contemporary metals symposium
TRANSCRIPT
“It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but
the one most responsive to change.”Charles Darwin
64 YEARS
65 YEARS
70 YEARS
82 YEARS
88 YEARS
88 YEARS
114 YEARS
ISN’T IT TIME ?
3000 YEARS
CONTEMPORARYMETALSSYMPOSIUMRELEVANCE TO OUR INDUSTRY
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
SYMPOSIUM OUTLINE1.A. HISTORY1.B. PERCEPTION1.C. CHALLENGES1.D. TITANIUM INDUSTRY1.E. MATERIAL PROPERTIES1.F. APPLICATION CRITERIA1.G. CONTEXT
2.A. PROCESSES2.B. MADE IN USA
1
2
4.A. DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT4.B. MANUFACTURING4.C. FINISHING4.D. ENGRAVING4.E. REMOVAL
4
•QUESTIONS•REFRACTORY ELEMENTS
•MELTING•WEIGHT
•REFRACTORY ELEMENTS•ALLOYS
•BEAUTY•BIOCOMPATIBILITY•DURABILITY
•ANODIZING•STAMPING•CASTING•JOINING•WELDING•LASERING•ENGRAVING
•MACHINING•FINISHING•SIZING•METAL JOINING•STONE SETTING
•KELLY
•CARLOS
•TONY
3.A. OPPORTUNITIES3.B. LAMINATION3
•TECHNOLOGY & EQUIPMENT CAPABILITIES•LAMINATION
•SCOTT KAY
•GARET
•CONSUMPTION
WO
RK
SH
OP
Q & A BREAK
OP
PO
RT
UN
ITIE
SP
RO
CE
SS
ES
OV
ER
VIE
W
•VERSATILITY•RESPONSABILITY
•TIMOKU™
Q & A BREAK
Q & A BREAK
WORKSHOP
CONTEMPORARYMETALS:THE MATERIALSREFRACTORY ELEMENTS ● ALLOYS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
HISTORY
1.A REFRACTORY ELEMENTSRefractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The
expression is mostly used in the context of materials science, metallurgy and engineering.
COMMON PROPERTIESAll have melting points above 2000 °C
All are hard at room temperatureAll are chemically inert Relatively high density
TITANIUMVANDAIUMCHROMIUM
ZIRCONIUMNIOBIUM
MOLYBDENUMHAFNIUM
TANTALUMTUNGSTEN
RHENIUMRUTHENIUM
OSMIUMRHODIUM
IRIDIUM
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
HISTORY
1.A REFRACTORY • REACTIVE • STRATEGIC
"Few materials have as much potential for dynamic growth during the 1990's - and beyond - as titanium. It's on the cutting edge of some really exciting and extraordinary developments, many of which are in newly emerging technologies”
- John Glenn
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
HISTORY
1.A MODERN APPLICATIONS
SPORTSMEDICAL
AUTOMOTIVEARCHITECTURAL
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
HISTORY
SPORTSMEDICAL
AUTOMOTIVEARCHITECTURAL
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
1.A MODERN APPLICATIONS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
HISTORY
AMERICAN EXPRESS – BLACKTIFFANY & CO.
