highlights in this module:

▪ Drawing is actually the first step in producing artwork but sometimes, an

artist’s drawing is the finished artwork. It also applies four basic shading

techniques, hatching, crosshatching, blending, stippling.

▪ Painting is the process of applying color to a surface using tools such as a

brush, a painting knife, a roller, or even your fingers. Media of painting can

be either oil-based or water-soluble.

▪ Sculpture is art that is made to occupy space. It uses the media of clay,

glass, plastics, wood, stone and metal. No matter what medium is used, a

sculpture will be one of two types: sculpture in the round or relief

sculpture.

▪ Sculpting techniques involves modeling, carving, casting and assembling.

A combination of these techniques can be applied to producing

sculpture.

▪ Photography is the technique of capturing optical images on light-

sensitive surfaces. The media of photography before were daguerreotype

and wet plate method.

▪ Video is a remarkable development because, unlike film, it does not

require special processing or printing.

REFERENCE

content and module 2 contextual analysis of selected

Documents