DAVID YURMANROLEX
MOVADOGUCCI
MASERATIECOSSE MOTORCYCLESiPHONE (COMING SOON)
DIRECT.TVAUDI
1.B CONTEMPORARY METAL PRESTIGE
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
CHALLENGES
1.C
HARDNESS•Measured in Vickers or Rockwell
EXTREMELY HIGHBOILING POINT•Roughly 5,948°F (3,287 C)HIGHLY REACTIVE•Processed in oxygen-free environments
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
CHALLENGES
1.C TITANIUM POWDER REACTION
1.D CONSUMPTION
nitinol wire.wmv
HEART VALVESKNEE & REPLACEMENTSEXPANDABLE RIBCAGESMAXIOFACIAL PROSTHETICSSPINAL FUSION CAGES
TITANIUM INDUSTRY
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E REFRACTORY ELEMENT: TITANIUM
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
ATOMIC WEIGHT 47.867
DENSITY 4.507 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 1668°C / 3040 °F
BOILING POINT 3287 °C / 5949 °F
VICKERS HARDNESS 160-350
MORE TECHNICAL DATAThis titanium disk (bladed impeller disk) is
from the intake stage of a jet engine, where the light weight and high strength of titanium
are key. Titanium is expensive because it must be cast under inert atmosphere.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E REFRACTORY ELEMENT: NIOBIUM
ATOMIC WEIGHT 92.90638
DENSITY 8.57 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 2477 °C / 4491 °F
BOILING POINT 4744 °C / 8571 °F
VICKERS HARDNESS 65-230
This is high purity niobium crystal ribbon from Russia. New methods have made this form obsolete, and most
was melted down. It is used in earrings and tongue studs because it can be colored by oxidation.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
ROCKET FUEL INJECTOR MELT BUTTON
Machine Shop Raw Material Warehouse Quality Control
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E REFRACTORY ELEMENT: ZIRCONIUM
ATOMIC WEIGHT 91.224
DENSITY 6.511 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 1855 °C / 3371 °F
ROILING POINT 4409 °C / 7968 °F
VICKERS HARDNESS 150
This spectacular crystal bar of pure zirconium was created by thermal decomposition of zirconium iodide.
Important in the nuclear industry, zirconium's latest application is in body-piercing jewelry.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E REFRACTORY ELEMENT: TANTALUM
ATOMIC WEIGHT 180.9479
DENSITY 16.65 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 3017 °C / 5463 °F
BOILING POINT 5458 °C / 9856 °F
VICKERS HARDNESS 70-200
Tiny amounts of tantalum are used in the capacitors in all high tech devices. This slab would be enough for thousands of cell phones and laptop computers. It's also used for medical implants like skull plates.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E ALLOY: Ti 6-4
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
ALLOY COMPOSITION
(ASTM Grade)
Alloy Description: 6% Aluminum, 4% Vanadium, balance Titanium
Ti-6Al-4V[Ti-6-4]
(Grade 5)
Heat treatable, high-strength, most commercially available Ti alloy ("workhorse" alloy for aerospace applications), for use up to 400°C offering an excellent combination of high strength, toughness, and ductility along with good weldability and fabricability.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
FROM ELEMENTS TO ALLOYS
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E ALLOY: BLACK Ti™
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
THREE TYPES OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
ALPHA TITANIUM ALLOYSCommercially Pure TitaniumLow to medium strength
ALPHA BETA TITANIUM ALLOYSTi 6-4 and Black Ti™Strength levels are medium to high
BETA TITANIUM ALLOYSTypically 7-10% higher density compared
to Ti6-4
Patented by Spectore Corporation
14 years to develop
Proprietary Alloy Formula
Ceramic-like molecular structure
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E ALLOY: NITINOL
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E ALLOY: STAINLESS STEEL
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
ATOMIC WEIGHT 55.845
DENSITY 7.874 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 1538 °C / 2800 °F
BOILING POINT 2862 °C / 5182 °F
VICKERS HARDNESS 82
ATOMIC WEIGHT 51.996
DENSITY 7.19 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 1907 °C / 3465 °F
BOILING POINT 2671 °C / 4840 °F
VICKERS 1060 MPa
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E ALLOY: COBALT CHROME
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
(This data for CO only)ATOMIC WEIGHT 58.9332
DENSITY 8.9 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 1495 °C / 2723 °F
BOILING POINT 2927 °C / 5301°F
VICKERS HARDNESS 196-700
ATOMIC WEIGHT 51.996
DENSITY 7.19 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 1907 °C / 3465 °F
BOILING POINT 2671 °C / 4840 °F
VICKERS 1060 MPa
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E ALLOY: COBALT CHROME
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.E ALLOY: TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
This data for W only, not Tungsten Carbide alloy.
ATOMIC WEIGHT 183.84
DENSITY 19.25 g/cm3
MELTING POINT 3422 °C / 6192 °F
BOILING POINT 5555 °C / 10031°F
VICKERS HARDNESS 275-2,050
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
APPLICATION CRITERIA
1.F MATERIAL ATTRIBUTES1. BEAUTYNATURALLY PLATINUM GRAYMACHINE AND POLISHES WELL
2. BIOCOMPATIBILITYBIOCOMPATIBLEMEDICAL GRADE METAL
3. DURABILITYRIGOROUS WEAR TESTSGUARANTEE THE FINISHREFINISH OR REPLACE PIECEEXPERIENCE EXTREME WEAR
4. VERSATILITYVARIOUS OXIDE THICKNESS ON THE MATERIAL SURFACEUNIQUE: BLACK TI IS THE ONLYNON-COATED COMPLETELYNICKEL FREE, AND INERT TITANIUM ALLOY KNOWN THAT CAN BE PROCESSED TO BLACKCAST, MACHINED, POLISHED, MATTE
TITANIUMSTRENGTH OF STEEL AND A WEIGHTCOMPARABLE TO ALUMINIUM
BLACK TIREGULATE THE DEPTH AND TENACITYIMPERVIOUS TO ALL CHEMISTRY*
COBALTSIGNIFICANTLY HARDER THAN PLATINUM
FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITYMATERIALS SHOULD ONLY COME FROM RESPONSIBLE AND ETHICAL COMPANIES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.F: VICKERS HARDNESS SCALE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Titanium 6‐4
CP Titanium
Cobalt
Stainless Steel
Niobium
Platinum
Palladium
Sterling Silver
Gold
Aluminum
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Tungsten Carbide.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
1.F ALLOY: TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
CONTEXT: CONTEMPORARY METALS IN JEWELRY
1.G
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
CONTEXT
1.G TITANIUM SPONGE PRODUCTION
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
CONTEXT: CONTEMPORARY METALS IN JEWELRY
1.G
Q&A 1CONTEMPORARY METALS SYMPOSIUM
WHAT ARE CONTEMPORARY METALS?WHAT ARE SOME OF THE APPLICATIONS FOR CONTEMPORARY METALS?WHAT IS THE CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING METALS?
CONTEMPORARYMETALS:PROCESSESDISCUSSION OF TECHNIQUES
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A ANODIZING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A ANODIZING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A STAMPING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A CASTING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A CASTING: TITANIUM HAMMERS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A WELDING•LASERING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A LASERING•ENGRAVING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A MACHINING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A FINISHING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A SIZING
R I N G F O R L I F EA guarantee that insures ring customers a lifetime of comfort and security. Given the strength of the metal and its inability to be sized, Edward Mirell stands behind its product and consumer should they grow out of the size they originally purchased.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.A METAL JOINING • STONE SETTING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
PROCESSES
2.B MADE IN AMERICA
Q&A 2CONTEMPORARY METALS SYMPOSIUM
WHAT PROCESS WAS MOST SURPRISING?WERE YOU AWARE OF LASER ENGRAVING FOR WEDDING BANDS?WHAT OTHER MATERIALS OR STONES WOULD YOU LIKE MIXED WITH CONTEMPORARY METALS?
CONTEMPORARYMETALS:OPPORTUNITIESMATERIAL ATTRIBUTES AND LIMITATIONS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
OPPORTUNITIES
3.A TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT CAPABILITIES
CO-EXTRUSIONLAMINATION
EXPLOSIVE BINDINGULTRA SONIC BINDING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
OPPORTUNITIES
3.A TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT CAPABILITIES
POWDER INJECTION MOLDINGHIPPING
SINTERINGDIRECT METAL LASER SINTERING
ELECTRONIC BEAM MELTING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
OPPORTUNITIES
3.B LAMINATION TIMOKU™
Q&A 3CONTEMPORARY METALS SYMPOSIUM
WERE YOU FAMILIAR WITH TIMOKU AND MOKUME GANE?WHAT OPPORTUNITES COME TO MIND AS A RESULT OF THESE CAPABILITIES? WHICH CAPABILITY IS MOST EXCITING FOR JEWELRY?
CONTEMPORARYMETALS:PRODUCTIONDESIGN ● PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ● ENGINEERING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.A DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT
SPECTORE PROCESS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.B MANUFACTURING
SPECTORE PROCESS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.C MANUFACTURING
Typical Machined Piece:1. Design
2. Product Development
3. Engineering
4. Prototype
5. Pilot Run
6. Perfect Prototype & Programming
7. CNC Milling
8. Raw Material Warehouse
9. Quality Control
10. Control
11. Polishing
12. Washing
13. Quality Control
14. Stone Set & Laser Marking
15. Quality Control
16. Pack
SPECTORE PROCESS
Quality Control insured at each stage of the process.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.C MANUFACTURING
Typical Cast Piece:1. Design
2. Product Development
3. Prototyping
4. Engineering
5. Master Model
6. Pilot Run
7. Final Wax Model
8. Mold
9. Silver Cast
10. Refinish / Minor Corrections
11. Production Mold
12. Invest Wax
13. Titanium Cast
14. Raw Material Warehouse
15. Quality Control
16. Grinding
17. Tub
18. Sand Blast
19. Polishing
20. Welding
21. Assembly
22. Hand Pre-Finish
23. Polishing
24. Washing
25. Quality Control
26. Laser Marking
27. Quality Control
28. Pack
SPECTORE PROCESS
Quality Control insured at each stage of the process.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.C MANUFACTURING
Typical Anodized Piece:
1. Design
2. Product Development
3. Engineering
4. Prototype
5. Pilot Run
6. Final Programming
7. CNC Machining/Milling
8. Raw Material Warehouse
9. Quality Control
10. Control
11. Polishing
12. Washing
13. Quality Control
14. Laser Marking (Design)
15. Quality Control
16. Anodizing
17. Assembly
18. Hand Pre-Finish
19. Polishing
20. Washing
21. Quality Control
22. Laser Marking
23. Quality Control
24. Pack
SPECTORE PROCESS
Quality Control insured at each stage of the process.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.C MANUFACTURING
Typical Profiled Piece (Gray):1. Design
2. Product Development
3. Engineering
4. Prototype
5. Pilot Run
6. Final Programming
7. CNC Machining/Milling
8. Raw Material Warehouse
9. Quality Control
10. Control
11. Assembly
12. Inlay/Roll
13. Control
14. Profiling
15. Raw Material Warehouse
16. Control
17. Polishing
18. Washing
19. Quality Control
20. Laser Marking
21. Quality Control
22. Pack
SPECTORE PROCESS
Quality Control insured at each stage of the process.
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.C MANUFACTURING
Typical Profiled Piece (Black):1. Design
2. Product Development
3. Engineering
4. Prototype
5. Pilot Run
6. Final Programming
7. CNC Machining/Milling
8. Raw Material Warehouse
9. Control
10. Tub or Assembly
11. Quality Control
12. Polish
13. Quality Control
14. Washing
15. Quality Control
16. Ovens
17. Control
18. Inlay/Roll, Profile, or Polish
19. Washing
20. Quality Control
21. Laser Marking
22. Quality Control
23. Pack
Quality Control insured at each stage of the process.
SPECTORE PROCESS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
4.D FINISHING • REFINISHING
SPECTORE PROCESS
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
ENGRAVING
4.E MACHINING • MILL ENGRAVING
C O N T E M P O R A R Y M E T A L S S Y M P O S I U M
REMOVAL
4.F
Q&A 4CONTEMPORARY METALS SYMPOSIUM
WERE YOU SURPRISED BY THE LENGTH OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS?DID YOU KNOW SCOTCH BRITE PADS CAN POLISH JEWELRY?ARE YOU MORE COMFORTABLE WITH CUTTING CONTEMPORARY METALS BANDS?
“… the one most responsive to change.”Charles Darwin
VERY SPECIAL THANKS TO:
“I don't believe in a fate that will fall on us no matter what we do.
I do believe in a fate that will fall on us if we do nothing.”
- Ronald Reagan
THANK YOUCONTEMPORARY METALS SYMPOSIUM
TIME FOR THE WORKSHOP